Incidence of first attempt peripheral intravenous cannulation failure and its predictors among children admitted to Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: institution based cross-sectional clinical study

Background: When the first piercing is failed to function, repeated puncturing imposes pain, complications, and delays the timeliness of pediatric care. In spite of the above challenges, incidence and predictors of first attempt peripheral intravenous cannulation failure are under-investigated in the study area and the nation at large.Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of first attempt peripheral intravenous cannulation failure and its predictors among children.Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted, and a total of 422 children were included in the study.The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by direct observation and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Stata version 14 was used for analysis, and finally, the association was declared using AOR at a 95% confidence level at p≤0.05.Results: The incidence of first attempt peripheral intravenous cannulation failure rate was found to be 34.83% (132). Besides, self-payment funding, vein visibility with a tourniquet, forearm site, vein scope use, and child age of 24-59 months old were significantly associated with first attempt peripheral intravenous cannulation failure.Conclusion: Generally, self-payment funding, vein visibility with a tourniquet, forearm site, vein scope use, and child age of 24-59 months old were independent predictors of first attempt peripheral intravenous cannulation failure. Keywords: Peripheral IV cannulation; predictors; cross-sectional stud

Patterns of help-seeking behavior among people with mental illness in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundDespite the availability of evidence-based and effective treatments, significant numbers of people living with mental illness do not receive treatment or do not seek help from providers of formal modern treatment. Although numerous primary studies have been conducted on patterns of help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness with respect to modern therapy, the evidence has not been aggregated nationwide. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate pooled data on patterns of help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness in Ethiopia.MethodsAll available primary studies were searched via the Google Scholar, HINARI, and PubMed databases from June 22 to December 20, 2023; 912 articles were identified. Sixteen articles were included in the final review; data from them were extracted to an Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata version 17 for analysis. The search terms used were: “Pattern of help-seeking behavior’’ OR “Pattern of treatment-seeking behavior” OR “Health care-seeking behavior” OR “Help-seeking intention” OR “Help-seeking preferences” OR “Perceived need” OR “Pathways to psychiatric care”, AND “Common mental disorders” OR “Mental illness” OR “Mental health problems” OR “Depression”, AND “Predictors” OR “Determinate factors” OR “Associated factors”, AND “Ethiopia”. The quality of the studies included was critically appraised using the modified The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool, adapted for observational studies. During critical appraisal, disagreements between the two authors conducting the assessment were resolved by the involvement of a third author. Effect sizes were pooled using the random effects model, and the presence of publication bias was detected based on asymmetry of the funnel plot and a statistically significant result of Egger’s test (p<0.05).ResultsThe pooled rate of positive help-seeking behavior with respect to modern treatment among people living with mental illness was 42.21% (95% CI: 29.29, 55.12; I2 = 99.37%, P=0.00). Factors significantly associated with a positive pattern of help-seeking behavior were: having a secondary education or above (AOR=5.47, 95% CI: 2.33, 12.86); believing that mental illness requires treatment (AOR=2.76, 95% CI: 2.02, 3.78); having strong social support (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.44); having a family history of mental illness (AOR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.97); having awareness of the availability of treatment (AOR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.46); having previously engaged in positive help-seeking behavior (AOR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.63, 6.60); having comorbid disorders (AOR=4.25, 95% CI: 1.69, 10.66); not using alcohol (AOR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.73, 6.27); and the perceived severity of mental illness (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.490, 4.33).ConclusionsThe majority of people with mental illness in Ethiopia exhibited a poor pattern of help-seeking behavior with respect to modern treatment. Therefore, mobilization of the community should be encouraged via regular public awareness campaigns regarding mental illness and the availability of evidence-based and effective modern treatment in Ethiopia. Moreover, the design of effective community-based mental health interventions is recommended in order to improve public attitudes and rates of help-seeking behavior in relation to mental health problems

Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening and Its Barriers Using Health Belief Model Among Health Professionals Working in Public Hospitals in South Gondar Zone, Northcentral Ethiopia: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm that originates in the cervix, and it is a leading cause of mortality, with 270,000 deaths every year globally. Of these, 85% occur in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Routine cervical cancer screening and early treatment can prevent up to 80% of cervical cancers. Health professionals are expected to screen for and be screened for cervical cancer. However, there is limited information about the uptake of cervical cancer screening among health professionals in the study area. Objective: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of cervical cancer screening uptake and identify its barriers among health professionals. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study design was conducted among health professionals from December 01 to 30, 2022. A total of 164 respondents were included in the study, and simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered significantly associated with the outcome variable. Results: Of the total respondents, 112 (68.3%) were younger than the age of 30 years, with a mean age of 29.4 years ranging from 21 to 45 years. Seventy-nine of the respondents (48.2%) have work experience of 6?10 years, and 103 (62.8%) are nurses in profession. In this study, the magnitude of cervical cancer screening uptake was 28.1% (95% CI: 27.7%?35.6%). Moreover, attitude (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]?=?3.3, 95% CI: 2.1?5.1), age at first sexual intercourse (AOR?=?2.1, 95% CI: 1.3?3.4), having history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs; AOR?=?3.6, 95% CI: 1.5?11.6), knowing someone who had been screened (AOR?=?2.9, 95% CI: 1.8?4.8), and cervical cancer screening training (AOR?=?1.6, 95% CI: 1.1?2.9) were significantly associated with cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: Generally, this study reported that the magnitude of cervical cancer screening uptake was low. The study also indicated that attitude, age at first sexual intercourse, history of STIs, knowing someone who had been screened, and training of cervical cancer screening were independent predictors of uptake of cervical cancer screening

Attitude of nurses towards palliative care and its associated factors in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction Palliative care significantly improves the distressing symptoms of patients, especially those with cancer, heart disease, renal disease, and liver disease. The need for palliative care is increasing worldwide due to the growing burden of chronic disease. Nurses with an unfavorable attitude towards palliative care cannot skillfully assess the patient’s needs, do not communicate effectively, and do not address the patient’s problems adequately. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the nurse’s level of attitude towards palliative care in Ethiopia. Methods Several databases were searched to find available articles. Microsoft Excel was used to extract and sort the data before it was exported to STATA/MP 17.0 for analysis. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval was employed to pool the data. Egger’s test and Cochrane I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Subgroup analysis was carried out to identify the source of heterogeneity. A log-odds ratio was employed to show the relationship between nurses’ level of attitude towards palliative care and its related factors. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result In Ethiopia, the pooled prevalence of favorable attitudes of nurses towards palliative care was 66.13% (95% CI: 54.00–78.27). The highest percentage of favorable attitudes towards palliative care among nurses was found in research studies done in Addis Ababa (80.31%; 95% CI: 72.00–88.63). Training on palliative care was significantly associated with the level of a nurse’s attitude towards palliative care. Therefore, nurses who received palliative care training had a 2.5 times higher chance of having a favorable attitude towards palliative care than nurses who did not receive training on palliative care (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 2.28–2.82). Conclusion One-third of nurses had unfavorable attitude towards palliative care. Nurses who took palliative care training had a more favorable attitude than nurses who did not take palliative care training. Routine palliative care training is needed for nurses to improve their level of attitude towards palliative care

Health Professionals' knowledge and practice on basic life support and its predicting factors in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundBasic Life Support (BLS) is a sequence of care provided to patients who are experiencing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, or airway obstruction. Its main purpose is to maintain the airway, breathing, and circulation through CPR. This review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Health Professionals' knowledge and practice on basic life support in Ethiopia.MethodEligible primary studies were accessed from international database (PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari databases) and grey literatures found in online repositories. The required data were extracted from those studies and exported to Stata 17 for analysis. A weighted inverse-variance random-effects model and Der Simonian-Laird estimation method were used to compute the overall pooled prevalence of Health Professional's knowledge, practice of basic life support and its predictors. Variations across the included studies were checked using forest plot, funnel plot, I2 statistics, and Egger's test.ResultA total of 5,258 Health Professionals were included from 11 studies. The pooled prevalence of knowledge and practice outcomes on basic life support in Ethiopia were 47.6 (95% CI: 29.899, 65.300, I2: 99.21%) and 44.42 (95% CI: 16.42, 72.41, I2: 99.69) respectively. Educational status of the Professional's was significantly associated with knowledge outcome. Those who had degree and above were 1.9 times (AOR: 1.90 (1.24, 2.56)) more likely knowledgeable on basic life support than under degree.ConclusionThe overall pooled estimates of Health Professionals knowledge and practice on basic life support was considerably low. The educational status of the Health Professionals was significantly associated with knowledge outcome. The Health Professionals and responsible stakeholders should focus on the basic life support at Health Institutions. The professionals should advance their knowledge and skill on basic life support for the patients

Cognitive adverse effects of epilepsy and its predictors attending outpatient department of South Gondar zone hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2020 /2021.

