The effects of an educational intervention on the early management of oral lesions in the uMgungundlovu district in KwaZulu-Natal

Oral lesions that are associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are often the first clinical signs of an underlying infection. This study aimed to test primary healthcare (PHC) nurses’ knowledge and practices before and after an educational intervention on the detection and management of oral diseases, and in particular, those associated with HIV infection. A crosssectional study was conducted among PHC nurses who were employed in a range of clinical settings within the public sector (hospitals, clinics and nurse training colleges) in urban and rural areas in the uMgungundlovu Health District of KwaZulu-Natal. The convenience sample comprised 121 nurses who completed a self-administered questionnaire, undertook pre-education testing, were provided with educational material and underwent post-education testing. The obtained results showed that most nurses (90%) had received little or no undergraduate or postgraduate training in the examination, diagnosis or treatment of oral lesions. Analysis of the pre-education test results that pertained to the identification of a number of oral lesions revealed a mean correct response rate of 38.5%. Post-education results revealed a statistically significant (p-value < .0001) (24%) improvement to 62.4%. The provision of a basic education intervention can have significant effects on knowledge, treatment and referral patterns, and can lead to early diagnosis, treatment and improved quality of life for persons who are infected with HIV.Department of HE and Training approved lis

Using Integrated Type on Science Learning for Improving Junior High School Students\u27 Critical Thinking Skills

The purpose of this study is to know improvement junior high school students\u27 critical thinking skills through integrated type on science learning and students\u27 respons. Using quasi-experimental methods, the study employed non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control group design. The research involved 68 seventh grade students using integrated type. Critical thinking test was used to collect data as pretest and posttest. The data showed that participant utilized integrated type in experimental groups performed significantly better than controls group (p&gt;0.05) on critical thinking test. The result showed that integrated type in science learning can lead to learning gains that exceed those critical thinking in classes where mainly convensional science learning methods are used.Keterampilan berpikir kritis merupakan keterampilan berpikir dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh seseorang dalam menghadapi tantangan perkembangan IPTEK secara bijak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP melalui pembelajaran IPA tipe integrated dan tanggapan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain non-equivalent pretest and posttest control group. Subyek penelitian adalah 68 siswa kelas VII yang terbagi kedalam kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pengukuran keterampilan berpikir kritis menggunakan tes pilihan ganda beralasan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,52 dengan kategori sedang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol sebesar 0,29 dengan kategori rendah. Hasil uji t nilai N-Gain keterampilan berpikir kritis menghasilkan penolakan terhadap Ho (p&gt;0.05). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran terpadu tipe integrated konsep Perubahan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Hampir keseluruhan siswa memberikan tanggapan positif terhadap pembelajaran terpadu tipe integrated

Kebijakan Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Potong di Wilayah Sentra Produksi Berbasis Tanaman Pangan di Indonesia

Integrated Rice-Livestock System (SIPT) Program is a part of Agribusiness-BasedLivestock Development Program. Meanwhile, the location of SIPT is a part of IntegratedCrops Management implementation. SIPT was initially implemented in 2002 covered 11provinces. Currently, the program covers one province as a central producing area of beefcattle. The program is mainly purposed to optimize local resources utilization such as hayfor livestock feed and processed cow dung (manure) for improving crops fertility (zerowaste). The core performance of SIPT is an effort of beef cattle production development asan alternative breakthrough program that can be expected to fulfill the challenge andrequirement of the adequate beef cattle development (self-sufficiency) in 2005. Hence, thisarticle aims to analyze government's programs of beef cattle in Indonesia, particularlyrelated to SIPT Program. Apart from that, the article also reviews some research result ofbeef cattle development, especially in primary commodity area.

Daya Saing Komoditas Promosi Ekspor Manggis, Sistem Pemasaran Dan Kemantapannya Di Dalam Negeri (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Purwakarta, Jawa Barat)

