Faktor Lingkungan yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Virus Dengue (Studi Kasus di Kota Semarang)

Dengue virus infection can show variation of clinical spectrum from mild degree to severe degree. Mild dengue virus infection cause asymptom or fever without unclear causal factor through are followed by dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Dengue virus infection is an endemic and make potentially outbreaks in all around the world, included in Semarang. Risk factors that influenced on dengue infection, such as host, agent and environment. Host factor consists of gender, nutritional status and age. Role of environment as disease reservoir that Aedes aegypti larvae and mosquitos population depend on existence of places their appropriate habitat. The objective of this study is to analyze environmental factor that influences on occurence of dengue virus infection. This is a case control study using 54 cases and 54 controls. Case is appeared by Immunoglobulin G (+) and control is appeared by Immunoglobulin G (-). Risk factors included in this study were physical environment, non physical environment and intrinsic factor. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Risk factors of dengue virus infection in Semarang City were low nutritional status, the existence of larvae in the water container and the interval of cleaning water container more than 7 days

SUPLEMEN BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT TEPUNG DAUN KATUK BERPOTENSI MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA PADA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian suplemen bungkil inti sawit (BIS), tepung daun katuk (KAT), dan kombinasi bungkil inti sawit dan tepung daun katuk (BISKAT) terhadap peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa kambing jantan peranakan Ettawa (PE). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 20 ekor kambing jantan PE, berumur 1,5 tahun dengan berat badan antara 15 -20 kg dan dibagi atas empat kelompok yakni P0, P1, P2, dan P3 yang masing-masing diberi akuades, BIS 100 g/hari/ekor, kombinasi BIS 100 g/hari/ekor dan KAT 15 g/hari/ekor, dan KAT 15 g/hari/ekor. Pemberian perlakuan dilakukan selama 35 hari. Pada hari ke-36 dilakukan kastrasi dan selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan kualitas spermatozoa yang meliputi motilitas, viabilitas, integritas membran, dan abnormalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian suplemen kombinasi BISKAT dapat meningkatkan motilitas, viabilitas, integritas membran, dan menurunkan abnormalitas spermatozoa dibanding kelompok kontrol. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplemen kombinasi BISKAT berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa kambing PE

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020