Behavior of biaxially loaded concrete-encased composite columns

The theory of nonlinear behavior of biaxially loaded short and slender composite columns is used to study the load-deformation and moment-curvature of four pin-ended composite column specimens tested under axial compressive load and biaxial bending moments in a single curvature. The accuracy of the test results is verified by comparison with analytical results obtained by a method of analysis that includes the nonlinear material properties of concrete and steel and covers the ascending and descending branches of the linear segmented column specimen. A computational method is presented to model the analytical behavior of the biaxially loaded composite column. Its validity is verified by the comparisons with other analytical methods, and the results of experimental tests from four different authors. A generalized interaction equation for the analysis and design of composite columns is presented. Its validity is verified by comparing the results of existing design examples and some test results with the results obtained from the equation. A comparative review of the available design methods currently being used in the United States is presented. Their major differences, compatibilities and inconsistences are highlighted and discussed. Finally some design recommendations are proposed for the analysis and design of biaxially loaded concrete-encased composite columns

A task segment framework to study keylogged translation processes

The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a tool to analyze full typing flows of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup, mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF assumes that intentional pauses flag stretches where subjects concentrate on unrecorded cognitive processes such as planning and assessment. The interspersed typing stretches are task segments, with or without text, where basic subtasks may be observed, mainly adding new text, changing existing text, and searching for information. Accumulated experience and planning allow translators to lump strategically similar activities together, in order to spare efforts and task switching costs while maximizing efficiency. Hence, task segments may contain activities of just one such subtask or many. Translation fluency is a key notion of the TSF, operationalized through many indicators such as typing speed, prior pause length, TS (task segment) length in events, text length as full words, number of typos and respites (=mid inter-keystroke intervals), subtask(s), and the like. The approach seems particularly sensitive to translation expertise levels and may be applied with variations to other multilectal mediated communication tasks. This article lays down the conceptual basis of the TSF and summarizes its basic notions and constructs

Institutional Work In Community Based Forestry Management: An Ethnography of Dialogue and Translation Performed In An Indigenous Peoples’ Organization

Among forestry and development scholars and practitioners, threats to forest environments may be mitigated with the participation of indigenous people in Community Based Forest Management (CBFM). The paradigm of CBFM among practitioners and theorists is based on models of common resource management that depend on institutionalization, where communities formulate rules of resource management through communication. Critics of the post-positivist inclinations of CBFM have argued that discourse and humanistic approaches can provide a better understanding of effective CBFM. Neo-institutional theories had been proposed that provide such a humanistic understanding. Specifically, this dissertation proposes that organizational discourse analysis under a paradigm of communicative institutionalism can provide researchers with a deep understanding of the complexities of CBFM. Using theories that blend neo-institutionalism, postcolonial theory, and Montreal School theories within a Communication as Constitutive paradigm, it is theorized that processes of dialogue and translation are a form of institutional work, as transformative practices used by indigenous peoples&rsquo; organizations (POs) in the construction, distribution, and delegitimation of texts. Texts here are theorized as having agency and that they constitute, along with other (human) agents, an institutional field. The author engaged in six months of ethnographic data gathering in the form of interviews, participant observation, and document collection. Through organizational discourse analysis of the data, it was found that (1) the institutional work of dialogue and translation produces hybridized indigenous texts through modalities of sensemaking, legitimation, and intertextuality; (2) efforts to resolve discursive tensions among different discourses and texts present lead to the production of hybridized institutional texts; and (3) how through the authoring of hybridized institutional texts, intertextual relationships are reconstituted in ways that reconfigure the institutional field.</p

A Megacam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. IV. Two foreground populations possibly associated with the Monoceros substructure in the direction of NGC2419 and Koposov2

The origin of the Galactic halo stellar structure known as the Monoceros ring is still under debate. In this work, we study that halo substructure using deep CFHT wide-field photometry obtained for the globular clusters NGC2419 and Koposov2, where the presence of Monoceros becomes significant because of their coincident projected position. Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry and spectroscopy in the area surrounding these globulars and beyond, where the same Monoceros population is detected, we conclude that a second feature, not likely to be associated with Milky Way disk stars along the line-of-sight, is present as foreground population. Our analysis suggests that the Monoceros ring might be composed of an old stellar population of age t ~ 9Gyr and a new component ~ 4Gyr younger at the same heliocentric distance. Alternatively, this detection might be associated with a second wrap of Monoceros in that direction of the sky and also indicate a metallicity spread in the ring. The detection of such a low-density feature in other sections of this halo substructure will shed light on its nature.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Anatomical Pathways for Auditory Memory in Primates

Episodic memory or the ability to store context-rich information about everyday events depends on the hippocampal formation (entorhinal cortex, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, hippocampus proper, and dentate gyrus). A substantial amount of behavioral-lesion and anatomical studies have contributed to our understanding of the organization of how visual stimuli are retained in episodic memory. However, whether auditory memory is organized similarly is still unclear. One hypothesis is that, like the “visual ventral stream” for which the connections of the inferior temporal gyrus with the perirhinal cortex are necessary for visual recognition in monkeys, direct connections between the auditory association areas of the superior temporal gyrus and the hippocampal formation and with the parahippocampal region (temporal pole, perhirinal, and posterior parahippocampal cortices) might also underlie recognition memory for sounds. Alternatively, the anatomical organization of memory could be different in audition. This alternative “indirect stream” hypothesis posits that, unlike the visual association cortex, the majority of auditory information makes one or more synapses in intermediate, polymodal areas, where they may integrate information from other sensory modalities, before reaching the medial temporal memory system. This review considers anatomical studies that can support either one or both hypotheses – focusing on anatomical studies on the primate brain, primarily in macaque monkeys, that have reported not only direct auditory association connections with medial temporal areas, but, importantly, also possible indirect pathways for auditory information to reach the medial temporal lobe memory system

Accurate masses for dispersion-supported galaxies

We derive an accurate mass estimator for dispersion-supported stellar systems and demonstrate its validity by analyzing resolved line-of-sight velocity data for globular clusters, dwarf galaxies, and elliptical galaxies. Specifically, by manipulating the spherical Jeans equation we show that the dynamical mass enclosed within the 3D deprojected half-light radius r_1/2 can be determined with only mild assumptions about the spatial variation of the stellar velocity dispersion anisotropy. We find M_1/2 = 3 \sigma_los^2 r_1/2 / G ~ 4 \sigma_los^2 R_eff / G, where \sigma_los^2 is the luminosity-weighted square of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion and R_eff is the 2D projected half-light radius. While deceptively familiar in form, this formula is not the virial theorem, which cannot be used to determine accurate masses unless the radial profile of the total mass is known a priori. We utilize this finding to show that all of the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies (MW dSphs) are consistent with having formed within a halo of mass approximately 3 x 10^9 M_sun in Lambda CDM cosmology. The faintest MW dSphs seem to have formed in dark matter halos that are at least as massive as those of the brightest MW dSphs, despite the almost five orders of magnitude spread in luminosity. We expand our analysis to the full range of observed dispersion-supported stellar systems and examine their I-band mass-to-light ratios (M/L). The M/L vs. M_1/2 relation for dispersion-supported galaxies follows a U-shape, with a broad minimum near M/L ~ 3 that spans dwarf elliptical galaxies to normal ellipticals, a steep rise to M/L ~ 3,200 for ultra-faint dSphs, and a more shallow rise to M/L ~ 800 for galaxy cluster spheroids.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures. Accepted to MNRAS on March 27th, 201