GIS-based palaeogeographical reconstructions of the Baltic Sea shores in Estonia and adjoining areas during the Stone Age

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneLäänemeremaadest on leitud palju kiviaegseid asulakohti, mille arheoloogiline leiumaterjal viitab rannasidusale elatusviisile, kuid mis asuvad tänapäeval merest kaugel. Käesolevas doktoritöös rekonstrueeriti meretaseme muutused, paleorannavööndid ja –maastikud kiviaegsete asulakohtade ümbruses Narva-Lauga klindilahes, Tallinna kesklinnas ja Ruhnu saarel, et välja selgitada nende asulakohtade paiknemine omaaegses maastikus. Selleks kasutati geoinfosüsteemipõhist lähenemist, milles korreleeriti ruumiliselt ja ajaliselt mitmed loodusteaduslikud ning arheoloogilised andmestikud. Paleogeograafiliste rekonstruktsioonide alusel leiti, et Narva-Lauga piirkonnas oli kiviaegne küttide-kalurite-korilaste asustus seotud seal u. 7000-5000 aastat tagasi eksisteerinud ulatusliku laguuni kallastega. Ruhnu saarel rajati u. 7200 ja 6200 aastat tagasi kiviaegsed jahilaagrid otse rannavööndisse, vaid mõne meetri võrra meretasemest kõrgemale. Samuti Tallinna kesklinnas Vabaduse väljaku alal 5000 aasta eest, mis sel ajal moodustas osa avatud lahe rannast. Rekonstruktsioonid näitasid, et asustusmuster muutus u. 4700 aastat tagasi, mil asulakohti hakati rajama sisemaale seoses üleminekuga põlluharimisele ja karjakasvatusele. Töö tulemused kinnitavad loodusteaduslike andmete ja geoinformaatiliste meetoditega arheoloogilisi hüpoteese Eesti ja lähialade kiviaegse asustuse paiknemise kohta, täpsustavad rannasidusa elatusviisiga ajajärgu kestust ning kiviaja inimeste elupaigaeelistusi ja kohastumust erinevat tüüpi rannikutel. Seeläbi aitab töö kaasa kultuuripärandi tõlgendamisele ja väärtustamisele.In the Baltic Sea region many Stone Age settlement sites have been found, which show evidence for shore-connected habitation, but are presently located far from the seashore. In this thesis, past sea level changes and palaeolandscapes around Stone Age settlement sites in Narva-Luga lowland, Tallinn city centre and on Ruhnu Island were reconstructed in order to define the location of the settlements compared to their contemporary shoreline and coastal setting. Geographic information system approach was used for palaeogeographical modelling based on spatio-temporal correlation of datasets originating from several natural science and archaeological research disciplines. Palaeogeographical reconstructions show that in Narva-Luga area hunter-fisher-gatherer settlements were located on the shores of a large lagoon, which existed there c. 7000-5000 years ago. On Ruhnu Island hunting and fishing camps were established directly in the beach zone, only a few metres above sea level at about 7200 and 6200 years ago. Similarly, in Tallinn, 5000 years ago a camp was established on the beach of the wide palaeo-bay, which shore crossed the city centre at that time. The reconstructions showed that this settlement pattern changed c. 4700 years ago, when areas away from the coast were chosen for habitation, indicating a shift in subsistence strategy towards farming. Using data of natural sciences and methods of geoinformatics, the results of this thesis prove archaeological hypotheses about Stone Age settlement pattern and preferred settlement locations, specify the period of the shore-bound habitation and adaption of Stone Age people on different types of coasts. Thus this study contributes to interpretation and valuation of cultural heritage

(Mrs.) Rosemary Muru. to Mr. Meredith (10 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/2105/thumbnail.jp

Detection of WHIM structure candidates in the SDSS spectroscopic survey

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5151704*es

Thoughts on Water

A review of Cecilia Ming Si Chen,  Janine MacLeod and Astrida Neimanis (eds), Thinking with Water (McGill-Queens University Press, 2013)

