Prime Coloring of Crossing Number Zero Graphs

In this paper, prime coloring and its chromatic number of some crossing number zero graphs are depicted and its results are vali-dated with few theorems. Prime Coloring is defined as G be a loop less and Without multiple edges with n distinct Vertices on Color class C={c1,c2,c3,…..cn} a bijection ψ:V {c1,c2,c3,…..cn} if for each edge e = cicj ,i≠j , gcd{ ψ (ci), ψ (cj)}=1, ψ (ci) and ψ (cj) receive distinct Colors. The Chromatic number of Prime coloring is minimum cardinality taken by all the Prime colors. It is denoted by η (G)

The impact of pressure die casting process parameters on mechanical properties and its defects of A413 aluminium alloy

The objective taken in consideration towards this research is to bring about a model that consisting of an effective process that helps in developing towards the map process parameters of quality characteristics of a diesel engine head of aluminium alloy. Multi response optimization was carried out to predict and analyze the mechanical properties of A413 aluminium alloy that was produced utilizing the pressure die casting process. The injection pressure (A) Kgf/cm2, shot velocity (B) m/s and furnace temperature (C) °C were taken in selection as the parameters that were influenced the output responses such as micro-hardness (MH) and surface roughness (Ra). The value of 0,607 was met at a high desirability in the objective of multi response optimization

A Study on Thyroid Dysfunction among Patient undergoing Amiodarone Therapy in Tertiary Care Centre

INTRODUCTION: Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic drug that is used to treat ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. It is a benzofuran-derived, iodine-rich compound with some structural similarity to thyroxine (T4). Amiodarone induces predictable changes in thyroid function tests that are largely explicable in terms of the physiological effects of iodide excess and inhibition of deiodinase activity. Clinically relevant thyroid dysfunction is not uncommon during amiodarone therapy, and requires careful diagnosis and treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To find out the prevalence of Thyroid dysfunction among patient undergoing amiodarone therapy. 2. To find out the associated risk factors with Thyroid dysfunction among patient undergoing Amiodarone therapy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We conducted study in the chengalpattu medical college among the patients attending cardiology opd. Around 200 subjects were included in this study.all the patients are investigated for thyroid profile and other blood tests and detailed history recorded based on the standard proforma. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: Overall prevalence of thyroid dysfunction corresponds to 27% among the 200 population studied. 1. Subclinical Hypothyroidism 9.5%, 2. Clinical Hypothyroidism 2.5%, 3. Thyrotoxicosis 8.5%, 4. Subclinical thyrotoxicosis 6.5%. Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis occurs predominantly in low iodine intake individual. Diabetes Mellitus when coexist with Amiodarone treated patients Thyroid dysfunction is more common. Thyroid dysfunction is common among supraventricular tacharrhythmia with amiodarone compared to ventricular tachyarrhythmia with amiodarone. Dyspnoea is acommon clinical symptom among thyroid dysfunction patient but asymptomatic patients are even higher suggesting to do screening thyroid function routinely in all individual. As Amiodarone dosage increases the chance of thyroid dysfunction increases. Duration of Amiodarone therapy in our study includes 24 months and hypothyroidism occurs predominantly within 15 months and hyperthyroidism occurs predominantly after 15 months. Hypothyroidism is more common in female sex, whereas hyperthyroidism occurs almost equally in both sexes in our study. Age is not a significant risk factor in the development of thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to do thyroid function test in patients undergoing amiodarone therapy more than 3 months duration and follow up them if warrented. In our study all the patient with hypothyroidism were started on levothyroxine treatment and all hyperthyroidism were started on antithyroid drugs and all of them referred to get Endocrinology opinion for further management. Thyroid dysfunction is very common in our part of country; since our geographical area is mixed with iodine deficient and iodine sufficient population, it is very important to do thyroid function test among patient undergoing chronic Amiodarone Therapy; still larger studies are needed in this area as it is first study in our population ,to become it generalised

On roughness measurement by angular speckle correlation

In this work, the influence of both characteristics of the lens and misalignment of the incident beams on roughness measurement is presented. To investigate how the focal length and diameter affect the degree of correlation between the speckle patterns, a set of experiments with different lenses is performed. On the other hand, the roughness when the beams separated by an amount are non-coincident at the same point on the sample is measured. To conclude the study, the uncertainty of the method is calculated

Measurement, modeling and evaluation of surface parameter using capacitive-sensor-based measurement system

