The characteristic tranquility of mudbanks. A clue to form them artiflcially-a hypothesis

The natural format ion of mudbanks (Chagaras) at certain locations along the Kera'a coast during The southwest monsoon is a well known phenomenon, an insight into the scientific reasons of the Varying tranquility of a spectrum of mud banks gives a clue as to how to form them artificially. The Clue, born of experience in the fields is described here. With appropriate engineering design of Devices the hypothesis may prove to be a useful proposition serving the cause of coastal fishermen Who make their living by operating canoes for fishing from the neritic wate

Ocean Currents

Looking at the sea one sees the ripples on the surface and the rolling waves, but a more keen observant sees that more portions on the shore arc submerged at times and exposed at other times owing to the rise and fall of sea surface, the tidal influence brought about by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon on the oceans. What one fails to notice is that the body of water is in constant flowing motion; this becomes obvious when one watches some debris floating on the surface. This movement of water is known as •current. Some of these currents are so enormous in extent that the Amazon could be found a rivulet. The speed of movement varies from a few meters per hour to several knots

Determination of harmonic coefficients without the aid of conventional analytical schemes

Harmonic analysis converts periodic function into waves of primary frequency and higher harmonics. Analytical schemes, in the past, were developed to determine the harmonic coefficients. As all the waves at a time pass through each of the ordinates which are at their respective positions along the primary period, the arithmatic sum of the amplitudes put together at the time of passing through an ordinate is made equal to that ordinate, or atleast in the practical way, the sum of the amplitudes at each ordinate tends to be equal to that ordinate. This view makes it possible to find the harmonic coefficients from the selected ordinates. And thus, the coefficients could be directly determined without adopting any analytical scheme. The new method of detemining harmonic coefficients is applied to SST observations of the Bay of Port Blair. The SST observations were conducted from on board FORV Sugar Sampada during September 29th (18 Hrs) to 24 Hrs. on 30th September, 1988 at hourly intervals. The theoretically evaluated SST values from harmonic coefficients were found to be closer to the observed values

Characteristics of neritic waters along the west coast of India with respect to upwelling, dissolved oxygen & zooplankton biomass

Assuming temperature of the water layer at 50' m depth along the shore as an inverse index of upwelling. zooplankton biomass of the pelagic waters off the west coast of India in relatitm to upwelling intensi ty is studied. Productive value of upwelling, is reflected in the abundance of biomass of the total zooplankton. At mu('h higher intensity of upwelling, the waters are very much depleted with respect to dissolved oxygen. Temporal and spatial lag of occurrence of zooplankton with upwelling is noticed in the analysis. Upwelling and plankton production take place earlier in the southern part of the coastline than in the northern

Studies of fisheries with the causative environmental factors - optimum utilisation of FORV Sagar Sampada’s capabilities

Retaining the multidisciplinary character of research, FORV Sagar Sampada cruises got evolved into species-wise and sector-wise investigations to obtain complete cyclic pictures of species and sectors over seasons round the year for the EEZ waters of India. The paper aims at further transformation of the system of her cruises into problem-oriented investigations. Specific problems in pelagic fisheries of the waters around India are reasoned out for effective utilization of the unique sea-lab, the FORV Sagar Sampada. A rethinking is needed in planning and implementation of cruise programmes towards achieving realistic synthesis of studies of fisheries with the causative environmental factors

Active cell hypothesis

In some waters (water masses, in general) and in the sea, phytoplankton cell count is more but primary production is less. It is the opposite in some other water masses where grazing by zooplankton and fish is attributed for the less count. More count and less production result in poor quality of water

Studies of upwelling along the West Coast of India using geopotential anomaly

As summer is the season of mixing: and winter the season of stratification in the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, summer minus winter dynamic depth. which takes into account the integrated effects of temperature, salinity and pressure is considered to reveal regional differences of the intensity of upwelling: relative to winter situation. The areas of intensive upwelling a r e thus identified. Stabilities of water layers during summer are examined with respect to those during winter

Some three dimensional elasto-dynamic solutions of layered shells

Three dimensional solutions for natural frequencies and mode shapes of layered composite shells obtained by using the finite layer method, are presented in this paper. Higher order theories for laminated shells are discussed

Clinical profile of patients with hypertensive emergencies in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Hypertensive emergency is defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥120 mmHg with acute target organ damage. Hypertensive emergencies can be life threatening and fatal unless timely treated. In the present study we aim to study the clinical profile and outcome of patients admitted with hypertensive emergency in the medical intensive care unit in our hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of all cases with hypertensive emergency admitted in Medical Intensive care unit (ICU) in Government General Hospital, Srikakulam during the study period was conducted. The clinical profile and outcome of the patients were assessed. Results: Out of the fifty patients in the present study, about 36 (72%) were males and 14 were females (28%) and about one third of the patients (36%) belonged to the age group of 60-69 years. Diabetes mellitus (30%) and dyslipidemia (40%) were the commonly encountered comorbidities in the study population. Most frequent presenting symptoms were neurological deficits (50%) followed by dyspnoea (32%) and chest pain (24%). Intracerebral haemorrhage was the commonest target organ damage found in 30% of the patients. Patients presenting with hypertensive emergencies with neurological target organ damage had statistically significant increased chance of mortality (p=0.007). Conclusions: As hypertension emergencies are consequence of uncontrolled hypertension, it is important to educate and bring awareness among public regarding the screening, early detection, and adherence to prescribed medication for hypertension to avoid adverse clinical outcomes

A simple slide device for the use of vertical profile studies in oceanography

Much time has to be spent for studying the vertical profiles if on^ adopts the conventional means of plotting the data on graph sheets. Moreover, a good number of graph sheets are required in case the data are voluminous. A slide device would be quite useful for such studies. Such a device designed and fabricated by the author for particular use in oceanography, is described here