Imunohistokemijski dokaz antigena goveđeg herpevirusa 1 i goveđeg adenovirusa 3 u smrznutim i parafiniranim rezovima pluća u pneumoničnih ovnova i jaraca uzgojenih za klanje.

The aim of this study was to determine Bovine Adenovirus type 3 (BAV3) and Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1) antigens in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissues of pneumonic sheep and goats, using direct fluorescent a ntibody technique (DFAT) and immunoperoxidase (IP ) staining. For this purpose, the lungs of 1276 male sheep and 1087 male goats, which were raised in various farms in the Elazig province and surrounding areas and were brought to the abattoir for slaughtering between January and December 2011, were examined. Macroscopic pneumonia findings were detected only in the apical and cardiac lobes of the lungs of 132 sheep and 145 goats. The rates of mild, moderate and severe consolidations observed in the apical and cardiac lobes of pneumonic lungs were 57.5 %, 29.5 % and 12.8 % for sheep, respectively and 62.0 %, 20.0 % and 17.9 % for goats, respectively. Pneumonias were microscopically classified in sheep and goats as catarrhalpurulent (40.1 % and 33.1 %), interstitial (26.5 % and 31.7 %), fibrinous (21.2 % and 26.9 %), verminous (9.4 % and 6.2 %) and pulmonary adenomatosis (1.5 % and 2.0 %). In the examination with IP and DFAT in terms of BAV3 and BHV1 antige ns, a total of 249 (116 sheep and 133 goats) pneumonic lungs, but not verminous and pulmonary adenomatosis, were considered. BAV3 and BHV1 antigens were determined to be 5.1 % and 1.7 % in sheep and 0.7 % and 2.2 % in goats by the IP method, respectively. BAV3 and BHV1 antigens were found to be 9.4 % and 5.1 % in sheep and 4.5 % and 7.5 % in goats by DFAT, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of viral antigens in lung tissues of sheep and goats may indicate that natural pneumonia may be induced by BAV3 and BHV1 or possibly other species-specific adenoviruses and herpesviruses. In addition, it is thought that sheep and goats might have a role in the transmission of these viruses to cattle.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je dokazati antigene goveđeg adenovirusa 3 i goveđeg herpesvirusa 1 izravnom imunofluorescencijom i imunoperoksidaznim testom u smrznutom i formalinom fiksiranom te u parafin uklopljenom tkivu pluća pneumoničnih ovnova i jaraca uzgojenih za klanje. Pretraženo je tkivo pluća od 1276 ovnova i 1087 jaraca, uzgajanih na različitim farmama na području Elaziga i okolice te dovedenih na klanje između siječnja i prosinca 2011. Upala pluća dokazana je makroskopski samo u apikalnim i kardijalnim režnjevima 132 ovna i 145 jaraca. Blaga konsolidacija dokazana je u 57,5 %, srednje jaka u 29,5 % te jaka u 12,8 % ovnova, dok je u 62,0 % jaraca dokazana blaga, 20,0 % srednje jaka te 17,9 % jaka konsolidacija plućnog tkiva. Upala pluća bila je mikroskopski dijagnosticirana kao kataralno-purulentna u 40,1 % ovnova i 33,1 % jaraca, intersticijska u 26,5 % ovnova i 31,7 % jaraca, fibrinozna u 21,2 % ovnova i 26,9 % jaraca, verminozna u 9,4 % ovnova i 6,2 % jaraca te kao plućna adenomatoza u 1,5 % ovnova i 2,0 % jaraca. Imunoperoksidaznim i izravnim fluorescentnim testom na prisutnost antigena za goveđi adenovirus 3 i goveđi herpesvirus 1 bilo je ukupno pretraženo 249 (116 od ovnova i 133 od jaraca) pneumoničnih pluća. U tu brojku nije bila uključena verminozna pneumonija ni plućna adenomatoza. Antigeni za goveđi adenovirus 3 bili su dokazani imunoperoksidaznim testom u 5,1 % ovnova i 0,7 % jaraca, dok su antigeni za goveđi herpesvirus 1 bili dokazani u 1,7 % ovnova i 2,2 % jaraca. Izravnim imunofluorescentnim testom antigeni za goveđi adenovirus 3 bili su dokazani u 9,4 % ovnova i 4,5 % jaraca, dok su antigeni za goveđi herpesvirus 1 bili dokazani u 5,1 % ovnova i 7,5 % jaraca. Prisutnost virusnih antigena u plućnom tkivu ovaca i koza može upućivati na zaključak da u njih upala pluća u terenskim uvjetima može biti uzrokovana goveđim adenovirusom 3 i goveđim herpesvirusom 1 ili nekim drugim adenovirusima i herpesvirusima specifičnima za vrstu. Smatra se da ovce i koze mogu imati određenu ulogu u prijenosu tih virusa na govedo

An application of space filling curves to substitution tilings

We present an order structure for tiling substitution systems of the plane. The order structure gives rise to a space filling curve which is defined over an iterative system akin to the given tiling substitution. We use this space filling curve to define a label set on the original tiles, inducing a new tiling with a factor map to the original. On the other hand, our new tiling also defines an almost one-to-one factor map to a one-dimensional tiling obtained from ‘flattening’ the space filling curve. We view this as a way of reducing dimension, giving new insights on 2-dimensional substitution tilings using symbolic dynamics

