A critical discourse analysis of representations of the Niger Delta conflict in four prominent Western anglophone newspapers

This thesis explores the manner in which the conflict in the oil-rich Niger Delta in Nigeria is represented in western Anglophone media. Large oil reserves in the Niger Delta have contributed millions of dollars towards the growth of Nigeria's export economy. Despite this, the Niger Delta is the least developed region in the country and is characterised by high rates of inequality. Residents of the Niger Delta have been outraged by the lack of action on the part of the Nigerian government and multinational oil corporations. Their discontent over the inequalities in the region has resulted in the proliferation of armed groups and militants who often use violent and criminal tactics to communicate their disgruntlement. This thesis closely examines the representations of the violent insurgency in the Niger Delta by conducting a Critical Discourse Analysis of 145 news texts selected from four western Anglophone newspapers from 2007 to 2011. The depiction of the conflict as it appears in the four newspapers is discussed in relation to an overview of scholarly literature which explores the portrayal of Africa not only in western media, but also in other forms of western scholarship and writing. The research undertaken in this study reveals that to a significant extent representations of the Niger Delta conflict echo and reflect some of the stereotypical and age-old negative imagery that informs meanings constructed about the African continent. However, the analysis of the news texts also shows that there are certainly efforts amongst some newspapers to move beyond simplistic representations of the conflict. The disadvantage however, is that these notable attempts tend to be marred by the use of pejorative language which typically invokes negative images associated with Africa. This study argues that the implications of these representations are highly significant as these representations not only affect the way in which the conflict is understood, but also the manner in which the international community responds to it

A Soft Landing

For Andzani, home has always been a trigger for unpleasant memories, it has become the site for anxiety. After completing his Accounting Degree at the University of Cape Town and securing employment after, Andzani minimizes his visits back home to evade those memories home allows to seep through and confront him. He fears what this remembering will do to him, undo in him. Then one morning he receives a phone call from his uncle, Sontaga, to come fetch his mother, Violet, and take her to a mental institution because her mental health is deteriorating. As if given a last chance, on this trip, long-repressed memories flood his head and dull his days in order to force him to pay attention to them, digest them. In Dorothy L. Pennington conceptualisation of memory as a helix, she states that “the past is an indispensable part of the present which participates in it, enlightens it, and gives it meaning.” Taking this assertion as a point of departure, ‘A Soft Landing' is a novel that explores the implications of a past not decisively dealt with. The novel explores how the past gives meaning to present identities and how new identity formations are negotiated within the eye of the past participating in the present

Key success factors of quick service restaurants

Abstract: Quick service restaurants (QSRs) have become the most visited restaurants of all restaurant types globally. Customers’ connection to service quality has compelled the QSRs to implement effective strategies to satisfy their customers. Key success factors and service quality have become important aspects of QSR because of their benefits, such as increased profit, competitiveness, market share, and customer preservation. This study applied a quantitative technique using a survey research strategy. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to QSR managers, owners and customers in Gauteng province using non-probability sampling. The Statistical Package for Social Science program (SPSS) Version 24 was used to analyse the data. The statistical techniques used were mean, standard deviation, correlation analysis, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA)...M.Com. (Business Management

A study on reporting and learning in three natural resource management programmes in South Africa

