Real-world use and outcomes of dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV and tuberculosis co-infection: a site survey and cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa.

INTRODUCTION Dolutegravir is being scaled up globally as part of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but for people with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection, its use is complicated by a drug-drug interaction with rifampicin requiring an additional daily dose of dolutegravir. This represents a disadvantage over efavirenz, which does not have a major drug-drug interaction with rifampicin. We sought to describe HIV clinic practices for prescribing concomitant dolutegravir and rifampicin, and characterize virologic outcomes among patients with tuberculosis co-infection receiving dolutegravir or efavirenz. METHODS Within the four sub-Saharan Africa regions of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium, we conducted a site survey (2021) and a cohort study (2015-2021). The cohort study used routine clinical data and included patients newly initiating or already receiving dolutegravir or efavirenz at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis. Patients were followed from tuberculosis diagnosis until viral suppression (<1000 copies/ml), a competing event (switching ART regimen; loss to program/death) or administrative censoring at 12 months. RESULTS In the survey, 86 of 90 (96%) HIV clinics in 18 countries reported prescribing dolutegravir to patients who were receiving rifampicin as part of tuberculosis treatment, with 77 (90%) reporting that they use twice-daily dosing of dolutegravir, of which 74 (96%) reported having 50 mg tablets available to accommodate twice-daily dosing. The cohort study included 3563 patients in 11 countries, with 67% newly or recently initiating ART. Among patients receiving dolutegravir (n = 465), the cumulative incidence of viral suppression was 58.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.3-63.3%), switching ART regimen was 4.1% (95% CI: 2.6-6.2%) and loss to program/death was 23.4% (95% CI: 19.7-27.4%). Patients receiving dolutegravir had improved viral suppression compared with patients receiving efavirenz who had a tuberculosis diagnosis before site dolutegravir availability (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR]: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.28-1.68) and after site dolutegravir availability (aSHR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08-1.51). CONCLUSIONS At a programmatic level, dolutegravir was being widely prescribed in sub-Saharan Africa for people with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection with a dose adjustment for the drug-drug interaction with rifampicin. Despite this more complex regimen, our cohort study revealed that dolutegravir did not negatively impact viral suppression

Two-dimensional directional wavelets and the scale-angle representation

The two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is characterized by a rotation parameter, in addition to the usual translations and dilations. This enables it to detect edges and directions in images, provided a directional wavelet is used. First we briefly review the general properties of the 2-D CWT and describe several classes of wavelets, including the directional ones. Then we turn to the problem of wavelet calibration. We show, in particular, how the reproducing kernel may be used for defining and evaluating the scale and angle-resolving power of a wavelet. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of the scale-angle representation of the CWT on the problem of disentangling a train of damped plane waves

Animation and integration of material growth simulations in a visual programming environment

The two-dimensional (2-D) continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is characterized by a rotation parameter, in addition to the usual translations and dilations. This enables is to detect edges and directions in images, provided a directional wavelet is used. First we review the general properties of the 2-D CWT and describe several useful representations. We describe various classes of wavelets, including the directional ones. Then we turn to the problem of wavelet calibration, in particular, the evaluation of the scale and angle resolving power of a wavelet. Finally we discuss several applications of directional wavelets. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Two-Dimensional Directional Wavelets and the Scale-Angle Representation

The two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (CWT), derived from a square integrable representation of the similitude group of IR 2 , is characterized by a rotation parameter, in addition to the usual translations and dilations. This enables it to detect edges and directions in images, provided a directional wavelet is used. First we review the general properties of the 2D CWT and describe several classes of wavelets, including the directional ones. Then we turn to the problem of wavelet calibration. We show, in particular, how the reproducing kernel may be used for defining and evaluating the scale and angle resolving power of a wavelet. Finally we illustrate the usefulness of the scale-angle representation of the CWT on the problem of disentangling a train of damped plane waves. UCL--IPT--95--03 May 1995 3 Supported by ONR (Office of Naval Research), Grant Nr.N0014-93-10561 and by ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency), Grant Nr.MDA 972-93-1-0013 1. Introduction The wavele..

More quantum centrifugal effect in rotating frame

The behaviour of quantum systems in non-inertial frames is revisited from the point of view of affine coherent state (ACS) quantization. We restrict our approach to the one-particle dynamics confined in a rotating plane about a fixed axis. This plane is considered as punctured due to the existence of the rotation center, which is viewed as a singularity. The corresponding phase space is the affine group of the plane and the ACS quantization enables us to quantize the system by respecting the affine symmetry of the true phase space. Our formulation predicts the appearance of an additional quantum centrifugal term, besides the usual angular-momentum one, which prevents the particle to reach the singular rotation center. Moreover it helps us to understand why two different non-inertial Schrödinger equations are obtained in previous works. The validity of our equation can be confirmed experimentally by observing the harmonic oscillator bound states and the critical angular velocity for their existence

Directional wavelets revisited: Cauchy wavelets and symmetry detection in patterns

The analysis of oriented features in images requires two-dimensional directional wavelets. Among these, we study in detail the class of Cauchy wavelets, which are strictly supported in a (narrow) convex cone in spatial frequency space. They have excellent angular selectivity, as shown by a standard calibration test, and they have minimal uncertainty. In addition, we present a new application of directional wavelets, namely a technique for determining the symmetries of a given pattern with respect to rotations and dilation. (C) 1999 Academic Press