81 research outputs found
Prilagođavanje regulative o životnoj sredini politici Evropske unije
Rad ukazuje na činjenicu da globalni problemi zaštite životne sredine prevazilaze okvire granice bilo koje države, te zahtevaju rešenja na nadnacionalnom nivou. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na nužnost prilagođavanja politike i propisa Evropske unije o životnoj sredini na zakonodavstvo Srbije sa posebnim akcentom na uticaj ovih propisa na tokove međunarodne razmene Srbije i shodno tome njenu konkurentnost. Ovo je bitno iz razloga što su sve ekonomske aktivnosti, a time i međunarodna trgovina, zasnovane na ekološkim resursima. Propisi Evropske unije određuju standarde kvaliteta životne sredine odnosno definišu način na koji se odvijaju procesi proizvodnje i pružanja usluga, standarde koji se odnose na proizvode i zahteve koji se odnose na projektovanje i planiranje, i nužno je da se Srbija prilagodi ovim propisima. U pregovorima o trgovinskoj liberalizaciji posebna pažnja je posvećena pitanjima trgovine i ekologije. Obzirom na nameru Srbije da se pridruži Evropskoj uniji, ona je u obavezi da prilikom preuzimanja zakonodavstva Unije ne približava samo pravne tekstove, već da suštinski prilagodi svoje institucije što znači da sprovede korenite promene u nacionalnom, administrativnom, sudskom sistemu i privatnom sektoru, što će sigurno imati pozitivan uticaj na konkurentnost Srbije
Uloga ekonomskih instrumenata u neutralisanju ekoloških eksternalija
Ovim radom autori ukazuju na različite načine i ulogu države odnosno, ekonomskih instrumenata koji su na raspolaganju, radi minimiziranja i neutralisanja eksternih efekata nastalih kao posledica društvene reprodukcije. U održivoj proizvodnji, kontinuiran proces društvene reprodukcije zaheva i adekvatno tretiranje prirodnog okruženja.“ Eco-Eco“ model, odnosno ekološko ekonski model ukazuje na direktnu uslovljenost ova dva podsistema održivog razvoja. Instrumenti koji usmeravaju privredne subjekte kroz internalizaciju troškova životne sredine ili troškova iscrpljivanja prirodnih izvora su ekonomski. Isključiva upotreba ekonomskih instrumenata neće dati optimalne rezultate ako se izolovano koristi, jer se celokupna privreda odvija u tržišnim, a ne u izolovanim uslovima. Stoga, imajući u vidu specifičnost „Eko-Eko“ odnosa, problemi eksternalija se najbolje rešavaju kombinacijom ekonomskih i ostalih instrumenata, pri čemu je aktivna uloga države neophodna
Strengthening Economic Subjects' Internal Capacities : sustainable energy management
EU strategic orientation towards sustainable energy development, energy reform
and redirecting of companies to new ways of operating and doing business impose
need to consider the concept of application of sustainable energy management as a
concept acceptable for all companies. By implementing sustainable energy
management, companies reach positive results, which primarily refer to reduced
consumption of energy resources and reduced negative ecological effects. Apart from
that, a company which implements the concept of sustainable energy management
creates positive image and improves its competitiveness. The actual application of
the concept of sustainable energy management in a company can be implemented in
several ways and the application of eco-management concept is considered to be the
most acceptable method for realization in developing countries
Harmonizacija energetske politike Srbije sa politikom Evropske unije kao moguće rešenje ublažavanja efekata krize
Cilj rada je analiza potrebe za daljom harmonizacijom u oblasti ekoloških i energetskih
poreza kao instrumenata energetske politike u Srbiji u skladu sa EU, u vreme krize. Autor, između
ostalog analizira svrhu i smislenost primene postojeće Direktive (Directive 2003/96/EC) koja
reguliše poreze iz te oblasti. Harmonizacija mnogobrojnih poreza i propisa je svakako preduslov
uspesnog pristupanja ovoj integraciji i funkcionisanja EU ali rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da
je neophodna kritička analiza njihove primene. Energenti su neophodan preduslov obavljanja
