81 research outputs found

    Prilagođavanje regulative o životnoj sredini politici Evropske unije

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    Rad ukazuje na činjenicu da globalni problemi zaštite životne sredine prevazilaze okvire granice bilo koje države, te zahtevaju rešenja na nadnacionalnom nivou. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na nužnost prilagođavanja politike i propisa Evropske unije o životnoj sredini na zakonodavstvo Srbije sa posebnim akcentom na uticaj ovih propisa na tokove međunarodne razmene Srbije i shodno tome njenu konkurentnost. Ovo je bitno iz razloga što su sve ekonomske aktivnosti, a time i međunarodna trgovina, zasnovane na ekološkim resursima. Propisi Evropske unije određuju standarde kvaliteta životne sredine odnosno definišu način na koji se odvijaju procesi proizvodnje i pružanja usluga, standarde koji se odnose na proizvode i zahteve koji se odnose na projektovanje i planiranje, i nužno je da se Srbija prilagodi ovim propisima. U pregovorima o trgovinskoj liberalizaciji posebna pažnja je posvećena pitanjima trgovine i ekologije. Obzirom na nameru Srbije da se pridruži Evropskoj uniji, ona je u obavezi da prilikom preuzimanja zakonodavstva Unije ne približava samo pravne tekstove, već da suštinski prilagodi svoje institucije što znači da sprovede korenite promene u nacionalnom, administrativnom, sudskom sistemu i privatnom sektoru, što će sigurno imati pozitivan uticaj na konkurentnost Srbije

    Uloga ekonomskih instrumenata u neutralisanju ekoloških eksternalija

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    Ovim radom autori ukazuju na različite načine i ulogu države odnosno, ekonomskih instrumenata koji su na raspolaganju, radi minimiziranja i neutralisanja eksternih efekata nastalih kao posledica društvene reprodukcije. U održivoj proizvodnji, kontinuiran proces društvene reprodukcije zaheva i adekvatno tretiranje prirodnog okruženja.“ Eco-Eco“ model, odnosno ekološko ekonski model ukazuje na direktnu uslovljenost ova dva podsistema održivog razvoja. Instrumenti koji usmeravaju privredne subjekte kroz internalizaciju troškova životne sredine ili troškova iscrpljivanja prirodnih izvora su ekonomski. Isključiva upotreba ekonomskih instrumenata neće dati optimalne rezultate ako se izolovano koristi, jer se celokupna privreda odvija u tržišnim, a ne u izolovanim uslovima. Stoga, imajući u vidu specifičnost „Eko-Eko“ odnosa, problemi eksternalija se najbolje rešavaju kombinacijom ekonomskih i ostalih instrumenata, pri čemu je aktivna uloga države neophodna

    Strengthening Economic Subjects' Internal Capacities : sustainable energy management

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    EU strategic orientation towards sustainable energy development, energy reform and redirecting of companies to new ways of operating and doing business impose need to consider the concept of application of sustainable energy management as a concept acceptable for all companies. By implementing sustainable energy management, companies reach positive results, which primarily refer to reduced consumption of energy resources and reduced negative ecological effects. Apart from that, a company which implements the concept of sustainable energy management creates positive image and improves its competitiveness. The actual application of the concept of sustainable energy management in a company can be implemented in several ways and the application of eco-management concept is considered to be the most acceptable method for realization in developing countries

    Harmonizacija energetske politike Srbije sa politikom Evropske unije kao moguće rešenje ublažavanja efekata krize