Učinci 4-vinilcikloheksen diepoksida na testise pasa

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) on testicular tissue in dogs. For this purpose, 30 mongrel male dogs were used and allocated to 5 groups randomly. The first group (n = 6), used as the control, was administered sesame oil by the intraperitoneal route (i/p). The VCD was administered i/p at doses of 80, 160, 240, 320 mg/kg to the second, third, fourth and the fifth groups (n = 6), respectively, once a day for 8 days. The dogs were surgically castrated on the day after the last VCD injection. The testes were removed immediately and fixed in 10% bouine solution. The testes were subjected to routine tissue processing and examined to determine the testicular damage in each testis. When compared to the control group, it was seen that the seminiferous tubule damage increased significantly in the treatment groups. Malondialdehyde levels reached the highest level in the fifth group, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione levels were higher in the control group (P0.05). Our results showed that VCD may contribute to the sterilization of male dogs.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati učinak 4-vinilcikloheksen diepoksida (VCD) na tkivo testisa u pasa. U tu je svrhu 30 mužjaka, križanaca, slučajnim odabirom podijeljeno u pet skupina. Prvoj, kontrolnoj skupini (n = 6) dan je VCD sa sezamovim uljem intraperitonealno. Druga skupina primila je VCD intraperitonealno u dozi od 80 mg/kg, treća 160 mg/kg, četvrta 240 mg/kg i peta skupina 320 mg/kg (n = 6), jedanput dnevno tijekom 8 dana. Psi su kastrirani dan nakon posljednje injekcije VCD-a. Testisi su odmah uklonjeni i stavljeni u 10 %-tni Bouineov fiksativ. Podvrgnuti su rutinskoj obradi tkiva te ispitani da se utvrde oštećenja na svakom testisu. U usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom uočeno je da je u pokusnoj skupini oštećenje sjemenovoda značajno veće. Razine malondialdehida najveće su vrijednosti dosegnule u petoj skupini, dok je aktivnost superoksidne dismutaze, katalaze i glutation-peroksidaze bila veća u kontrolnoj skupini (P0,05). Rezultati pokazuju da VCD može pridonijeti sterilitetu kod muških pasa

Effect of taxifolin on acrylamide-induced oxidative and proinflammatory lung injury in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies

Purpose: To examine the probable beneficial effects of taxifolin against acrylamide damage in lung tissue.Methods: 18 male albino Wistar rats were divided into healthy (HG), acrylamide (AG) and taxifolin + acrylamide (TAG) groups. Once a day for 30 days, acrylamide was orally administered to the AG group (50 mg/kg), while ACL (50 mg/kg) and TAX (20 mg/kg) were orally administered to TAG group. Protein concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total glutathione (tGSH) levels as well as oxidant and antioxidant molecules concentrations of the rat lung tissues were measured. In addition, degree of mononuclear (MN) cell infiltration and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia was evaluated by the degree of hyperplasia (absent, mild, moderate, severe). The histopathological andbiochemical data the groups were compared.Results: When compared in terms of MDA levels, it was found that the AG group had high MDA levels, and the TAG group had low MDA levels. (p < 0.001). TAG group was found to have a higher tGSH level than the AG group (p < 0.001). Compared to the AG group, lower TOS and higher TAS levels were obtained in the TAG group (p < 0.001). In addition, when TOS levels of TAG and HG groups were compared, the TOS levels between the two groups were statistically insignificant (p = 0.213). It has been observed that TAX administration prevents the increase in NF-ƘB level. When the NF-ƘB levels of the AG and TAG groups were compared with each other, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). In the AG group, severe MN cell hyperplasia and BALT hyperplasia were observed histopathologically. It was determined that these findings were alleviated in the TAG group. A histopathologically significant difference was found between AG and TAG groups (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Taxifolin has beneficial effects against lung injury caused by acrylamide, a healthdamaging environmental factor. Regular use of taxifolin can be recommended, especially in people who are known to have intense contact with acrylamide. There is a need for research studies on this subject

Deteriorated Vascular Homeostasis in Hypertension: Experimental Evidence from Aorta, Brain, and Pancreatic Vasculature

Hypertension, as a primary risk factor for many fatal disorders, is prevalent in the elderly. There is wide literature on hypertension dealing with its biological and/or biochemical aspects; however, limited research is available on the multifactorial nature of hypertension from a mechanobiological standpoint. This study intended to study in parallel histopathological alterations and deviated protein expressions with the mechanical behavior of the hypertensive tissues. The Goldblatt (2K1C) method was chosen for induction of renovascular hypertension in rabbits. The microstructural and immunohistological characteristics of the aortic, pancreatic, and brain vasculature were investigated. The mechanical properties of the aortic tissue were also evaluated using biaxial tensile tests. Our findings indicated severe hypertrophy of the hypertensive vessels and declined content of intact smooth muscle cells. Most of the collagen I content of the wall was compromised and less functional type III collagen was highly expressed. Reversed collagen I to collagen III ratio was the main contributor to the hypertrophic and less stiff hypertensive vessel walls. The multifactorial nature of hypertension is illustrated, and smooth muscle cell detachment is identified as the sign of described degenerative cascades all along the arterial tree