Energy Discovery-Innovation Institutes: A Step Toward America's Energy Sustainability

Newsletter format, part of the "Blueprint for American Prosperity"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88631/1/2009_Brookings_Energy_Summary.pd

Hubs of Transformation: Leveraging the Great Lakes Research Complex for Energy Innovation

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88817/1/2010_Brookings_Hubs_of_Innovation.pd

Diploma earning differences by gender in Colombia

This paper discusses the existence of diploma earnings differences by gender in Colombia with a model of sheepskin effects based on pseudo panel data for the period 1996-2000. Our results show a significant and distinctive effect of high school and university degrees among men and women. Thus, additional earnings associated with a high school degree are higher for women than for men, while additional earnings associated with a university degree are higher for men compared to women in Colombia in the period under consideration

On the size of sheepskin effects : a meta-analysis

We use information gathered from 122 studies on the effects of high school degrees on wages in different countries worldwide to carry out a meta-analysis that shows high school degrees have a statistically significant effect on wages of nearly 8%. This effect varies either when the review is made in countries away from the tropics or when factors such as sex, race, and continent are taken into account. Our results also reveal the existence of a publication bias that tends to increase the magnitude of the sheepskin effect. Nevertheless, when the former is included into the analysis the later remains statistically significant

A cohort-based analysis of the influence of minimum wage levels on labour force participation in the informal sector : quantitative and substitution effects

The authors are thankful for the valuable suggestions of Ximena Dueñas and Luisa Fernanda Bernat at Icesi University, and those who attended the IARIW and CLADEA Conferences. Jhon James Mora acknowledges Icesi University and The National Institute of Science and Technology in Colombia (COLCIENCIAS) for their financial assistance. All remaining errors are ownThis paper discuses the effect of the minimum wage level on the decision to join the informal job sector. We estimate a pseudo panel of the engagement in the informal sector using an IV-probit. The findings show that an increase in the minimum wage level leads to a substitution effect between young and older workers. This results show that the standards effects over the labor market in the WGM segmented model are moderate because an increase of the minimum wage level does not imply total mobility between sectors

The Long Run Wage-Employment Elasticity: Evidence from Colombia

Hace algunos años, un conjunto de artículos mostró que la relación entre incrementos salariales y subida del desempleo no es clara en USA. Esta evidencia procedente de USA fue relevante para que Stiglitz opinara que la subida de un 22% del salario mínimo en España no provocaría una reducción del empleo en el año 2018. En nuestra opinión, la evidencia en USA es insuficiente para considerar que esta recomendación puede aplicarse sin más a todos los países, cualesquiera que sean sus circunstancias, Diferencias en regulaciones, instituciones y sistemas de bienestar -en especial en el seguro de desempleo-, entre otras, pueden producir alrededor del mundo diferentes resultados a los evidenciados en USA. Colombia como país en desarrollo, con instituciones que difieren de las de USA tanto en diseño como en su práctica cotidiana, es un buen ejemplo para apreciar los posibles contrastes existentes. En este artículo, analizamos los efectos sobre la demanda de empleo de una elevación de los salarios a partir de información de Colombia. Nuestro meta-análisis muestra que a largo plazo la subida de los salarios en un 1% causa una caída del 0.11% del empleo. Estos resultados son robustos aun cuando se tienen en cuenta los posibles sesgos de publicación.Several years ago, many articles showed that the relationship between wage increases and unemployment rise is not clear in the USA. This USA evidence was important to determine the recommendation of Stiglitz that a 22% increase of the minimum wage in Spain will not reduce the employment in 2018. To our view, the USA evidence is insufficient to consider that this advice can be extended to all countries. Differences in regulations, institutions and welfare systems –mainly unemployment insurance-, among others, may produce around the world different results to the expected outcome in the USA that an increase of the real wages does not provoke an unemployment rise. Colombia as a developing country, with institutions that differ in design and practice from those of the USA, could be a good testing example. In this paper, we analyse the effect of a rise in wages on the demand for employment using Colombian data. Our meta-analysis shows that a 1% real wage increment causes an 0,11% employment fall in the long run. These results stand despite publication biases

A cohort-based analysis of the influence of minimum wage levels on labour force participation in the informal sector : quantitative and substitution effects

The authors are thankful for the valuable suggestions of Ximena Dueñas and Luisa Fernanda Bernat at Icesi University, and those who attended the IARIW and CLADEA Conferences. Jhon James Mora acknowledges Icesi University and The National Institute of Science and Technology in Colombia (COLCIENCIAS) for their financial assistance. All remaining errors are ownThis paper discuses the effect of the minimum wage level on the decision to join the informal job sector. We estimate a pseudo panel of the engagement in the informal sector using an IV-probit. The findings show that an increase in the minimum wage level leads to a substitution effect between young and older workers. This results show that the standards effects over the labor market in the WGM segmented model are moderate because an increase of the minimum wage level does not imply total mobility between sectors

Diploma earning differences by gender in Colombia

This paper discusses the existence of diploma earnings differences by gender in Colombia with a model of sheepskin effects based on pseudo panel data for the period 1996-2000. Our results show a significant and distinctive effect of high school and university degrees among men and women. Thus, additional earnings associated with a high school degree are higher for women than for men, while additional earnings associated with a university degree are higher for men compared to women in Colombia in the period under consideration

On the size of sheepskin effects : a meta-analysis

We use information gathered from 122 studies on the effects of high school degrees on wages in different countries worldwide to carry out a meta-analysis that shows high school degrees have a statistically significant effect on wages of nearly 8%. This effect varies either when the review is made in countries away from the tropics or when factors such as sex, race, and continent are taken into account. Our results also reveal the existence of a publication bias that tends to increase the magnitude of the sheepskin effect. Nevertheless, when the former is included into the analysis the later remains statistically significant

Investigation on Prevalence of Canine Trypanosomiasis in the Conservation Areas of Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth in Western Uganda

Nowadays, despite the instauration of several control strategies, animal trypanosomiasis continues to be reported all over Uganda. Few canine African trypanosomiasis (CAT) studies have been carried out, yet dogs are known Trypanosoma reservoirs that share identical home ranges with livestock and serve as parasite link between livestock and humans. This study evaluates the prevalence of CAT in dogs in the Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth conservation areas. This information will be useful to evaluate the possible role of dogs in the transmission cycle of Trypanosoma species in livestock and wild animals. Trypanosome tests using microhematocrit centrifugation/dark ground microscopy technique (MHCT) followed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) were performed in blood samples collected from identified indigenous dogs (n = 124). Four (3.23%) out of 124 dogs were positive for CAT. One dog was positive with Trypanosoma congolense and three with T. vivax. There was no significant statistical difference in CAT prevalence rate in relation to dog's age, sex, and site (P > 0.05). This study reports what we believe is the first time detection of T. congolense and T. vivax in the indigenous dogs found in the Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth conservation areas in western Uganda. The noticed T. congolense and T. vivax could be responsible for both canine and animal trypanosomiasis and represent a serious threat to the livestock industry. Therefore, there is a need for continuous trypanosomiasis surveillance and integrated management in contiguity to wildlife reserves