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    Cilj rada je analiza potrebe za daljom harmonizacijom u oblasti ekoloških i energetskih poreza kao instrumenata energetske politike u Srbiji u skladu sa EU, u vreme krize. Autor, između ostalog analizira svrhu i smislenost primene postojeće Direktive (Directive 2003/96/EC) koja reguliše poreze iz te oblasti. Harmonizacija mnogobrojnih poreza i propisa je svakako preduslov uspesnog pristupanja ovoj integraciji i funkcionisanja EU ali rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je neophodna kritička analiza njihove primene. Energenti su neophodan preduslov obavljanja bilo koje privredne aktivnosti, cene tradicionalnih energenata imaju trend rasta, što u vreme krize ima negativne posledice na odvijanje privrednih aktivnosti. Zato su ekološki a u okviru njih i energetski porezi značajan instrument energetske politike. Energetska politika svake države je uvek strateško pitanje, a u vreme krize posebno, i kao takvo je veoma složeno. Pre početka krize, Srbija se 2006. godine obavezala da će implementirati odredbe evropskog zakonodavstva koje se odnose na energetsku politiku. Međutim, postoji niz ograničenja koja usporavaju proces usaglašavanja prava Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije. Zahtevi Evropske unije mogu dodatno zakomplikovati energetsku politiku Srbije u vreme krize, ali istovremeno evropska perspektiva može da doprinese poboljšanju kvaliteta energetskog sektora u Srbiji

    The role of ecological taxes in sustainable development and sustainable economy

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    The role of a state is of key significance for implementation of sustainable development. It collects funds that will enable realization of the concept of sustainable development by means of various instruments. The most common instrument for collection of funds is ecological taxes. This paper indicates the significance, elements, advantages and disadvantages of ecological (green) taxes and it describes the emergence of this fiscal instrument that required a tax reform. The concept of negative external effects is also explained in this paper, as well as the ways of finding a solution for this phenomenon. Arthur Pigou, a „father of ecological taxes”, recommends internalization of external effects

    Sustainable energy management as a pre-requisite for sustainable development: the case of the Balkans countries in the process of the EU integration

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    Sustainable development as a theory, a concept and an idea, is a comprehensive framework for the development of mankind in the future, that is, the attempt to plan future development based on past experience, on the one hand, and objectives that are set to a specific or indefinite period of time on the other. The concept of sustainable development implies the need for reviewing and understanding its complex and multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional and heterogeneous structure, making it one of the most complex social, economic, civil and any other development since the creation of mankind. Any human activity can be observed from different points of view and evaluated on several grounds. Problem of energy security is one of the basic modern challenges in the EU and in the Balkans region. The following main characteristics in the Balkans region were noted: high energy consumption per GDP unit, high values of carbon emission, fossil fuels import dependency, high potential but minimal RES energy production. Further development of regulation framework is a priority for all countries in the region. Respection of the EU regulative in this area is the basic precondition for further stable energy development

    Neoliberalna doktrina - razlog ekonomske krize i faze recesije u privrednom ciklusu

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    Cilj rada je ukazati na vezu između neoliberalizma, koji je bio glavna ekonomska doktrina poslednjih 15 godina, sa početkom krize kao dela privrednih ciklusa. Savremena analiza privrednih ciklusa prati njihovo kretanje prema fazama: recesija, dno, oporavak i vrh.Privredni ciklusi se periodično ponavljaju i ne manifestuju se uvek u istom obliku ni trajanju.Privreda je u fazi recesije kada realni bruto nacionalni proizvod (BDP) ima trend pada u poslednja dva godišnja kvartala. U recesiji obim proizvodnje (output) i zaposlenost imaju tendenciju pada a cene su nefleksibilne i imaju silazni trend.Uglavnom, ekonomisti smatraju da konkurentne snage vode ka višem stepenu efikasnosti a konkurencija pruža značajan podsticaj tehnološkim i drugim inovacijama. Adam Smit je smatrao da „nevidljiva ruka” reguliše sve odnose na tržištu i sve postavlja na svoje mesto, što dovodi do toga da svaki pojedinac, vodeći računa o svojim interesima, u isto vreme doprinosi blagostanju svih. Uloga države se minimalizuje. Na tom osnovu-liberalizma, razvila se nova doktrina – neoliberalizam. Liberalizam je ideologija nacionalne buržoazije koja je stavljala akcenat na principe individualnih sloboda i vladavini prava na nivou nacionalne države. Kao takva ona do određene mere štiti i zainteresovana je za socijalnu zaštitu svog naroda. Međutim, nosilac neoliberalne ideje jeste transnacionalna buržoazija koja nije zasnovana na socijalnim strukturama nacionalnih društava. Globalno posmatrano, ovo bogatstvo sve manjeg broja moćnih i bogatih pojedinaca, povećava se na račun siromaštva sve većeg broja ljudi u svetu