bilo koje privredne aktivnosti, cene tradicionalnih energenata imaju trend rasta, što u vreme
krize ima negativne posledice na odvijanje privrednih aktivnosti. Zato su ekološki a u okviru
njih i energetski porezi značajan instrument energetske politike. Energetska politika svake države
je uvek strateško pitanje, a u vreme krize posebno, i kao takvo je veoma složeno. Pre početka
krize, Srbija se 2006. godine obavezala da će implementirati odredbe evropskog zakonodavstva
koje se odnose na energetsku politiku. Međutim, postoji niz ograničenja koja usporavaju proces
usaglašavanja prava Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije. Zahtevi Evropske unije mogu dodatno
zakomplikovati energetsku politiku Srbije u vreme krize, ali istovremeno evropska perspektiva
može da doprinese poboljšanju kvaliteta energetskog sektora u Srbiji
The role of ecological taxes in sustainable development and sustainable economy
The role of a state is of key significance for implementation of
sustainable development. It collects funds that will enable realization of the
concept of sustainable development by means of various instruments. The most common instrument for collection of funds is ecological taxes. This paper indicates the significance, elements, advantages and disadvantages of ecological (green) taxes and it describes the emergence of this fiscal instrument that required a tax reform. The concept of negative external effects is also explained in this paper, as well as the ways of finding a solution for this phenomenon. Arthur Pigou, a „father of ecological taxes”, recommends internalization of external effects
Sustainable energy management as a pre-requisite for sustainable development: the case of the Balkans countries in the process of the EU integration
Sustainable development as a theory, a concept and an idea, is a comprehensive framework for the development of mankind in the future, that is, the attempt to plan future development based on past experience, on the one hand, and
objectives that are set to a specific or indefinite period of time on the other. The concept of sustainable development implies the need for reviewing and
understanding its complex and multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional and heterogeneous structure, making it one of the most complex social, economic, civil and any other development since the creation of mankind. Any human
activity can be observed from different points of view and evaluated on several grounds. Problem of energy security is one of the basic modern challenges in the EU and in the Balkans region. The following main characteristics in the Balkans region were noted: high energy consumption per GDP unit, high values of carbon emission, fossil fuels import dependency, high potential but minimal RES energy
production. Further development of regulation framework is a priority for all countries in the region. Respection of the EU regulative in this area is the basic precondition for further stable energy development
Neoliberalna doktrina - razlog ekonomske krize i faze recesije u privrednom ciklusu
Cilj rada je ukazati na vezu između neoliberalizma, koji je bio glavna ekonomska doktrina poslednjih 15 godina, sa početkom krize kao dela privrednih ciklusa. Savremena
analiza privrednih ciklusa prati njihovo kretanje prema fazama: recesija, dno, oporavak i
vrh.Privredni ciklusi se periodično ponavljaju i ne manifestuju se uvek u istom obliku ni
trajanju.Privreda je u fazi recesije kada realni bruto nacionalni proizvod (BDP) ima trend pada u
poslednja dva godišnja kvartala. U recesiji obim proizvodnje (output) i zaposlenost imaju
tendenciju pada a cene su nefleksibilne i imaju silazni trend.Uglavnom, ekonomisti smatraju da
konkurentne snage vode ka višem stepenu efikasnosti a konkurencija pruža značajan podsticaj
tehnološkim i drugim inovacijama. Adam Smit je smatrao da „nevidljiva ruka” reguliše sve
odnose na tržištu i sve postavlja na svoje mesto, što dovodi do toga da svaki pojedinac, vodeći
računa o svojim interesima, u isto vreme doprinosi blagostanju svih. Uloga države se
minimalizuje. Na tom osnovu-liberalizma, razvila se nova doktrina – neoliberalizam.