This is a case study that focuses on three Natural Resource Management programmes, namely: the Department of Environmental Affair’s Working for Water Programme, the Kruger to Canyon SANParks Biodiversity Social Projects as well as AWARD’s programme for Resilience in the Limpopo-Olifants Basin. All three programmes are being implemented in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. As a monitoring and evaluation officer at AWARD, I was part of the team that developed a strategy to enable learning through monitoring, evaluation and reporting, and this sparked my interest in understanding how other programmes might be approaching this. The focus of the study is on the role of reporting, as part of programme monitoring and evaluation, as a means to support learning of both programme implementers and organisations. An in-depth description of each case has been provided to enable an understanding of the overall reporting system, how reporting may play a role in supporting individual and organisational learning, and what factors enable or constrain learning in association with reporting. The research was descriptive and interpretive as the first phase of a possible extended study engaging organisations in exploring how to strengthen reporting for learning. The participants and organisations were sampled using both purposive and convenience sampling. Data was collected through 17 key informant interviews; observations during two learning events; and, the collection and review of numerous documents (guides, reports, templates etc.). The data was analysed through qualitative content analysis using two frameworks: Argyris’ three loops of learning (1974;1978) and the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) lens (Engeström, 1987). The former was useful for bounding the types of learning to identify, and the latter for surfacing contradictions that can be explored in organisational development processes. Through the analysis of the data and literature, the following insights were gained: All three programmes have been ‘thinking’ about learning, but only in the case of AWARD was reporting associated with learning; in all three programmes, additional spaces have been designed to facilitate learning. Although programmes might not necessarily focus on reporting for learning, their reports do indicate a potential for facilitating reflection and thus learning. The organisational culture in government-based reporting systems is, however, strongly geared to performance management, accounting for resources spent, meeting targets and eliminating mistakes. Reports are used to guide planning, to account to the funder and to release further funding.. In this context only single and double loop learning is in evidence. Programme participants did raise ‘triple loop’ questions about whether the programme or system overall was working, but there did not seem to be space for such questions, in the reporting or the learning events, and there was no evidence that they were addressed. In the case of AWARD, spaces were created through reporting to encourage learning. This worked sometimes to enable learning but not always due to, for example, time constraints and competing responsibilities. There are certain aspects to consider when designing reporting that seem to support learning (see below). The process of using reporting for learning takes time and organisations might not get this right the first time around. Reflection opportunities are only experienced as enabling if participants have the space and power to act on the reflections, or see others acting on them to address issues, otherwise they get frustrated. Steps that could assist programmes in improving reporting to enable learning are: Adding to reporting templates a space for reflections to ensure that while the programme reports on the quantitative data needed for accountability purposes, it also creates additional space (without unduly increasing reporting responsibilities) for implementers’ learning. Encouraging discussion about ‘mistakes’ such as failures to meet targets, why they occur, and what we can learn from them. Allowing programme implementers to give feedback on their reporting challenges and take measures to support them, e.g. make adjustments to templates. Understanding the programme’s definition of learning, and the diverse learning needs that may be involved, which can contribute to a working strategy that the organisation can build on when initiating learning spaces. When learning events are organised, taking the inputs of participants seriously and developing ways in which these could be taken further into actions from which further learning can stem; reflecting on and raising issues without an opportunity for action is frustrating. The process of enabling reporting for learning takes time and organisations might not get it right the first time around (trial and error) and a strategy that worked for one organisation might not necessarily work for the next. When designing a learning strategy as part of a monitoring, evaluation and reporting framework, it is therefore important to consider the needs of the organisation and to work with implementers to develop and refine this over time. The thesis concludes with comments on the limitations of the study, the methodology and the analytical frameworks used, and finally, provides recommendations for further research

Factors influencing the adolescent pregnancy rate in the Greater Giyani Municipality, Limpopo Province

This quantitative, explorative and descriptive survey attempted to determine factors that influence the adolescent pregnancy rate in the Greater Giyani Municipality. Data were gathered from adolescent girls attending four selected high schools. Non-probability convenient sample of 147 respondents was used with 100% return rate. Data was collected using a questionnaire which had a reliability of 0.65. Data were analysed using the SAS/Basic computer program, version 9.2. Findings indicated that 56.34% of respondents reported key psychosocial variables such as peer pressure and 58.90% of them changed values as contributory to high pregnancy rates. .Health services were reported as not freely available and relationships with nurses significantly cited as poor by 72.41% respondents with regard to maintenance of confidentiality. Recommendations were made to improve school health services, reproductive education and future researchHealth StudiesM.A. (Health Studies

An investigation into the adequacy of infrastructure in engineering and related design (ERD) at technical and vocational education and training (TVET) colleges in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the adequacy of infrastructure in Engineering and Related Design at Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The study was a cross-sectional survey that was conducted on National Certificate level 3 TVET college students that were pursuing their studies in Engineering and Related Design (ERD). The data collection tool was a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The respondents to the questionnaire were conveniently selected. The research findings revealed that in the TVET colleges that were sampled, there was a shortage of the workshop equipment and machines, audio-visual equipment, accommodation and transport. On the other hand, it was discovered that the majority of students were happy with classrooms, furniture, and library facilities. There is a need for the colleges to have adequate infrastructure in order to create a conducive teaching and learning environment

