Upaya Promosi Kesehatan Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan Oleh Pusat Informasi Konseling Remaja (PIK-R) Ditinjau Dari Teori Precede-Proceed (The Effort of Health Promotion on Maturation of the Marriage Age by Information and Concelling Center for Adolescent (PI

The result of UNICEF report showed that Indonesia has high percentage on early marriage inthe world, Indonesia was in 37th rank from 63 country. One of district in Jember regency whichhas the highest mark in early marriage is Sukowono district. There were 411 mate whomarriage in early age. The effort to reduce the amount of early marriage was by maturation ofthe age marriage which hold by information and conselling center for adolescent (PIK-R). Theactivity of PIK-R in effort on Maturation of marriage age by giving information, but this activityonly give to the members of PIK-R. It caused most of adolescent didn't know more aboutmaturation of marriage age. The purpose of this research was to know effort of healthpromotion on maturation of the marriage age by PIK-R based precede proceed theory. Thisresearch design used Qualitative research based on the result showed that most of society inSukowono district did early marriage because their parents were match them, so their familygave support to do early marriage. The effort of maturationof the marriage age which washold by PIK-R consist of planning, implementation and evaluation. Planning of PIK-R consistof target determined, content, media, advocacy and regulacy. The implementation of PIK-Rwas hold by giving information to the society about maturation of the marriage age, butevaluation from implementation was not suitable with planning.Keywords : Health promotion on maturation of the age marriage, PIK-R, Precedeproceedtheory

Prognostic and predictive relevance of CA-125 at primary surgery of ovarian cancer

Despite radical surgery and chemotherapy, most patients with ovarian cancer develop recurrence and die due to progressive disease. To stratify patients for optimal therapy, prognostic and predictive factors are needed. We examined the role of pre- and postoperative CA-125 in this context. A total of 231 patients with primary ovarian cancer who presented for surgery at our institution between 1996 and 2004 were included in this study (25% FIGO stage I/II and 75% FIGO stage III/IV). The prognostic and predictive values of CA-125 serum concentrations before and after surgery as well as their correlation with clinicopathological variables were analyzed. Median preoperative CA-125 was 61.6 kU/l (9-1,867 kU/l) in stage I/II patients and 533.15 kU/l (10-22,617 kU/l) in stage III/IV patients. Before surgery, 67% of stage I/II patients and 96% of stage III/IV patients had elevated CA-125 (> 35 kU/l). There was a significant decrease in CA-125 after surgery in both patient cohorts (61.6-43.4 kU/l, P = 0.001 and 533.15-92.3 kU/l, P <0.001, respectively). Furthermore, in stage III/IV patients with complete or so-called optimal (<1 cm residual disease) debulking, preoperative CA-125 levels were significantly lower than in patients with residual disease > 1 cm (P = 0.01, P = 0.009, respectively). Neither CA-125 concentration before surgery nor its decrease was prognostically relevant for recurrence and survival at any stage. However, in stage III/IV patients, a high postoperative CA-125 was associated with shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.024). Although CA-125 serum levels differ significantly before and after surgery in early and advanced-stage ovarian cancer and preoperative CA-125 values correlate with surgical outcome in advanced-stage disease, we could not determine a preoperative cutoff value for prediction of the surgical result. A prognostic relevance was only observed for postoperative CA-125 in stage III/IV patients

Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic and viral diseases of immense importance for public health. The acquisition of the genome sequence of the yellow fever and Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Aa), has enabled a comparative phylogenomic analysis of the insect immune repertoire: in Aa, the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (Ag), and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Dm). Analysis of immune signaling pathways and response modules reveals both conservative and rapidly evolving features associated with different functional gene categories and particular aspects of immune reactions. These dynamics reflect in part continuous readjustment between accommodation and rejection of pathogens and suggest how innate immunity may have evolved.This article is from Science 316 (2007): 1738–1743, doi:10.1126/science.1139862.</p

Immunity-related genes and gene families in Anopheles gambiae

We have identified 242 Anopheles gambiae genes from 18 gene families implicated in innate immunity and have detected marked diversification relative to Drosophila melanogaster. Immune-related gene families involved in recognition, signal modulation, and effector systems show a marked deficit of orthologs and excessive gene expansions, possibly reflecting selection pressures from different pathogens encountered in these insects' very different life-styles. In contrast, the multifunctional Toll signal transduction pathway is substantially conserved, presumably because of counterselection for developmental stability. Representative expression profiles confirm that sequence diversification is accompanied by specific responses to different immune challenges. Alternative RNA splicing may also contribute to expansion of the immune repertoire