Fracture humerus during caesarean section: a case report

Caesarean section is considered safer than vaginal delivery in risks involved for birth injury. Birth injury is more common in vaginal breech deliveries but are also encountered in caesarean section. Authors hereby report a case of long bone fracture in a neonate which occurred during caesarean section. The neonate presented with erb’s palsy and wrist drop. Baby was admitted and was managed with a U slab (pop slab) with physiotherapy which was later replaced by arm body strapping. Obstetricians and Paediatricians should remain vigilant for the rare chance occurrence of birth injuries during caesarean section also so that cases are not missed and managed timely for prevention of disability and deformities later

Stereopagnosia: Fooling Stereo Networks with Adversarial Perturbations

We study the effect of adversarial perturbations of images on the estimates of disparity by deep learning models trained for stereo. We show that imperceptible additive perturbations can significantly alter the disparity map, and correspondingly the perceived geometry of the scene. These perturbations not only affect the specific model they are crafted for, but transfer to models with different architecture, trained with different loss functions. We show that, when used for adversarial data augmentation, our perturbations result in trained models that are more robust, without sacrificing overall accuracy of the model. This is unlike what has been observed in image classification, where adding the perturbed images to the training set makes the model less vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, but to the detriment of overall accuracy. We test our method using the most recent stereo networks and evaluate their performance on public benchmark datasets

Assessment and comparision of Tongue and Sagittal Airway Dimension in class I, II and III Malocclusion - A Cephalometric study

The role of the tongue in causing malocclusion has been a source of conflicting opinions for many years. Many orthodontists have felt that the tongue plays an important role in causing malocclusions. But, it's precise role has not been conclusively established. Balters1 said that the tongue acts as a centre of reflex activity in the oral cavity. It is reasonable to expect that the tongue posture is a reflection of sagittal pharyngeal dimension, because tongue posture would have to be altered to maintain a physiologically vital airway space. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of Balters1 hypothesis concerning tongue posture and skeletal development. An attempt was also made to correlate the sagittal airway depth to tongue posture and indirectly to malocclusion. The tongue position and the sagittal airway dimension was measured in 50 patients. Out of total sample of 50 patients, 20 were class I, 20 were class II and 10 were class III. The following parameters were used: Tg1, Tg2, Tg3, Tg4, Tg5, Tg6, Tg7, Ut-NL, TgL, TGH, AAPNS, APW2 - PPW2, APW4-PPW4, BA-PNS, P3, MP-LP, ptm-ppw, LPW and PAS. The result were subjected to ANOVA and unpaired t-test. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF THE STUDY : 1. The root and posterior aspect of the dorsum of the tongue, lie at the same level in the oral cavity in all the three classes of malocclusion. 2. The anterior part of the dorsum of the tongue, lies at a significantly lower level in class III than class I and class II cases. In class I and class II cases, the tongue lies nearly at the same level, however, it is marginally higher in class I cases. 3. The tip of the tongue is significantly retracted in class II cases when compared to class I cases. In class III too, the tongue is retracted in comparison with class I cases, though only marginally. 4. Tongue length is significantly shorter in class III cases when compared to class I and class II cases. 5. The upper oropharyngeal width is about the same in all the three classes of malocclusion. 6. The lower oropharyngeal width is significantly increased in class III when compared to class I and class II cases. Through this study, it has been proved that in class III malocclusion, the tongue lies low and forward in relation to the palate in the majority of cases. It also confirms that the tongue is retracted in most cases of class II malocclusion. Thus this study validates Balters1 view in case of both class II and class III malocclusion. From the clinical point of view, this knowledge would be useful to us in diagnosis of developing class III malocclusion and making clinical procedures like space closure more efficient, where a forwardly placed tongue can hamper the procedure

Morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted in special newborn care unit of a teaching hospital in Uttarakhand, India

