Quality of United States and Bangladesh Shrimp Due to Growth and Post-harvest Practices

Shrimp is one of the most consumed and traded seafood, and due to its high demand, consumers depend on both wild caught and farmed products. Post-harvest practices can greatly affect health, safety, and quality, and the goal of this project was to study the effects of chemicals, bacteria, and antibiotics on shrimp from Louisiana and Bangladesh. Quality changes (proximate composition, color, texture and total plate count of bacteria) in shrimp from Louisiana (Farfantepenaeus aztecus and Litopenaeus setiferus) and Bangladesh (Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were determined due to the application of melanosis preventing compounds (sulfite powder, Everfresh® and Xyrex® Prawnfresh™). Sulfite residue in shrimp was determined, and the shrimp were tested for the presence of harmful bacteria. The presence of antimicrobial drugs residue (oxytetracycline, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolone and malachite green) in aquacultured imported shrimp was also determined. Finally, the soil and shrimp of shrimp farms in Bangladesh were examined for the presence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. There was no effect of melanosis prevention on proximate composition and total plate count. There was no effect of treatment on color, hardness, resilience and chewiness compared with control shrimp. While sulfite residue was found in shrimp, it was under the FDA limit (less than 100 ppm). However, sulfite was not included in the ingredient list as required by law on any packaging. Vibrio fluvialis was found both in wild caught F. aztecus and L. setiferus, and Pseudomonas luteola was found in F. aztecus. In Bangladesh, Eshcherichia coli, Proteus pennari, Enterobacter aerogenous, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Eshcherichia fergusonii, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter xiangfangensis and Aeromonas dhakensis were detected from market shrimp. For antibiotic residue tests, out of 42 samples 30 were positive for nitrofurantoin, 1 for malachite green, 1 for oxytetracycline, and 7 for fluoroquinolone. For antibiotic resistant bacteria determination, four species of bacteria were identified: Proteus pennari, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae and Plesiomonas shigelloides. Some bacterial strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, gentamycin, azithromycin, and vancomycin. Results of this study provided information about how grow out, postharvest handling, and treatment of shrimp affects quality and food safety

Effect of Yarn Linear Density and Thread Density on the Air Permeability of Light- to Medium-Weight Plain Woven Fabric Derivatives Used as Summer Shirting Fabrics

This article presents the results of an analysis of the air permeability behaviour of shirting fabrics. Woven fabrics comprising derivatives of plain fabric, such as voile, poplin and canvas, were selected. The fabrics were made from 100% cotton, and blends of 50% polyester and 50% cotton. Light-weight fabrics, such as voile, had the highest air permeability and are suitable for summer shirting fabrics, while canvas fabrics had the lowest air permeability and are suitable for winter shirting fabrics. Finally, 100% cotton poplin fabrics are more comfortable than polyester/cotton poplin for summer shirting fabrics

Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Shrimp and Shrimp Farms of Bangladesh

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Salmonella and Vibrio species, and their antimicrobial resistance in shrimp aquaculture facilities of Bagerhat (Bangladesh). Sediment samples were collected from both Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii farms and shrimp samples from the Macrobrachium rosenbergii facility. The abovementioned bacteria were not found, but five Enterobacterales (Proteus penneri, Proteus alimentorum, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis and Plesiomonas shigelloides) were detected. This is the first documented case of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis in a shrimp farm. Nine antibiotics—ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and co-trimoxazole—were selected for antibiotic resistance testing, and the majority (88.9%) had at least one isolate that was resistant. Across sources, 78.0% of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and multidrug resistance was also detected in 29.3% of all isolates. Despite the low number of samples analyzed, nine in total, the results of this experiment emphasize that shrimp farms in Bagerhat may have a problem with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This could have negative impacts on shrimp quality and consumers’ health

Use of Urban Open-waterbody to Enhance Fish Production through Cage Culture

The purpose of the experiment was to examine the effect of cage fish culture on the growth and production performances of Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis), Pabda (Ompok pabda) and Gulsha (Mystus cavasius). The stocking density for each fish species was 100 fish/m3. Cages with Shing, Pabda and Gulsha were treated as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Fishes were fed with artificial diet at the rate of 5-10% of body weight. The experiment was carried out in cages in the Beel from June to November 2019. The study revealed that water quality parameters were not varied significantly (p > 0.05) among the treatments. The growth and production performance were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for Pabda cage culture followed by Gulsha and Shing cultures in cages. Therefore, the total net return (BDT 17,028) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for Pabda fish considering cost benefit analysis. It was concluded that, among the three different fish species, high-valued Pabda is highly acceptable candidate for cage farming in Belai Beel area and cage farming in urban open waterbodies is a promising approach to increase the total fish production to improve the social and economic status of fish farmers. [J Bangladesh Agril Univ 2023; 21(1.000): 75-85

Heavy Metal Pollution Reduced the Potentiality of Pen Culture in the Wetland Aquaculture in an Urban Area of Bangladesh

The Belai beel serves as an important aquatic resource for the livelihood of the local community of the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. However, water pollution in recent times, mainly from industrial wastes and sewage effluents, may disrupt its aquatic environment. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the potential area of pen fish culture in the Belai beel. The study was performed in the Rajbagan (L1), Kamaria (L2) and Rewla (L3) areas of the Belai beel. Grass carp, silver carp, common carp, catla and rui of 20–30 cm in size were stocked at a rate of 15,000 fish/ha and reared for 150 days in pens installed in the L1, L2 and L3 areas, respectively. The fishes were fed with mustard oil cake and rice bran. Maximum fish production was found in Rewla (12.97 ton/ha/150 days) compared to Rajbagan (8.85 ton/ha/150 days) and Kamaria (10.67 ton/ha/150 days) due to it having comparatively good quality water. There were significant differences in metal ion concentrations (p < 0.05) among the three fish pens. In the Rajbagan area, concentrations of Cd and Cu in the water coming from the industrial effluent canal exceeded the acceptable limit. Results indicated that the Rewla area was better than Rajbagan and Kamaria due to it having relatively good quality water for pen fish culture

