Analisis Keragaman Genetik Isolat Corynespora Cassiicola (Berk & Curt) Wei. Di Indonesia Menggunakan Marker Issr (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat)

Penyakit Gugur Daun Corynespora (PGDC) yang disebabkan oleh patogen Corynespora cassiicola (Berk & Curt) Wei., merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman karet (Hevea Brasiliensis). Klon-klon karet yang semula bersifat moderat terhadap serangan jamur ini, setelah beberapa tahun menjadi rentan dan terserang hebat. Hal tersebut diduga karena evolusi patogen menghasilkan ras baru yang lebih merusak. Oleh karena itu, informasi yang berkaitan dengan variabilitas patogen sangat diperlukan. Bahan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah isolat Corynespora cassiicola dari 7 daerah sentra perkebunan karet Indoneia yaitu Lampung, Bengkulu, Sumatera Selatan, Jambi, Sumatera Utara, Kalimantan Barat, dan Jawa Tengah. Prosedur kerja dalam penelitian ini meliputi penyiapan kultur isolat, ekstraksi DNA Corynespora cassiicola menggunakan metode modifikasi CTAB berdasarkan Situmorang (2002), analisis PCR dengan Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), analisis data menggunakan UPGMA dalam program NTSYS, dan uji kelayuan daun menggunakan metode Nghia et al. (2007). Hasil analisis keragaman genetik isolat Corynespora cassiicola asal 7 wilayah sentra karet di Indonesia menggunakan marker ISSR menghasilkan 4 kelompok (4 ras) C. cassiicola, kelompok A (Ras 1) yaitu isolat asal Bengkulu, kelompok B (Ras 2) meliputi isolat asal Lampung dan Sumatera Utara, kelompok C (Ras 3) meliputi isolat asal Kalimantan Barat, Sumatera Selatan dan Jambi, dan kelompok D (Ras 4) yaitu isolat asal Jawa Tengah. Hasil uji kelayuan daun menunjukkan bahwa isolat-isolat Corynespora yang berada pada kelompok yang sama berdasarkan hasil analisis genetik, juga mempunyai tingkat infeksi (patogenitas) yang sama terhadap beberapa daun karet yang diuji. Isolat asal Jawa tengah (CJT) mempunyai rata-rata tingkat infeksi (patogenitas) tertinggi dibandingkan isolat yang lainnya. Tingkat infeksi terendah dari 7 isolat adalah pada klon RRIM 712 dan IRR 5, sedangkan tingkat infeksi 7 isolat Corynespora tertinggi terdapat pada klon BPM 24 dan PR 255. Diterima : 9 Juli 2012; Disetujui : 20 September 2012 How to Cite : Munir, M., Suryaningtyas, H., & Kuswanhadi. (2012). Analisis keragaman genetik isolat corynespora cassiicola (berk & curt) wei. Di Indonesia menggunakan marker ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat). Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(2), 86-99. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/12

Effect of sorbitol in callus induction and plant regeneration in wheat

Six wheat genotypes were evaluated for their response to callus induction and regeneration on MS medium modified with different concentrations of sorbitol, that is, 0, 10, 20, 30 gL-1 along with optimum (3 mgL-1) concentration of 2,4-D. Variability was observed among different genotypes for callus induction. Highest callus induction frequency was shown by Wafaq- 2001, which was about 85.62% followed by Inqalab-91 which showed 71.94% callus induction. While minimum callus induction frequency was shown by Saleem-2000 which was about 51.21%. Regarding sorbitol concentration highest average callus induction frequency (79.20%) was obtained at 20 gL-1 and lowest average callus induction frequency (59.20%) was observed at 30 gL-1. In Wafaq-2001 and Inqalab-91 plant regeneration increased gradually by increasing the sorbitol concentration from 0 to 20 gL-1 but then it decreased. Similarly Auqab-2002 had no regeneration al all on non-sorbitol medium but showed regeneration on addition of sorbitol. Similarly time duration required for plant regeneration also decreased by increasing the concentration of sorbitol. It was also observed that sorbitol has given more strength to regenerated plant

Prospect of public private partnerships in Bangladesh

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2012masterpublishedK M Serajul Munir

Energy harvesting towards self-powered iot devices

The internet of things (IoT) manages a large infrastructure of web-enabled smart devices, small devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors, and communication hardware to collect, send, and elaborate on data acquired from their environment. Thus, from a practical point of view, such devices are composed of power-efficient storage, scalable, and lightweight nodes needing power and batteries to operate. From the above reason, it appears clear that energy harvesting plays an important role in increasing the efficiency and lifetime of IoT devices. Moreover, from acquiring energy by the surrounding operational environment, energy harvesting is important to make the IoT device network more sustainable from the environmental point of view. Different state-of-the-art energy harvesters based on mechanical, aeroelastic, wind, solar, radiofrequency, and pyroelectric mechanisms are discussed in this review article. To reduce the power consumption of the batteries, a vital role is played by power management integrated circuits (PMICs), which help to enhance the system's life span. Moreover, PMICs from different manufacturers that provide power management to IoT devices have been discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the energy harvesting networks can expose themselves to prominent security issues putting the secrecy of the system to risk. These possible attacks are also discussed in this review article