Surface roughness parameter prediction and evaluation are important factors in determining the satisfactory performance of machined surfaces in many fields. The recent trend towards the measurement and evaluation of surface roughness has led to renewed interest in the use of newly developed non-contact sensors. In the present work, an attempt has been made to measure the surface roughness parameter of different machined surfaces using a high sensitivity capacitive sensor. A capacitive response model is proposed to predict theoretical average capacitive surface roughness and compare it with the capacitive sensor measurement results. The measurements were carried out for 18 specimens using the proposed capacitive-sensor-based non-contact measurement setup. The results show that surface roughness values measured using a sensor well agree with the model output. For ground and milled surfaces, the correlation coefficients obtained are high, while for the surfaces generated by shaping, the correlation coefficient is low. It is observed that the sensor can effectively assess the fine and moderate rough-machined surfaces compared to rough surfaces generated by a shaping process. Furthermore, a linear regression model is proposed to predict the surface roughness from the measured average capacitive roughness. It can be further used in on-machine measurement, on-line monitoring and control of surface roughness in the machine tool environment

The impact of pressure die casting process parameters on mechanical properties and its defects of A413 aluminium alloy

The objective taken in consideration towards this research is to bring about a model that consisting of an effective process that helps in developing towards the map process parameters of quality characteristics of a diesel engine head of aluminium alloy. Multi response optimization was carried out to predict and analyze the mechanical properties of A413 aluminium alloy that was produced utilizing the pressure die casting process. The injection pressure (A) Kgf/cm2, shot velocity (B) m/s and furnace temperature (C) °C were taken in selection as the parameters that were influenced the output responses such as micro-hardness (MH) and surface roughness (Ra). The value of 0,607 was met at a high desirability in the objective of multi response optimization

Study of Turning process with Minimum Qquantity Lubrication (MQL) using Nano-cutting fluids

The cutting fluid is important in any metal cutting operation, for chilling the cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece, by  lube the tool-workpiece interface and removing chips from the cutting zone. Freshly, many researchers have been  focusing on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) among the many methods existing on the  application of the coolant as  it reduces the usage of coolant by jetting a mixture of compressed air and cutting fluid in an improved way instead of flood  cooling. The MQL method has been incontestable to be appropriate as it fulfills the requirement of ‘green’ machining. In the  current study, firstly, various lubrication methods were introduced which are used in machining processes, and then, basic  machining processes used in manufacturing industries in turning.   The comprehensive reappraisal of various nanofluids (NFs) used as lubricants by different researchers for machining process is  presented. Based on the  studies, it can be concluded that utilizing NFs as coolant and lubricant lead to lower tool temperature, tool wear, higher surface  quality, and less biology dangers. However, the high cost of nanoparticles, need for devices, agglomeration, and deposit are  still challenges for the NF applications in metalworking operations. At last, the article identifies the opportunities for using NFs as  lubricants in the future. It should be stated that this work offers a clear guideline for utilizing MQL and MQL-nanofluid  approaches in turning processes. This guideline shows the physical, tribological, and heat transfer mechanisms associated  with employing such cooling/lubrication approaches and their effects on different machining quality characteristics such as tool  wear, surface integrity, and cutting forces

A New Approach to Spindle Radial Error Evaluation Using a Machine Vision System

The spindle rotational accuracy is one of the important issues in a machine tool which affects the surface topography and dimensional accuracy of a workpiece. This paper presents a machine-vision-based approach to radial error measurement of a lathe spindle using a CMOS camera and a PC-based image processing system. In the present work, a precisely machined cylindrical master is mounted on the spindle as a datum surface and variations of its position are captured using the camera for evaluating runout of the spindle. The Circular Hough Transform (CHT) is used to detect variations of the centre position of the master cylinder during spindle rotation at subpixel level from a sequence of images. Radial error values of the spindle are evaluated using the Fourier series analysis of the centre position of the master cylinder calculated with the least squares curve fitting technique. The experiments have been carried out on a lathe at different operating speeds and the spindle radial error estimation results are presented. The proposed method provides a simpler approach to on-machine estimation of the spindle radial error in machine tools

Measurement of Membrane Displacement with a Motionless Camera Equipped with a Fixed Focus Lens

The paper presents a technique for measuring membrane displacements with one motionless camera. The method consists in measuring the distance to an object based on one image obtained from a motionless camera with a fixed-focus lens. The essence of the proposed measurement technique is to determine changes of the distance between a membrane and a video camera based on analysis of changes in the focus view of a marker placed on the membrane plane. It is proven that the used technique allows to monitor the frequency and amplitude of the membrane vibration. The tests were performed for the oscillation frequency in the range from 0.5 Hz to 6 Hz and deviations from the neutral position in the range of ±3 mm