Liberalizam je ideologija nacionalne buržoazije koja je stavljala akcenat na principe
individualnih sloboda i vladavini prava na nivou nacionalne države. Kao takva ona do određene
mere štiti i zainteresovana je za socijalnu zaštitu svog naroda. Međutim, nosilac neoliberalne
ideje jeste transnacionalna buržoazija koja nije zasnovana na socijalnim strukturama
nacionalnih društava. Globalno posmatrano, ovo bogatstvo sve manjeg broja moćnih i bogatih
pojedinaca, povećava se na račun siromaštva sve većeg broja ljudi u svetu
Possibilities for Development of Female Entrepreneurship in the Rural Areas
The aim of this paper is to analyse the status of women in the rural areas of
Serbia. From 2007 to 2013 several surveys and other studies have been carried
out. Unfortunately, these studies made by different authors and/or donors lead to
almost the same conclusion that the status of women in rural areas of Serbia is
very unsatisfactory. Having in mind that the greatest number of farms is located in
the Vojvodina region, the emphasis of this paper is on women in this area. The
status of women in the society coincides to the position of women in the
countryside. Female entrepreneurs are very rare in our society and among all
other thing their decision to start a business depends on their level of education
and partly on the funds for the realization of entrepreneurial ideas. Women living
in the rural areas lack the awareness and the willingness to start an independent
business. Although Serbia has signed various international conventions that
commit to the gender equality, strategies adopted on the national or regional
(Vojvodina) level did not experience embodiment in the practice. Definitely, this
affects the reluctance of women to engage in entrepreneurial activities and the
number of female entrepreneurs has decreased between the two surveys conducted
in 2003 and 2007. In order to improve this situation there is a need for various forms of education and training for women, depending on their preferences, age,
level of education and other factors. However, there is a small number of women
who are willing to engage in entrepreneurship in the rural areas. Potential female
entrepreneurs cannot be left to fight the market alone, it is necessary to create
business incubators where they will receive help in decision-making and establish
special guarantee funds. We used different research methods: desk research,
analysis of survey previously conducted on a representative sample of female
entrepreneurs and managers and qualitative research. The importance of this
paper is reflected in the fact that number of surveys with the same theme of female
entrepreneurship performed by various authors and donors in different time periods were analysed and compared and they point out to the altered behaviour of
female entrepreneurs and managers. Namely, the female entrepreneurship in Serbia is in a worse position today than it was before 2007
Environmental and energy tax reform in the EU
The subject of the analysis is determination of energy tax revenue in the countries members in the EU,
and monitoring of revenues generated through energy taxes. Environmental taxes can be collected in
forms of energy taxes, transport taxes, pollution taxes and resource taxes. The role of energy taxes is
to internalize external costs and to encourage potential polluters to change their behavior. Although
they have limited fiscal significance, energy taxes contribute to total public revenue in a country. On
the basis of the presented data in this paper, it is obvious that revenues collected by energy taxes are
not negligible and it is measured in tens of millions of Euros. Monitoring of flow of revenues made by
collecting these taxes proves that revenues have downward trend since the beginning of the crisis,
since 2008, and only two EU countries members did not have negative values. EU has growth of the
energy tax revenue in the period 2005-2008, of: 2,19% in 2006 in relation to 2005; growth of 3,28%
in 2007 in relation to 2006 that is 2,45% in 2008 in relation to 2007. On one hand, collection of
energy taxes provides country with revenues; however there is a possibility of jeopardizing position of
domestic business entities in the future. It is the fact that market position of industries that pay energy
taxes is unfavorable because the prices of their products are increased by the taxes
Relationship between sustainable development and green economy: emphasis on green finance and banking
In this paper authors review the issue of relationship between economy, society and
environmental protection. This could not be done without the three sustainability principles
being incorporated in the concept of sustainable development and later in the concept of
green economy. Many definitions of both concepts refer to the fact that these relationships
are complex, as economic well-being and environmental protection cannot “reconcile” in
the short run. The aim of green economy is to even economy, society and environment. Green
finance was developed within this new economic concept. One instrument of green finance,
i.e. socially responsible finance is the Equator principles. This thesis shows the mechanism
of action of financial institutions which accepted these new principles, but also points out
disadvantages that must be removed over time so that these principles could have a positive
impact on society and environment
- …