Unenhanced helical CT of ureterolithiasis: incidence of secondary urinary tract findings

Objective: To determine the incidence of secondary signs of obstruction in patients with ureteral stones on unenhanced helical CT scans.MATERIAL AND Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients with suspected renal colic referred by the emergency department for an unenhanced helical CT scan were evaluated. One hundred and thirty two patients with ureteric calculi were viewed prospectively for the secondary signs of obstruction, which include hydronephrosis, hydroureter, perinephric stranding, nephromegaly, periureteral edema and difference in attenuation between acutely obstructed kidney and unobstructed kidney.Results: In the evaluated 132 patients, calculi were present in the proximal, mid and distal ureter in 12, 18 and 112 patients respectively. Four patients had a contralateral ureteric calculus while none had more than one ureteric calculus on the same site. Concurrent renal parenchymal calculi were seen in 40 patients with ureteric stones, hydronephrosis in 69, hydroureter in 93 and perinephric strandings in 66 patients. Nephromegaly was seen in 15 and periureteral edema in 42 patients. In 87% patients with acute renal obstruction, the affected kidney was less dense than the unobstructed kidney. Only 5 of 132 patients had no associated findings.CONCLUSION: Unenhanced helical CT has rapidly become the imaging technique of choice in evaluating patients with acute ureteric colic. The secondary signs of obstruction provide supportive evidence of acute obstructive process

Post-exercise hypotension time-course is influenced by exercise intensity: a randomised trial comparing moderate-intensity, high-intensity, and sprint exercise

Reductions in blood pressure (BP) induced by exercise training may be associated with the acute reduction in BP observed minutes to hours following an exercise session, termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH). However, the magnitude and time-course of PEH, including the optimal exercise characteristics to maximise it, are still unclear. Using a randomised crossover design, 16 normotensive participants (median age (range) 22 (19–31) years; 50% female) undertook three different exercise sessions: sprint interval exercise (SIE, 30 × 8-s sprints with 32 s recovery), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 15 × 1-min intervals at 90% peak heart rate (HR) with 1-min recovery), and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE, 48 min at 65% peak HR). BP and HR were monitored before and up to 90 min following each session. The three exercise sessions each showed distinct PEH and of similar overall magnitude up to 90 min post exercise; however, there were distinct differences in the time-course. Systolic BP was lower 40 min after MICE compared to HIIE (−7.7 (−13.9 to −2.4) mmHg) and diastolic BP was higher 5 min after HIIE compared to SIE (8.5 (2.3–14.7) mmHg). MICE induced lower HR up to 40 min after exercise compared to HIIE and SIE. HIIE and SIE induced PEH of similar magnitude to MICE. A phasic or ‘W-shaped’ time-course of PEH observed following HIIE and SIE contrasted to a distinct ‘V-shaped’ PEH following MICE, indicating the physiological mechanisms driving BP regulation after exercise are influenced by exercise intensity

The role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in obstructive jaundice

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of MRCP in studying the sites and cause of obstructive jaundice in comparison with other imaging modalities at the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, from January 1999 to May 2001.Methods: Forty nine consecutive patients included 19 men and 30 women, suspected of obstructive jaundice. Patients underwent ultrasound (n = 49), CT (n = 11), ERCP (n = 25) and biliary surgery (n = 17). Final diagnosis was established by surgical exploration, endoscopic sphincterectomy, cytology and clinical follow up.Results: Of the 49 patients 17 had choledocholithiasis. Twenty five patients had malignant strictures, out of which 11 had non-specific malignant strictures, 7 had pancreatic carcinoma, 3 had Klatskin tumors, 3 had periampullary carcinoma and 1 had gallbladder carcinoma. Six patients had benign strictures and 1 patient had choledochal cyst. Overall, MRCP was sensitive (88%) and specific (96.8%) in detecting choledocholithiasis. MRCP sensitivity and specificity in detecting benign main bile duct stricture was equal to 83.3% and 97.6% respectively, and 92% and 100% for malignant stricture.CONCLUSION: Our prospective study confirms that MRCP, a noninvasive and well tolerated imaging technique is of value in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice

Sintesis Nanoserat Poli(vinil Alkohol) Dalam Bentuk Lembaran Dengan Pemintal Elektrik Multi Nozel Dan Kolektor Drum

Electrospinning system with single needle and planar collector has the disadvantage of a low productivity. To overcome this problem drum collector and multi-nozzle system were employed. The multi-nozzle system was used to improve the production rate, while the drum collector was used for maintaining the uniformity of the size. The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of electric field in the electrospinning process and to control the morphology of the obtained poly(vinyl alcohol)/PVA nanofibers by changing the solution flow rate. The obtained results were: (1) PVA nanofibers membrane have been successfully produced stacked on the drum collector, (2) distortion of the electric field at the tip of the needle was occurred, which results in inhomogeneous thickness of the stacked nanofibers, and (3) the morphology of the obtained nanofibers at the flow rates of 0.4 and 0.6 ml/hour have many beads while at 0.8 ml/hour the number of beads decreased