Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd) Dan Faktor Iklim Di Kota Batam, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) atau Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) merupakan penyakit akut, bersifat endemik dan secara periodik dapat mendatangkan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB). Sejak pertama kali ditemukan tahun 1968 di Indonesia, penyebaran penyakit ini dengan cepat terjadi ke berbagai daerah. Peningkatan jumlah kasus di Indonesia selama ini terjadi pada saat musim hujan dikarenakan temperatur bumi yang semakin meningkat. Perubahan pola suhu dan curah hujan dapat menyebabkan nyamuk memperluas tempat perkembiakannya, hal ini disebabkan karena nyamuk berkembang biak dengan cepat. Kejadian DBD di Kota Batam pada tahun 2007 sebesar 157,9 per 100.000 penduduk, 153,5 per 100,000 penduduk pada tahun 2008; 136,2 per 100,000 penduduk pada tahun 2009: 29,5 per 100,000 penduduk tahun 2010 and 59,43 per 100,000 penduduk pada tahun 2011. Faktor iklim yaitu faktor iklim yaitu curah hujan, suhu, hari hujan dan kelembaban terhadap kejadian DBD di Kota Batam, Propinsi Kepulauan Riau. Disain studi ini merupakan studi retrospektif. Data iklim dikumpulkan dari kantor BMKG (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika), sedangkan data kejadian DBD didapat dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Batam selama tahun 2001-2011. Data dianalisis dengan analisis regresi linier menurut Colton. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kejadian DBD dengan suhu dan curah hujan walaupun tidak terlalu kuat. Nilai r antara kejadian DBD dan suhu udara adalah 0,31, sedangkan curah hujan sebesar 0,26. Hasil analisis antara kejadian DBD terhadap hari hujan dan kelembaban didapatkan nilai r = 0,07 dan r = 0,11 artinya tidak terdapat hubungan dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Batam

Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Insiden Malaria Di Kabupaten Bintan Kepulauan Riau Dan Kabupaten Banggai Sulawesi Tengah

Pemanasan global dapat menyebabkan Perubahan iklim yang memiliki potensi dampak terhadap kesehatan. Faktor iklim sendiri merupakan faktor yang penting bagi berbagai jenis penyakit, salah satu pengaruh Perubahan iklim adalah terhadap potensi peningkatan kejadian timbulnya penyakit yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk seperti malaria. Peningkatan insiden dan KLB malaria disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu, Perubahan lingkungan fisik terutama curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban dan Perubahan pemanfaatan lahan, termasuk kerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2010 dengan tujuan penelitian untuk melihat pengaruh Perubahan iklim (curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban) terhadap kejadian penyakit malaria di Kabupaten Bintan Kepulauan Riau dan Kabupaten Banggai Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau selama lima tahun (tahun 2005-2009) kecenderungan insiden malaria terlihat mengalami penurunan, dengan kisaran antara 0,11‰ -2,28 ‰ sedangkan curah hujan cenderung stabil berkisar antara 42 mm - 874 mm, keadaan suhu cenderung meningkat berkisar antara 25,1 ºC – 27,9 ºC dan kelembaban cenderung stabil berkisar antara 75%-95%. Di Kabupaten Banggai Sulawesi Tengah selama sepuluh tahun (tahun 2000-2009) kecenderungan insiden malaria terlihat mengalami peningkatan, dengan kisaran antara 0,02‰ – 1,72 ‰ sedangkan curah hujan rata-rata berkisar antara 4 mm - 567 mm, keadaan suhu cenderung stabil berkisar antara 25,1 ºC – 29,3 ºC dan kelembaban udara cenderung stabil antara 67% - 86%. Kesimpulan kejadian malaria di dua kabupaten menunjukkan berfluktuasi dan tinggi pada bulan-bulan tertentu. Kejadian malaria menurut curah hujan menunjukkan Kecenderungan yang negatif, karena curah hujan tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kejadian malaria. Kecenderungan peningkatan insiden malaria, secara tidak langsung dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan kelembaban, namun secara langsung berpengarh terhadap parasit malaria dan nyamuk sebagai vektor