BackgroundEpilepsy is the most common neurologic disorder which is further complicated by neurobehavioral co-morbidities, cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, and social problems. However, assessments of cognitive status of epileptic patients are far too low during clinical visits. This calls for early neuropsychological assessment soon after the diagnosis of epilepsy for a better treatment plan and outcome for epileptic patients.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the cognitive adverse effects of epilepsy and its predictors attending outpatient departments of South Gondar Zone hospitals Amhara region Ethiopia 2020/2021.MethodsA multi-center institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 509 respondents were included with a response rate of 93.9%. Previously adapted pretested structured questionnaire was used containing, socio-demographic, clinical, and seizure related factors. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to measure cognitive impairment. A systematic random sampling technique was applied. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2 then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were employed. The level of significance of association was determined at a p-value ResultsPrevalence of cognitive impairment in this study was 69.2% (95%CI; 65.4, 73.1). Rural residents (AOR = 4.16,95%CI, 1.99,8.67), respondents who couldn't read and write (AOR = 2.62, 95%CI; 1.24, 5.5,) longer duration of seizure disorder (AOR = 4.59,95%CI; 2.01,10.52), taking combined Phenobarbital and Phenytoin (AOR = 4.69,95%CI; 1.88,11.69), having history of head injury (AOR = 3.29,95%CI;1.30,8.32), having depression (AOR = 4.76,95%CI;2.83,7.98), and anxiety (AOR = 3.11,95%CI; 1.58,6.12) were significantly associated with cognitive impairment.ConclusionsPrevalence of cognitive impairment in this study was high. Regular neuropsychiatric assessment of patients with epilepsy should be encouraged especially for those participants with longer durations of illness, who are rural residents, who take combined Phenobarbital and Phenytoin, participants who had a history of head injury, depression, and anxiety

Cognitive adverse effects of epilepsy and its predictors attending outpatient department of South Gondar zone hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2020 /2021

Background Epilepsy is the most common neurologic disorder which is further complicated by neurobehavioral co-morbidities, cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, and social problems. However, assessments of cognitive status of epileptic patients are far too low during clinical visits. This calls for early neuropsychological assessment soon after the diagnosis of epilepsy for a better treatment plan and outcome for epileptic patients. Objective This study aimed to assess the cognitive adverse effects of epilepsy and its predictors attending outpatient departments of South Gondar Zone hospitals Amhara region Ethiopia 2020/2021. Methods A multi-center institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 509 respondents were included with a response rate of 93.9%. Previously adapted pretested structured questionnaire was used containing, socio-demographic, clinical, and seizure related factors. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to measure cognitive impairment. A systematic random sampling technique was applied. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2 then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were employed. The level of significance of association was determined at a p-value Results Prevalence of cognitive impairment in this study was 69.2% (95%CI; 65.4, 73.1). Rural residents (AOR = 4.16,95%CI, 1.99,8.67), respondents who couldn’t read and write (AOR = 2.62, 95%CI; 1.24, 5.5,) longer duration of seizure disorder (AOR = 4.59,95%CI; 2.01,10.52), taking combined Phenobarbital and Phenytoin (AOR = 4.69,95%CI; 1.88,11.69), having history of head injury (AOR = 3.29,95%CI;1.30,8.32), having depression (AOR = 4.76,95%CI;2.83,7.98), and anxiety (AOR = 3.11,95%CI; 1.58,6.12) were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions Prevalence of cognitive impairment in this study was high. Regular neuropsychiatric assessment of patients with epilepsy should be encouraged especially for those participants with longer durations of illness, who are rural residents, who take combined Phenobarbital and Phenytoin, participants who had a history of head injury, depression, and anxiety