Heavy Metal Pollution Reduced the Potentiality of Pen Culture in the Wetland Aquaculture in an Urban Area of Bangladesh

The Belai beel serves as an important aquatic resource for the livelihood of the local community of the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. However, water pollution in recent times, mainly from industrial wastes and sewage effluents, may disrupt its aquatic environment. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the potential area of pen fish culture in the Belai beel. The study was performed in the Rajbagan (L1), Kamaria (L2) and Rewla (L3) areas of the Belai beel. Grass carp, silver carp, common carp, catla and rui of 20&ndash;30 cm in size were stocked at a rate of 15,000 fish/ha and reared for 150 days in pens installed in the L1, L2 and L3 areas, respectively. The fishes were fed with mustard oil cake and rice bran. Maximum fish production was found in Rewla (12.97 ton/ha/150 days) compared to Rajbagan (8.85 ton/ha/150 days) and Kamaria (10.67 ton/ha/150 days) due to it having comparatively good quality water. There were significant differences in metal ion concentrations (p &lt; 0.05) among the three fish pens. In the Rajbagan area, concentrations of Cd and Cu in the water coming from the industrial effluent canal exceeded the acceptable limit. Results indicated that the Rewla area was better than Rajbagan and Kamaria due to it having relatively good quality water for pen fish culture

Exploring fish in a new way: A review on non-food industrial applications of fish

From ancient times fish has always been considered as an important human food item. The purpose of this article is to introduce the perception that beside consumption, fish can also be used as a raw material for the industrial production of different products. In this article such 19 products have been described. Among them, the conventional fish products described herein include isinglass, pituitary gland, chitin, chitosan, pearl essence, fish skin leather, fish protein hydrolysates and concentrates, fish meal and scrap, fish oil, collagen, gelatin, glue, fish silage, pet food and wet feed from fish, fish fertilizer and compost. These products have important applications in aquaculture, agriculture, food, cosmetics and other industries. Different non-conventional hi-tech fish products has been reported such as novel antimicrobial proteins from skin mucus, enzymes, insulin, protamine, blood proteins, salcotonin, antifreeze proteins, hydroxyapatite, burn treatment bandage, albumins, fishbone calcium powder, biochar, biopolymer, bioplastics, fish industry derived rinse water recovery. These products have many significant applications in chemical, biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Economical, logistic, environmental and technological considerations from fish waste valorization perspectives has also been presented to evaluate feasibility of industrial-scale production of these products

Dominant phytoplankton groups as the major source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for hilsa Tenualosa ilisha in the Meghna estuary Bangladesh

The tropical estuarine ecosystem is fascinating for studying the dynamics of water quality and phytoplankton diversity due to its frequently changing hydrological conditions. Most importantly, phytoplankton is the main supplier of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the coastal food web for fish as they could not synthesize PUFA. This study evaluated seasonal variations of water quality parameters in the Meghna River estuary (MRE), explored how phytoplankton diversity changes according to hydro-chemical parameters, and identified the major phytoplankton groups as the main source of PUFA for hilsa fish. Ten water quality indicators including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = nitrate, nitrite, ammonia) and phosphorus, dissolved silica and chlorophyll-a were evaluated. In addition, phytoplankton diversity was assessed in the water and hilsa fish gut. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in the water quality conditions, and the driving factors in the MRE. Four main components were extracted and explained 75.4% variability of water quality parameters. The most relevant driving factors were dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, and DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonia). These variabilities in physicochemical parameters and dissolved inorganic nutrients caused seasonal variations in two major groups of phytoplankton. Peak abundance of Chlorophyta (green algae) occurred in water in nutrient-rich environments (nitrogen and phosphorus) during the wet (36%) season, while Bacillariophyta (diatoms) were dominant during the dry (32%) season that depleted dissolved silica. Thus, the decrease of green algae and the increase of diatoms in the dry season indicated the potential link to seasonal changes of hydro-chemical parameters. The green algae (53.7%) were the dominant phytoplankton group in the hilsa gut content followed by diatoms (22.6%) and both are contributing as the major source of PUFAs for hilsa fish according to the electivity index as they contain the highest amounts of PUFAs (60 and 28% respectively)

Potential Leaching of Hazardous Metal Ions From Soldered Orthodontic Appliance

ABSTRACT Orthodontic soldered appliances used in a dynamic environment of the oral cavity may undergo corrosion process hence exposing patients to possible toxic effect of metal ions released from the process. This exploratory study aimed to assess and compare the leaching potential of hazardous metal ions from two types of silver soldered orthodontic appliance and to determine the conformity of the leached metal ions with the established health and safety standards published by World Health Organisation (WHO). Two types of soldered appliances (Transpalatal arch and Quad helix) were immersed in solutions with pH 2.5 to 5.5 (Hydrochloric acid) for a prolonged period of 22 weeks. The release of silver (Ag) and nickel (Ni) was determined by using a spectrophotometer. Results showed that metal ions were released the highest in the most extreme acidic condition (pH 2.5) and the pattern of metal release was dissimilar between types of metal ion and pH. There was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in the release of ions between two types of soldered appliance and some of the metal release exceeded safety value published by WHO. Leaching of metal ions from silver soldered appliance immersed in acidic solutions was observed in this study. The potential of metal toxicity carried by this appliance must be carefully considered when advocating this appliance to patients