Gambaran Perilaku Masyarakat Kaitannya Dengan Penularan Dan Upaya Pengendalian Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan Di Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Various diseases like ARI, Diarrhea, TB, Malaria, Dengue Fever and even Toxoplasmosis remains a public health problem. Diarrhea and ARI are the major causes of infant and child mortality. All the disease problems are caused by the lack of community behavior and environment quality. Therefore, this study emphasizes to the behavior analysis and the reasons behind those behavior. This study was conducted in Sukabumi District, West Java Province as one of the areas of the highest infant mortality rate in Indonesia. This is a qualitative approach study by using ethnographic and survey method. The study was conducted in 47 sub-districts in the district. Data was collected by performing interview using structured questionnaire. Study respondents were the head of households with 3008 samples. Qualitative data was gathered from two sub-districts which were Pelabuhan Ratu and Cikidang Sub-districts. The study results showed that community behavior on environmental-based disease prevention such as diarrhea, ARI, TB,Malaria, Dengue Fever, Toxoplasmosis were quite good, even though their level of knowledge about the diseases were still poor. Community wrong perception about the disease causes, its transmission and prevention could be a problem

Model Intervensi Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat

In Indonesia principal of activity control program Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ( DHF) currently nowinclude epidemiological surveillance, discovery and case management, vector control, communityparticipation, early warning system (EWS), outbreaks, dissemination of information, partnerships, capacitybuilding, research, monitoring and evaluation. However, these activities not yed the expected results, it isindicates the need for other measures in order to improve the program in the prevention of dengue. Theprocess of transmission of dengue is a dynamic process, the study of the transmission of the disease need toinvolve the dynamic aspects of the dependence on time, which has been neglected in many studies that havebeen conducted relating to DHF. By involving the dynamic aspects of the transmission process will be toobtain a more precise conclusion in determining the disease control policies. For reasons these researchhas been done on the development of a model dengue control more specific and dynamic in Indramayudistrict, West Java. The purpose of the study to gain control model that can lower DHF Infection Rate( IR ) to zero percent. Results showed the free larvae index which reflect environmental hygiene at districof Indramayu West Jawa 60,0%. This illustrates that the breeding places eradication program in thedistrict well doing, was being in the district foging implementation in Indramayau was able to reduce theincidence of DHF either primary infection ( detectable IgM) and secondary infection ( IgG and IgMdetected ). Insect repellent can be used as an alternative for the prevention of the spread of dengue fevercan reduce the increase in the number of dengue infections. Basically Insect repellent use can reduce IR.The combination of fogging and insect repellent will be more effective in reducing the number of infections.RDT implementation and then immediately responded by conducting fogging or the use of insect repellentto prevent the spread of dengue fever so that the number of infection will be reduced

Pengaruh Beberapa Dosis Bacillus Thuringiensis Var Israelensis Serotype H14 Terhadap Larva Aedes Aegypti Di Kalimantan Barat

One of the dengue control efforts is the use of Bacillus thuringiensis in order to reduce the dengue vector of Aedes aegypti through its larvas. This was an experimental research using gram-positive bacteria B. thuringiensis var Israelensis (Bactivec) serotype H-14 which was applied with several concentrations (0.02 ml, 0.01 ml and 0.007 ml) in 246 ml of water that has been filled with 25 larvas of the 3rd or 4th instars. Larvas were taken from the area of ​​West Kalimantan. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design to examine the percentage of larval mortality within 3 hours, 9 hours and over 12 hours. The results showed that the concentration of 0,02 bactivec caused 89% larval mortality, and concentrations of 0,01 and 0,007 caused 88% and 87% larval mortality, respectively within the 9 hours exposure time. It can be concluded that the use of 0,07 ml of bactivec is still effective to control Aedes aegypti larvae. To determine the negative of the use of bactivec, further studies are needed