Background: India accounts for 24% of global neonatal mortality. It is important to study the mortality and morbidity pattern as it helps to implement new treatment protocols, interventions, planning and policy making which helps in better survival and improvement in the quality of life among survivors. The aim of the project study was to determine the causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates admitted in our hospital.Methods: This study was conducted at Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research providing level II neonatal care. This is a retrospective hospital based observational study. Data from admission and discharge registers were extracted, compiled and analyzed from March 2016 to February 2018. Neonates taken against medical advice and those referred to tertiary care centers were excluded in calculation of survival outcome. Statistical analysis was done in form of percentage, proportions and chi square test was used to find statistical significance.Results: 1582 neonates were admitted during the study period. 60.80% were inborn and 39.20% were outborn. 59.54% were male and 40.46% were female. Major causes of admission were jaundice (24.72%), sepsis (20.48%), birth asphyxia (18.52%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.11%). Birth asphyxia was the major cause of mortality, followed by sepsis and prematurity. Mortality was more in outborn babies 14.67% compared to inborn babies 9.80%.Conclusions: Neonatal jaundice, birth asphyxia and sepsis were the commonest causes of morbidity. Common causes of mortality were birth asphyxia and sepsis and prematurity. More deliveries at institutions with SNCU facility, early identification of danger signs and timely referral to tertiary care centers can prevent neonatal deaths

GNL: GeoFencing Based Smart Outdoor Navigation and Localization

Navigation is a technique used by humans to construct a plan to help them travel within a place using instruments or maps. Navigation in the modern age is done using various electronic systems which provide a real-time map of the place and the step-by-step directions to the desired destination. The technology widely used today is GPS i.e. Global Positioning System. Outdoor navigation using Google maps, here maps or safari is a common go-to for the users but the problem is the map provided by these companies just has an overview of the place and not the detailed information. The GNL approach which authors have used in this paper focuses on the navigation and localization of the gated environment so that the person living and visiting the area will get familiar with the area and understand the area very well. The web app that authors have designed can be used for the College Campus, Fairs, open museums, etc. Comparative analysis of the web app-based approach is done with an existing one. The Presented approach will not only help you in navigation but also provide you with information about the POI (Point of Interests) of those visiting places. The Geofence mechanism will help users to navigate and get information about the area. The aim is to give the user the maximum information about the place with secured transfer of information and better localization. The authors have tested the approach on the real testbed in the gated society and it provides good results for what it promises

Early diagnosis of iniencephaly: a case report with review of literature

Iniencephaly is a rare and fatal neural tube defect characterized by retroflexion of fetal head with absent neck due to spinal defects. Herein, we describe a case of iniencephaly with a brief review of literature

Utilization of antenatal care and its influence on fetal-maternal outcome: a tertiary care experience

Background: To compare the sociodemographical characteristics, obstetrical complications, and fetal-maternal outcomes in booked and unbooked mothers.Methods: In a prospective study over an 18 month period, outcomes of pregnancy booked for antenatal care were compared with that of unbooked women, who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NEIGRIHMS. Results: 802 patients were recruited to study. 479 (59.73%) were unbooked and 323 cases (40.27%) were booked. Compared with booked mothers, majority of unbooked mothers belonged to lower social class, came from remote areas and had a significant higher incidence of teenage pregnancy and Grand multiparity. Unbooked mothers had higher incidence of anemia (p< 0.0001), pregnancy induced hypertension (p= 0.033), post dated pregnancy (p<0.0001) and malpresentation (p= 0.013). Three maternal deaths were noted in the unbooked group compared to only one death in the booked group. Overall, maternal morbidity was 4.74%, with a significant difference between the two groups (p< 0.0001). 10.33% babies of unbooked and 6.12% of booked cases needed neonatal intensive care (p= 0.036). The incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid, birth asphyxia, perinatal deaths, low birth weight and APGAR score <7 at 1 min  and 5 min were significantly higher in babies of unbooked mothers.Conclusion: Poor utilization of antenatal care is associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcome

Fear and concerns of women delivering during coronavirus pandemic

Literature is sparse regarding the fears and concerns of women delivering during COVID 19 pandemic. We interviewed 12 women delivering during the initial first week of lockdown period. There were three key concern of women- fear of being exposed at hospital, restricted number of hospital visitors made them confined and self-isolated thereby making them bored and frustrated, risk of baby being infected. Virtual communication through mobile was seen as a major support in all serving as a means of contact with their loved ones. Understanding a pregnant women’s concern and fear during this pandemic will enable a health care worker in better counselling