Table4_Interventions to improve the quality of maternal care in Ethiopia: a scoping review.docx

IntroductionQuality improvement interventions have been part of the national agenda aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortality. Despite different interventions, neonatal mortality and morbidity rates remain steady. This review aimed to map and synthesize the evidence of maternal and newborn quality improvement interventions in Ethiopia.MethodsA scoping review was reported based on the reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis extensions for the scoping review checklist. Data extraction, collation, and organization were based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual of the evidence synthesis framework for a scoping review. The maternal and neonatal care standards from the World Health Organization and the Donabedian quality of health framework were used to summarize the findings.ResultsNineteen articles were included in this scoping review. The review found that the studies were conducted across various regions of Ethiopia, with the majority published after 2013. The reviewed studies mainly focused on three maternal care quality interventions: mobile and electronic health (eHealth), quality improvement standards, and human resource mobilization. Moreover, the reviewed studies explored various approaches to quality improvement, such as providing training to healthcare workers, health extension workers, traditional birth attendants, the community health development army, and mothers and supplying resources needed for maternal and newborn care.ConclusionIn conclusion, quality improvement strategies encompass community involvement, health education, mHealth, data-driven approaches, and health system strengthening. Future research should focus on the impact of physical environment, culture, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term effects of interventions. Healthcare providers’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, satisfaction, and adherence to guidelines should also be considered.</p

Table3_Interventions to improve the quality of maternal care in Ethiopia: a scoping review.docx

IntroductionQuality improvement interventions have been part of the national agenda aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortality. Despite different interventions, neonatal mortality and morbidity rates remain steady. This review aimed to map and synthesize the evidence of maternal and newborn quality improvement interventions in Ethiopia.MethodsA scoping review was reported based on the reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis extensions for the scoping review checklist. Data extraction, collation, and organization were based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual of the evidence synthesis framework for a scoping review. The maternal and neonatal care standards from the World Health Organization and the Donabedian quality of health framework were used to summarize the findings.ResultsNineteen articles were included in this scoping review. The review found that the studies were conducted across various regions of Ethiopia, with the majority published after 2013. The reviewed studies mainly focused on three maternal care quality interventions: mobile and electronic health (eHealth), quality improvement standards, and human resource mobilization. Moreover, the reviewed studies explored various approaches to quality improvement, such as providing training to healthcare workers, health extension workers, traditional birth attendants, the community health development army, and mothers and supplying resources needed for maternal and newborn care.ConclusionIn conclusion, quality improvement strategies encompass community involvement, health education, mHealth, data-driven approaches, and health system strengthening. Future research should focus on the impact of physical environment, culture, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term effects of interventions. Healthcare providers’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, satisfaction, and adherence to guidelines should also be considered.</p

Table1_Interventions to improve the quality of maternal care in Ethiopia: a scoping review.docx

IntroductionQuality improvement interventions have been part of the national agenda aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortality. Despite different interventions, neonatal mortality and morbidity rates remain steady. This review aimed to map and synthesize the evidence of maternal and newborn quality improvement interventions in Ethiopia.MethodsA scoping review was reported based on the reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis extensions for the scoping review checklist. Data extraction, collation, and organization were based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual of the evidence synthesis framework for a scoping review. The maternal and neonatal care standards from the World Health Organization and the Donabedian quality of health framework were used to summarize the findings.ResultsNineteen articles were included in this scoping review. The review found that the studies were conducted across various regions of Ethiopia, with the majority published after 2013. The reviewed studies mainly focused on three maternal care quality interventions: mobile and electronic health (eHealth), quality improvement standards, and human resource mobilization. Moreover, the reviewed studies explored various approaches to quality improvement, such as providing training to healthcare workers, health extension workers, traditional birth attendants, the community health development army, and mothers and supplying resources needed for maternal and newborn care.ConclusionIn conclusion, quality improvement strategies encompass community involvement, health education, mHealth, data-driven approaches, and health system strengthening. Future research should focus on the impact of physical environment, culture, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term effects of interventions. Healthcare providers’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, satisfaction, and adherence to guidelines should also be considered.</p