Location Problems on the Latiice : three facilities case

Article信州大学経済学論集 64: 27-33(2013)departmental bulletin pape

EVALUATING THE UTILITY OF EXTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ETS) AND INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER SEQUENCES (ITS) FOR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF Litsea Lam. (Lauraceae) AND RELATED GENERA

Referensi tentang hubungan filogenetik marga Litsea dan marga-marga yang berkerabat dekat masih terbatas. Pohon molekuler yang dihasilkan berdasarkan sekuens External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) dan Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) dari studi sebelumnya memperlihatkan topologi pohon yang berbeda dan beberapa klaster yang tidak memiliki nilai dukung atau nilai dukung rendah. Karena itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi penggunaan ETS wilayah DNA ribosom inti sel untuk analisis filogenetik dari Litsea dan kerabat dekatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 jenis Litsea dan 16 jenis dari marga terkait. Jenis-jenis ini sebagian besar berasal dari wilayah Malesia dan beberapa dari Jepang. Sekuensing langsung dari produk PCR tidak memungkinkan  bagi sebagian besar jenis yang diperiksa, maka dilakukan kloning untuk memperoleh sekuens ETS. Hasil sekuens ETS dibandingan dengan sekuens ITS yang diperoleh dengan sekuensing langsung dan kloning. Multikopi sekuens ETS dari setiap jenis tertentu Litsea dan marga terkait tersebar di pohon molekuler. Selain itu, sekuens ETS dari jenis yang berbeda atau bahkan berbeda marga ada yang sangat mirip atau identik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa evolusi serempak (concerted evolution) dari ETS di marga Litsea dan marga terkait belum lengkap. Akibatnya, untuk menyimpulkan hubungan filogenetik antara jenis dan marga dari kelompok tumbuhan ini berdasarkan sekuens ETS menjadi bermasalah. Sekuens ETS tidak cocok digunakan untuk memperkirakan filogeni dari marga Litsea dan marga-marga yang berkarabat dekat

Phylogeographical patterns of a generalist acorn weevil: insight into the biogeographical history of broadleaved deciduous and evergreen forests

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Climatic changes during glacial periods have had a major influence on the recent evolutionary history of living organisms, even in temperate forests on islands, where the land was not covered with ice sheets. We investigated the phylogeographical patterns of the weevil <it>Curculio sikkimensis </it>(Curculionidae), a generalist seed predator of Fagaceae plants living in both deciduous oak and evergreen forests of Japan. Its genetic structure was compared to that of another host-specific seed predator, <it>C. hilgendorfi</it>, inhabiting only evergreen forests.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We examined 921 bp of mitochondrial DNA for 115 individuals collected from 33 populations of <it>C. sikkimensis </it>from 11 plant species of three genera, <it>Quercus</it>, <it>Lithocarpus</it>, and <it>Castanopsis</it>. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that a large proportion (almost 50%, <it>P </it>< 0.001) of the total genetic variance could be explained by differences between two geographical regions, the southwestern and northeastern parts of the main islands of Japan. In contrast, no significant genetic differentiation of the weevil was observed among vegetation types of their utilized host plant species. The phylogeographical patterns of the generalist and the host-specific seed predator exhibited a congruent genetic boundary in the Chugoku-Shikoku region.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that geology and historical environment have contributed to shaping the present genetic structure of <it>C. sikkimensis</it>. The geographical patterns of genetic differentiation in the Chugoku-Shikoku region observed in the two types of Fagaceae-associated <it>Curculio </it>in this study have also been observed in several plant species growing in warm and cool temperate zones of Japan. The occurrence of this common pattern suggests that deciduous oak and evergreen forests of Japan survived together, or adjacent to each other, in small refugia during glacial ages, in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the main islands, although these two types of forests are presently distributed in cool and warm temperate zones of Japan, respectively.</p

Methylation profiles of genes utilizing newly developed CpG island methylation microarray on colorectal cancer patients

Aberrant methylation of DNA has been shown to play an important role in a variety of human cancers, developmental disorders and aging. Hence, aberrant methylation patterns in genes can be a molecular marker for such conditions. Therefore, a reliable but uncomplicated method to detect DNA methylation is preferred, not merely for research purposes but for daily clinical practice. To achieve these aims, we have established a precise system to identify DNA methylation patterns based on an oligonucleotide microarray technology. Our microarray method has an advantage over conventional methods and is unique because it allows the precise measurement of the methylation patterns within a target region. Our simple signal detection system depends on using an avidin–biotinylated peroxidase complex and does not require an expensive laser scanner or hazardous radioisotope. In this study, we applied our technique to detect promoter methylation status of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene. Our easy-handling technology provided reproducible and precise measurement of methylated CpGs in MGMT promoter and, thus, our method may bring about a potential evolution in the handling of a variety of high-throughput DNA methylation analyses for clinical purposes

GRAVITATIONAL EFFECT ON GROWTH OF InX Ga1-XSb TERNARY BULK CRYSTALS

The effect of gravity on dissolution of GaSb in InSb melt and growth of InGaSb was experimentally investigated using GaSb(seed)/InSb/GaSb(feed) sandwich samples. Two parameters were considered: (1) the inclination angle of the sample for gravity as 0&deg;, 53&deg; and 90&deg;, (2) the sample diameter (D) as 9 mm and 5mm. When &theta; =0&deg;, the interface was almost flat whereas the interfaces were strongly distorted when &theta; = 53&deg; and 90&deg;. The undissolved GaSb(feed) remained for \theta = 0 &deg;. However, it dissolved completely for &theta; = 90&deg;, and partially for &theta; = 53&deg;. As the gravitational angle was increased, the growth length of uniform composition became long. The decrease of sample diameter reduced the dissolution area of GaSb. These facts indicated that the dissolution and growth processes were strongly influenced by gravity

Preoperative oral administration of pentoxifylline ameliorates respiratory index after cardiopulmonary bypass through decreased production of IL-6

Activation of inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may lead to considerable post-operative mortality. Recently, pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to be effective in inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production. This study aimed to determine whether or not PTX prevented CPB-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Thirty adult patients were randomly separated into 2 experimental groups and 1 control group of 10 patients each. The experimental group received peroral PTX administration (Group 1: 600 mg/day, Group 2: 900 mg/day), while the control group did not. In Group 1 and Group 2, PTX administration was started on preoperative day 5 and continued for 5 days. Serum levels of PTX and IL-6 were measured just before and at 4 h after CPB using HPLC and ELISA, respectively. Respiratory index (RI) before and at 4 h after CPB was calculated, and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen on postoperative day 1 were also determined. There were no significant differences in age, body weight, sex, surgical procedures, CPB time, haemodynamics or risk factors among the 3 groups. Serum IL-6 level and RI index after CPB in Group 2 were significantly decreased compared with those in Group 1 and the control group. These results, therefore, suggested that preoperative daily administration of 900 mg/day PTX contributed to the attenuation of CPB-induced SIRS and had a beneficial effect on the postoperative course after cardiovascular surgery.</p

Numerically designed phase-mask for stellar coronagraph

Phase-mask coronagraph holds the ability to detect exoplanets very close to their parent star. We report a new kind of phase mask that performs the contrast ratio of more than the tenth power of 10 for a circular aperture with shades of a secondary mirror and spiders. The phase distribution of the phase mask is numerically obtained by making the leaked light distribute outside the transparent part of the pupil. We applied the hybrid input-output algorithm, one of phase retrieval methods, to find the phase distribution of the phase mask. We show the characteristics of thus obtained phase mask.Conference Title : Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIIConference Chair : Stuart ShaklanPlace : San Diego, California, United StatesDate : August 09, 201