EnglishMangosteen export ranks first in that of fresh fruits. This fruit has comparative and comparative advantages for export markets. The research was conducted in September 2009 in Purwakarta Regency, West Java Province. Objectives this study were: (i) to analyze financial feasibility of mangostene farming, (ii) to analyze comparative and competitive advantages of mangosteen, and (iii) to assess the impacts of government policies and the influence of input and output price changes on the competitiveness of mangosteen in Indonesia. It applied a survey method using structured questionnaires. Primary data were collected from 20 mangosteen farmers, 5 merchants, and 2 exporters. Secondary data were collected from relevant agencies. Comparative and competitive advantages were estimated using a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results showed that profit of mangosteen farming could be determined after the sixth year after planting with production of 1.2 tons and profit of Rp 1.5 million per hectare. The highest production occurred in the 18th year with average production of 12.6 tons and benefit of Rp 68.5 million per hectare. Fruit production started decreasing in the 24th or 25th year. Results of PCR and DRC analyses showed values each of 0.40 and 0.19 implying that the mangostene farming having competitive and comparative advantages. Government policy on tradable inputs offered incentives to the farmers indicated by NPCI value of 0.76, but it had negative impact on mangostene price with NPCO value of 0.49. The government needs to pay attention to some indicators, such as those of trade and comparative and competitive advantages so that the mangostene farmers may benefit from them and get higher incomes.IndonesianSumbangan ekspor buah manggis beberapa tahun terakhir ini sangat besar dalam rangka meningkatkan devisa negara dan pendapatan petani. Ekspor manggis menempati urutan pertama ekspor buah segar ke mancanegara. Manggis Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif yang nyata untuk pasar ekspor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Tahun 2009 pada bulan Septembar di Kabupaten Purwakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah : (i) menganalisis kelayakan finansial USAhatani manggis, (ii) menganalisis keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif manggis, dan (iii) mengkaji dampak kebijakan pemerintah serta pengaruh Perubahan harga masukan dan keluaran terhadap daya saing manggis di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei terstruktur, wawancara langsung dengan responden menggunakan kuesioner. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 20 petani manggis, 5 pedagang, dan 2 eksportir. Sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari instansi terkait. Kelayakan finansial USAhatani manggis dihitung secara sederhana. Sedangkan keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif diestimasi dengan menggunakan metode Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada awal tahun memperoleh keuntungan yaitu pada tahun ke 6 dimana produksi mencapai 1,2 ton dengan keuntungan yang dicapai Rp. 1,5 juta per ha. Produksi tertinggi terjadi pada tahun ke 18 yaitu 12,6 ton per ha, dengan keuntungan yang dapat dicapai Rp. 68,5 juta dan mengalami penurunan pada tahun ke 24 hingga 25. Hasil analisis nilai PCR sebesar 0.40 dan DRC 0.19 menyiratkan bahwa sistem komoditi ini juga memiliki keunggulan kompetitif maupun komparatif. Kebijakan pemrintah pada faktor produksi yang dapat diperdagangkan terbukti memberikan insentif kepada petani manggis seperti diukur dari nilai NPCI (0,76) kurang 1, dan kebijakan terhadap harga manggis berdampak negatif dengan nilai NPCO (0,49) lebih kecil dari 1. Untuk kedepannya pemerintah perlu meluangkan perhatiannya sebagai pengambil kebijakan untuk mencermati beberapa indikator antara lain indikator perdagangan, serta indikator keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif sehingga peluang untuk memanfaatkan Perubahan tersebut dapat direalisasikan agar kesejahteraan petani manggis khususnya lebih terjamin

Perlindungan Bagi Konsumen Terkait Pencantuman Klausula Pembatasan Renovasi Rumah dalam Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Perumahan pada Pt.bangun Riau Cendikia (PT. Brc) di Pekanbaru

The implementation of the clause on house renovation restriction in housing purchase agreement that are made by developer using standard contracts is that they have to firstly prepare the agreement in written form as well as for the clause of the article in housing purchase agreement. This objective of the study was to determine the rights and obligations of the developer, PT. BRC (Limited Liability Company of Bangun Riau Cendikia), toward PT. BRC consumers as the buyers who had lived in Vila Cendikia Cluster. This study entitled Protection for Consumers in the Inclusion of Clause on House Renovation Restriction in Housing Purchase Agreement at PT. Bangun Riau Cendikia (PT. BRC) in Pekanbaru. It was an empirical judicial research. It took 15 (fifteen) respondents representing the property buyers and residents. The results showed that the rights of property buyers were found to be imbalanced with the rights of PT. BRC developers due to the restriction resulted from the inclusion of clause on house renovation restriction stated in the PPJB (Housing Purchase Agreement) whereas reviewed from the Laws No. 8/ 1999 on Consumers Protection Article 1(8) Clause (1), the inclusion of standard clause is strictly prohibited for any businessmen who offered their products. Meanwhile, the inclusion of the clause on house renovation restriction harmed the consumers' freedom to make renovations which have become more limited; the consumers had to get an approval from the developers of PT. BRC before renovating their houses

Effect of Mineral Mix Supplementation in Silage of Palm Frond Grated (PFG) and Palm Sludge on Digestibility and Delay Quality By In Vitro Methods

By-products from oil palm can feed ruminants such as palm fronds (OPF) and palm oil sludge (PS). Judging from its continuous, cheap, and abundant availability from the palm oil industry, as well as a source of fiber or a component in complete feed for ruminants, it is the potential that can be used as animal feed. However, the use of oil palm fronds in livestock production is minimal due to their complex fiber structure, high lignin content, and low protein content. So, it needs management technology on OPF. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and five repetitions: P0 Palm frond silage (30%) + palm sludge (70%) P1 Silage of palm fronds (30%) + palm sludge (70%) + Mineral Mix 1% P2Palm frond silage (30%) + palm sludge (70%) + Mineral Mix 2%. The data obtained were analyzed for variance according to the design used, and if there were differences between the treatments, continued analysis using the Duncan Multi Range Test Based on the results of statistical analysis showed that the silage treatment of palm frond powder and palm sludge supplemented with a mineral mix in vitro decreased the digestibility value of dry matter (P&lt;0.05). However, different results were shown in the digestibility of organic matter, where increased digestibility occurred in treatment with supplementation of mineral mixes. The statistical analysis showed that the silage treatment of palm frond powder and palm sludge supplemented with the mineral mix in vitro showed no significant difference between treatments (P&gt;0.05) on VFA and NH3 values. Based on the study's results, it can be concluded that mineral mix supplementation in the silage of palm frond powder and palm sludge significantly decreases the digestibility of dry matter but increases the digestibility value of organic matter. Nevertheless, the treatment given did not have a significant effect on the quality of the fermentation, which included VFA and NH3