Statistics of seismic cluster durations

Using the standard ETAS model of triggered seismicity, we present a rigorous theoretical analysis of the main statistical properties of temporal clusters, defined as the group of events triggered by a given main shock of fixed magnitude m that occurred at the origin of time, at times larger than some present time t. Using the technology of generating probability function (GPF), we derive the explicit expressions for the GPF of the number of future offsprings in a given temporal seismic cluster, defining, in particular, the statistics of the cluster's duration and the cluster's offsprings maximal magnitudes. We find the remarkable result that the magnitude difference between the largest and second largest event in the future temporal cluster is distributed according to the regular Gutenberg-Richer law that controls the unconditional distribution of earthquake magnitudes. For earthquakes obeying the Omori-Utsu law for the distribution of waiting times between triggering and triggered events, we show that the distribution of the durations of temporal clusters of events of magnitudes above some detection threshold \nu has a power law tail that is fatter in the non-critical regime $n<1$ than in the critical case n=1. This paradoxical behavior can be rationalised from the fact that generations of all orders cascade very fast in the critical regime and accelerate the temporal decay of the cluster dynamics.Comment: 45 pages, 15 figure

イモ類および穀類の物理化学的特性と高度加工利用に関する研究

博士（農学）岩手大

Large magnetocaloric effect in sintered ferromagnetic EuS

We present magnetocaloric effect measurements of the ferromagnetic semiconductor EuS in the vicinity of its ordering temperature. Single phase EuS powder was synthesized by CS2 gas sulfurization of Eu2O3. A sintered compact with relative density over 95% was prepared by pulsed electric current sintering of the powder. Temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetization and specific heat were characteristic of a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic second order phase transition. The entropy change induced by an external magnetic field and the specific heat were both close to those of a single crystal. We obtained an entropy-temperature (S–T) diagram of the EuS sintered compact. Carnot cycle liquefaction of hydrogen using EuS was compared with several other materials, with results indicating that sintered EuS is an excellent magnetic refrigerant for hydrogen liquefaction. © 2016 Elsevier LtdEmbargo Period 36 month

Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction of Heavy Fermion CeRu2Si2 at Millikelvin Temperatures

金沢大学理工研究域数物科学系We have measured linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction of single crystal CeRu2Si2 that is well known as a heavy fermion metamagnetic compound. Thermal expansion and magnetostriction along the a-axis (B | a) and the c-axis (B | c) were measured by the capacitive dilatometer at temperatures down to 12 mK and in magnetic fields up to 9 T. We observed a strong anisotropy between a and c axis. In addition, negative deviations from Landau-Fermi liquid behavior for thermal expansion and magnetostriction coefficients were found below 50 mK and 0.4 T indicating non Fermi liquid behavior. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.出版社

Magnetocaloric effect, thermal conductivity, and magnetostriction of epoxy-bonded La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 hydrides

金沢大学理工研究域数物科学系Magnetic materials with large magnetocaloric effect are significantly important for magnetic refrigeration. La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 compounds are one of the promising magnetocaloric materials that have a first order magnetic phase transition. Transition temperature of hydrogenated La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 increased up to room temperature region while keeping metamagnetic transition properties. From view point of practical usage, bonded composite are very attractive and their properties are important. We made epoxy bonded La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 hydrides. Magnetocaloric effect was studied by measuring specific heat, magnetization, and temperature change in adiabatic demagnetization. The composite had about 20% smaller entropy change from the hydrogenated La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 powder in 2 T. Thermal conductivity of the composite was several times smaller than La(Fe,Si)13. The small thermal conductivity was explained due to the small thermal conductivity of epoxy. Thermal conductivity was observed to be insensitive to magnetic field in 2 T. Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the composite material were measured. The composite expanded about 0.25% when it entered into ferromagnetic phase. Magnetostriction of the composite in ferromagnetic phase was about 0.2% in 5 T and much larger than that in paramagnetic phase. The composite didn\u27t break after about 100 times magnetic field changes in adiabatic demagnetization experiment even though it has magnetostriction. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target