396 research outputs found
A glossary for the social epidemiology of work organization. Part 3: terms from labour markets
This is part 3 of a three-part glossary on the
social epidemiology of work organisation. The
first two parts deal with the social psychology
of work and with organisations. This concluding
part presents concepts related to labour markets.
These concepts are drawn from economics, business
and sociology. They relate both to traditional
interests in these disciplines and to contemporary
ideas on post-industrialisation and globalisation,
particularly the growth of employment in service
industries, the development of a 24-h economy,
increased participation of the female labour force
and the perceived needs of employers in emerging
high-tech economies.These changes are of
particular interest because they are linked to
increasing inequality in earnings and changes in
social relationships in employment. These concepts
have the potential to elucidate the pathways
through which health is affected by conditions of
work as an underlying cause
Employment conditions and health inequalities.
Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), Geneva
Recent studies on the super edge-magic deficiency of graphs
A graph is called edge-magic if there exists a bijective function
such that is a constant for each . Also,
is said to be super edge-magic if . Furthermore, the
super edge-magic deficiency of a graph is defined
to be either the smallest nonnegative integer with the property that is super edge-magic or if there exists no such integer
. In this paper, we introduce the parameter as the minimum
size of a graph of order for which all graphs of order and size at
least have , and provide
lower and upper bounds for . Imran, Baig, and
Fe\u{n}ov\u{c}\'{i}kov\'{a} established that for integers with , , where is the
cartesian product of the cycle of order and the complete graph
of order . We improve this bound by showing that when is even. Enomoto,
Llad\'{o}, Nakamigawa, and Ringel posed the conjecture that every nontrivial
tree is super edge-magic. We propose a new approach to attak this conjecture.
This approach may also help to resolve another labeling conjecture on trees by
Graham and Sloane
Exploring complex causal pathways between urban renewal, health and health inequality using a theory-driven approach
Urban populations are growing and to accommodate these numbers, cities are becoming more involved in urban renewal programs to improve the physical, social and economic conditions in different areas. This paper explores some of the complexities surrounding the link between urban renewal, health and health inequalities using a theory-driven approach. ; We focus on an urban renewal initiative implemented in Barcelona, the Neighbourhoods Law, targeting Barcelona’s (Spain) most deprived neighbourhoods. We present evidence from two studies on the health evaluation of the Neighbourhoods Law, while drawing from recent urban renewal literature, to follow a four-step process to develop a program theory. We then use two specific urban renewal interventions, the construction of a large central plaza and the repair of streets and sidewalks, to further examine this link. ; In order for urban renewal programs to affect health and health inequality, neighbours must use and adapt to the changes produced by the intervention. However, there exist barriers that can result in negative outcomes including factors such as accessibility, safety and security. ; This paper provides a different perspective to the field that is largely dominated by traditional quantitative studies that are not always able to address the complexities such interventions provide. Furthermore, the framework and discussions serve as a guide for future research, policy development and evaluation
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