Social media policy in South Africa

Social media use is a growing trend worldwide. It is viewed as a revolution in electronic communications and an effective business marketing tool. Despite the business benefits, social media is viewed as a risk within organisations. This study examines the perceptions of CAEs (Chief Audit Executives) on the state of development and implementation of social media policies in companies in South Africa. The study reveals that even though social media is perceived to be a risk, most of the organisations surveyed have not implemented a social media policy. This might be because social media policies are not perceived to be effective, or because social media is classified as a lower priority risk within the organisations. The study reveals that social media is not part of the internal audit universe in most organisations, supporting two perceptions: that it might be viewed as a lesser risk; and that the organisations and internal audit functions have not yet fully understood the nature and potential negative impact social media usage can have on business.http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication/sajaaram201

Development of a GIS-based knowledge hub for contaminants of emerging concern in South African water resources using open-source software : lessons learnt

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : The development of the CEC Knowledge Hub.DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data will be made available on request.With population growth and dwindling freshwater sources, protecting such sources has come to the forefront of water resource management. Historically, society’s response to a problem is based on funding availability, current threat, and public outcry. Achieving this is largely dependent on the knowledge of the factors that are resulting in compromised water sources. These factors are constantly changing as novel contaminants are introduced into surface water sources. As we are in the information age, the interest in contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) is gaining ground. Whilst research is being conducted to identify contaminants in South African water sources, the research outputs and available information is not collated and presented to the science community and stakeholders in readily available formats and platforms. Current research outcomes need to be made known to regulators in order to develop environmental laws. By using fourth industrial revolution technology, we were able to collate available data in literature and display these in a user-friendly online format to regulatory bodies as well as researchers. A standardized excel spreadsheet was developed and uploaded to a PostgreSQL, running a PostGIS extension and was then processed in the GeoServer to allow for visualization on an interactive map which can be continuously updated. The near real-time access to information will reduce the possibility of duplication of research efforts, enhance collaboration in the discipline, and act as a CEC early warning system.Water Research Commissionhttps://www.cell.com/heliyon/homePlant Production and Soil Scienc

An Analysis of the Role of Thomas Hasani Chauke's Songs in the Development and Promotion of Xitsonga and Vatsonga Culture

PhD (Xitsonga)Xikolo xa Tisayense laswa Vanhu na MahanyeloNdzavisiso lowu wu thyiwile Nxopaxopo wa Nkoka wa Tinsimu ta Thomas Hasani Chauke eka ku Tlakusa na ku Hluvukisa Xitsonga na Ndhavuko wa Vatsonga (An Analysis of the Role of Thomas Hasani Chauke’s Songs in the Development and Promotion of Xitsonga and Vatsonga Culture). Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku xopaxopa vuyimbeleri bya Thomas Hasani Chauke byi wu tirheke hakona ku ku tlakusa na ku hluvukisa Xitsonga na ndhavuko wa Vatsonga hakona. Hi lembe ra 1996 Vumbiwa bya tiko lebyi byi hlohlotelaka leswaku tindzimi hinkwato ta khumen’we ta ximfumo ti fanele ku khomiwa ku ringana byi pasisiwile. Kambe loko hi xiya hi kuma leswaku tindzimi ta Vantima ta ha ri eka xiyimo xa le hansi swinene. Huvo ya Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB) leyi simekiweke ku ringeta ku tlakusa na ku vona leswaku tindzimi hinkwato ta ximfumo ta hluvuka yi kuma swisolo eka vanhu lava pumbaka leswaku ntirho wa vona wu famba hi rivilo ra rimpfana. Leswi swi endle leswaku van’watindzimi va sungula njhekanjhekisano wo lava tindlela to vona leswaku tindzimi ta Vantima ta hluvukisiwa. Eka Xitsonga, muyimbeleri wo fana na Thomas Hasani Chauke u le ku tlangeni ka xiave xikulu eka ku hluvukisa na ku tirhisa Xitsonga na ku tlakusa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga hi vuyimbeleri byakwe. Ndzavisiso ku ya hi nkoka hi wona wu nga ta tirhisiwa eka xitsalwana lexi. Tinsimu to hambanahambana leti eka nandzelelo wa yena wa Shimatsatsa leti kandziyisiweke ku suka hi 1980 ku fika hi 2014 ti ta xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa thiyori yo xopaxopa. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kumile leswaku Thomas Hasani Chauke u tlanga xiave xikulu swinene eka ku tlakusa na ku hluvukisa Xitsonga na ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Matirhiselo ya yena ya ririmi na mikongomelo leyi a yimbelelaka hi yona hi swona swi nga ta kombisa mhaka leyi