Assessing the reliability of the Bisous filament finder

Aims. This work provides an analysis of how the galaxy number density of the input data affects the filaments detected with the Bisous filament finder and gives estimates of the reliability of the method itself to assess the robustness of the results. Methods. We applied the Bisous filament finder to MultiDark-Galaxies data, using various magnitude cuts from the catalogue to study the effects of different galaxy number densities on the results and different parameters of the model. We compared the structures by the fraction of galaxies in filaments and the volume filled by filaments, and we analysed the similarities between the results from different cuts based on the overlap between detected filamentary structures. The filament finder was also applied to the exact same data 200 times with the same parameters to study the stochasticity of the results and the correlation between different runs was calculated. Results. Multiple samples show that galaxies in filaments have preferentially higher luminosity. We found that when a galaxy is in a filament there is a 97% chance that the same galaxy would be in a filament with even more complete input data and about 85% of filaments are persistent when detecting the filamentary network with higher-density input data. Lower galaxy number density inputs mean the Bisous model finds fewer filaments, but the filaments found are persistent even if we use more complete input data for the detection. We calculated the correlation coefficient between 200 Bisous runs on the exact same input, which is 0.98. Conclusions. This study confirms that increased number density of galaxies is important to obtain a more complete picture of the cosmic web. To overcome the limitation of the spectroscopic surveys, we will develop the Bisous model further to apply this tool to combined spectroscopic and narrow-band photometric redshift surveys, such as the J-PAS.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in A&

Using photometric redshift data to improve the detection of galactic filaments with the Bisous model

Filament finders are limited, among other things, by the abundance of spectroscopic redshift data. As there are proportionally more photometric redshift data than spectroscopic, we aim to use photometric data to improve and expand the areas where we can detect the large-scale structure of the Universe. We present a proof of concept, showing that the Bisous filament finder can improve the detected filamentary network with photometric redshift data. We created mock data from the MultiDark-Galaxies catalogue. Galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts were given exact positions from the simulation. Galaxies with photometric redshifts were given uncertainties along one coordinate. The errors were generated with different Gaussian distributions for different samples. There are three different types of samples: spectroscopic only, photometric only, and mixed samples of galaxies with photometric and spectroscopic redshifts. In photometric-only samples, the larger the uncertainty for photometric redshifts, the fewer filaments are detected, and the filaments strongly align along the line of sight. Using mixed samples improves the number of filaments detected and decreases the alignment bias of those filaments. The results are compared against the full spectroscopic sample. The recall for photometric-only samples depends heavily on the size of uncertainty and dropped close to 20%; for mixed samples, the recall stayed between 40% and 80%. The false discovery rate stayed below 5% in every sample tested in this work. Mixed samples showed better results than corresponding photometric-only or spectroscopic-only samples for every uncertainty size and number of spectroscopic galaxies in mixed samples. Mixed samples of galaxies with photometric and spectroscopic redshifts help us to improve and extend the large-scale structure further than possible with only spectroscopic samples.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A

Kaasasündinud südamerikete geneetilised põhjused

Kaasasündinud südamerike (KSSR) on üks levinum kaasasündinud arengurike, mille tekkes on oluline roll geneetilistel teguritel. Pärilikud KSSRid jaotatakse sündroomseteks ja mittesündroomseteks. Põhjused võivad olla nii kromosomaalsed (nt Downi sündroom, Williamsi sündroom), ühe geeni häired (nt Allagille’i sündroom) kui ka mitmetegurilised (pärilik eelsoodumus). Diagnostikaks on võimalik kasutada tsütogeneetilist uuringut, FISH-analüüsi, molekulaarseid teste geenimutatsioonide tuvastamiseks ning ka fenotüübi uuringut. Mittesündroomsed KSSRid on geneetiliselt väga heterogeensed. Seoses südamerikete esinemisega on avastatud umbes 20 erinevat geeni. KSSRi ravis võib rikke geneetilisest põhjusest sõltuda selle prognoos ja kliiniline kulg, hinnang kordusriskile, samuti vajadus perekonna teiste liikmete testimiseks ning sünnieelseks diagnostikaks. Eesti Arst 2008; 87(5):367−37