Pegembangan Model untuk Pembelajaran Keterampilan Menulis di Sekolah Dasar

Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia seringkali dianggap mudah oleh sebagian besar peserta didik, hal tersebut menjadikan tujuan pembelajaran dalam suatu kegiatan belajar mengajar tidak dapat dicapai secara optimal, salah satunya keterampilan menulis. Banyaknya model pembelajaran yang ditawarkan dalam dunia pendidikan nyatanya belum mampu mengatasi kekurangan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengetahui pembelajaran keterampilan menulis di SD, 2) untuk mengetahui tingkat keterampilan menulis siswa, 3) untuk mengetahui kebutuhan terhadap model pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan melalui studi kasus dan studi literature. Subjek penelitiannya meliputi siswa kelas III Sekolah Dasar. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan triangulasi data/sumber yaitu data wawancara yang dilakukan dengan guru kelas III di sekolah yang berbeda dan triangulasi metode yaitu data wawancara, dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan mulai dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data sampai verifikasi. Hasil penelitian pada studi pendahuluan ini adalah 1) kurikulum yang diterapkan di empat sekolah tersebut adalah Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan, 2) model pembelajaran yang digunakan guru sudah mengarah pada student center, 3) media yang digunakan berupa gambar yang sudah tertera pada buku, 4) penilaian dilakukan secara menyeluruh (mencakup empat keterampilan), 5)sebagian siswa belum mampu mencapai KKM. Kesimpulan dari studi pendahuluan ini adalah perlu dikembangkannya model pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa

Pengaruh Lingkungan Terhadap Status Morbiditas Balita Di Daerah Tertinggal 2008

Morbidity status of children under-five has related to some factors that is factors in mothers for pregnant or gives birth to with factors from baby/children under fives. Other influential factor towards children under-five well-being is place or environment. Children under five who live in disadvantaged region have unfavourable well-being status. In RPJMN 2004-2009 appointed 199 regencies as disadvantaged regions. The quantitatively region total remained as much as 44% from 457 regency/cities in Indonesia. The aim of analysis was to detect determinant factor influence with status morbiditas children under five at disadvantaged region. The method used Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) data 2007 with sample total as much as 42.585 children under fives at disadvantaged region. Doing analysis univariat and Chi-square's bivariate. Ill children under five prevalensi's result at disadvantaged region as big as 58.1%, (58.3%), household drinking water use < 20 litres (58.5%), polluted water physical quality (60.1%), water processing before drunk not cooked (59.4%). There was also water indoor's of hazardous waste materials disposal in household (58.9%). The Biggest risk factor related to morbidity status children under five was low education level for head of household (OR 1,184), polluted drinking water physical quality (OR 1,100), level economic social poor household (OR 1,082), water processing before drunk was not cooked (OR 1,072), dangerous ingredient existence and toxic (B3 in household (indoor water pollution) as big as OR 1,072 all the it variable above statistically have a meaning (p<0,05). Environment factors such as good drinking water quality, drinking water processing must be cooked, and good parents education level and tall economy social level are very influential towards morbidity status children under-five at disadvantaged region

Transformasi Plasmid Ptrli Dengan Teknik Elektroporasi Pada Aspergillus Terreus Dan Uji Stabilitas Transforman

Aspergillus terreus is a Saprophyte fungus that produces several secondary metabolites as lovastatin (anti-cholesterol drug) and itaconic acid (a polymer material). Lovastatin is one of the statin class of drugs that have efficacy as antihypercholesterolemic. Plasmid transformation is the introduction and incorporation of exogenous plasmid into cells orprotoplast. In this study, pTRLI plasmid (pTRI inserts containing lovE gene as a regulator gene in the biosynthesis of lovastatin) will be transformed by electroporation transformation. The purpose of this research is transformation of pTRLI plasmid into protoplasts of Aspergillus terreus by electroporation and obtain stable transformants. The research was initiated by isolation of pTRLI plasmid. Then pTRLI plasmid was determined purity and concentration by nanodrop. Furthermore, Protoplasts of Aspergillus terreus were isolated enzymatically by adding an enzyme which can degrade the cell wall of Aspergillus terreus which contains chitin and cellulose. PTRLI plasmid were transformed into protoplasts of Aspergillus terreus by electroporation. These transformants were grown in Czapek-Dox medium containing pyrithiamine agar and the number of transformants mg-1 of pTRLI plasmid was calculated. Transformants were selected to grow in Czapek-Dox medium containing piritiamin 1 mg l-1. The number of transformants produced 187 transformants mg-1 of PTRLI plasmid. Transformants are stable up to five generations by growing the transformants in Czapek-Dox medium agar containing piritiamin 1 mg l-1. The success of the transformation indicated by ptrA gene in transformants that can be amplified by PCR. The size of fragment DNA is 801 bp