The role of electrophoretic deposition method in the creation of a biocomposit based on hydroxyapatite layers and silver nanoparticles

In this work, multifunctional three-layered biocomposite on the basis of hydroxyapatite coatings and silver nanoparticles has been fabricated through the use of nanofabrication techniques. Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering was used to prepare the first and third layers of hydroxyapatite coating on titanium and on silver nanoparticles, respectively. Electrophoretic deposition method was used to prepare the antibacterial layer of silver nanoparticles. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had a spherical shape with a diameter of the metallic core of 70±20 nm and ζ -potential -20 mV. The diffraction patterns of the biocomposites revealed the peaks of crystalline HA and metallic silver (Ag). XRD patterns revealed that the AgNPs are crystalline with the crystallite size of appr. 14 nm

System-componential analysis during accounting of electronic money

Актуальність цього дослідження полягає у тому, що вченими приділяється недостатньо уваги щодо залучення наукових методів дослідження при вивченні певних об’єктів обліку. У статті обґрунтована можливість використання системно-компонентного аналізу при дослідженні обліку електронних грошей. Цей науковий метод ураховує всі складові (компоненти), які прямо або опосередковано впливають на ефективність облікового процесу електронних грошей. У роботі виділено та досліджено три компонента: "людина", "техніка", "середовище", "процеси".Actual continuity of this study is that scientists gives insufficient attention to attract scientific research methods in the study of certain objects of accounting. In the article is substantiated the possibility of using system – componential analysis during research of accounting of electronic money. This scientific method takes into account all parts (components) which directly or indirectly affect on efficiency of accounting process of electronic money. In the article was distinguished and researched three components: "man", "technique", "environment", "processes". The proposed correspondence system for accounting for electronic money, is indicated on the peculiarities of conducting analytical accounting. It is proved that system-component analysis helps to increase the efficiency of electronic money use in Ukraine

Combining Shortest Paths, Bottleneck Paths and Matrix Multiplication

We provide a formal mathematical definition of the Shortest Paths for All Flows (SP-AF) problem and provide many efficient algorithms. The SP-AF problem combines the well known Shortest Paths (SP) and Bottleneck Paths (BP) problems, and can be solved by utilising matrix multiplication. Thus in our research of the SP-AF problem, we also make a series of contributions to the underlying topics of the SP problem, the BP problem, and matrix multiplication. For the topic of matrix multiplication we show that on an n-by-n two dimensional (2D) square mesh array, two n-by-n matrices can be multiplied in exactly 1.5n ‒ 1 communication steps. This halves the number of communication steps required by the well known Cannon’s algorithm that runs on the same sized mesh array. We provide two contributions for the SP problem. Firstly, we enhance the breakthrough algorithm by Alon, Galil and Margalit (AGM), which was the first algorithm to achieve a deeply sub-cubic time bound for solving the All Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem on dense directed graphs. Our enhancement allows the algorithm by AGM to remain sub-cubic for larger upper bounds on integer edge costs. Secondly, we show that for graphs with n vertices, the APSP problem can be solved in exactly 3n ‒ 2 communication steps on an n-by-n 2D square mesh array. This improves on the previous result of 3.5n communication steps achieved by Takaoka and Umehara. For the BP problem, we show that we can compute the bottleneck of the entire graph without solving the All Pairs Bottleneck Paths (APBP) problem, resulting in a much more efficient time bound. Finally we define an algebraic structure called the distance/flow semi-ring to formally introduce the SP-AF problem, and we provide many algorithms for solving the Single Source SP-AF (SSSP-AF) problem and the All Pairs SP-AF (APSP-AF) problem. For the APSP-AF problem, algebraic algorithms are given that utilise faster matrix multiplication over a ring