    Possibilities for Development of Female Entrepreneurship in the Rural Areas

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    The aim of this paper is to analyse the status of women in the rural areas of Serbia. From 2007 to 2013 several surveys and other studies have been carried out. Unfortunately, these studies made by different authors and/or donors lead to almost the same conclusion that the status of women in rural areas of Serbia is very unsatisfactory. Having in mind that the greatest number of farms is located in the Vojvodina region, the emphasis of this paper is on women in this area. The status of women in the society coincides to the position of women in the countryside. Female entrepreneurs are very rare in our society and among all other thing their decision to start a business depends on their level of education and partly on the funds for the realization of entrepreneurial ideas. Women living in the rural areas lack the awareness and the willingness to start an independent business. Although Serbia has signed various international conventions that commit to the gender equality, strategies adopted on the national or regional (Vojvodina) level did not experience embodiment in the practice. Definitely, this affects the reluctance of women to engage in entrepreneurial activities and the number of female entrepreneurs has decreased between the two surveys conducted in 2003 and 2007. In order to improve this situation there is a need for various forms of education and training for women, depending on their preferences, age, level of education and other factors. However, there is a small number of women who are willing to engage in entrepreneurship in the rural areas. Potential female entrepreneurs cannot be left to fight the market alone, it is necessary to create business incubators where they will receive help in decision-making and establish special guarantee funds. We used different research methods: desk research, analysis of survey previously conducted on a representative sample of female entrepreneurs and managers and qualitative research. The importance of this paper is reflected in the fact that number of surveys with the same theme of female entrepreneurship performed by various authors and donors in different time periods were analysed and compared and they point out to the altered behaviour of female entrepreneurs and managers. Namely, the female entrepreneurship in Serbia is in a worse position today than it was before 2007

    Environmental and energy tax reform in the EU

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    The subject of the analysis is determination of energy tax revenue in the countries members in the EU, and monitoring of revenues generated through energy taxes. Environmental taxes can be collected in forms of energy taxes, transport taxes, pollution taxes and resource taxes. The role of energy taxes is to internalize external costs and to encourage potential polluters to change their behavior. Although they have limited fiscal significance, energy taxes contribute to total public revenue in a country. On the basis of the presented data in this paper, it is obvious that revenues collected by energy taxes are not negligible and it is measured in tens of millions of Euros. Monitoring of flow of revenues made by collecting these taxes proves that revenues have downward trend since the beginning of the crisis, since 2008, and only two EU countries members did not have negative values. EU has growth of the energy tax revenue in the period 2005-2008, of: 2,19% in 2006 in relation to 2005; growth of 3,28% in 2007 in relation to 2006 that is 2,45% in 2008 in relation to 2007. On one hand, collection of energy taxes provides country with revenues; however there is a possibility of jeopardizing position of domestic business entities in the future. It is the fact that market position of industries that pay energy taxes is unfavorable because the prices of their products are increased by the taxes

    Relationship between sustainable development and green economy: emphasis on green finance and banking

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    In this paper authors review the issue of relationship between economy, society and environmental protection. This could not be done without the three sustainability principles being incorporated in the concept of sustainable development and later in the concept of green economy. Many definitions of both concepts refer to the fact that these relationships are complex, as economic well-being and environmental protection cannot “reconcile” in the short run. The aim of green economy is to even economy, society and environment. Green finance was developed within this new economic concept. One instrument of green finance, i.e. socially responsible finance is the Equator principles. This thesis shows the mechanism of action of financial institutions which accepted these new principles, but also points out disadvantages that must be removed over time so that these principles could have a positive impact on society and environment
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