Power/energy use cases for high performance computing

Power and Energy have been identified as a first order challenge for future extreme scale high performance computing (HPC) systems. In practice the breakthroughs will need to be provided by the hardware vendors. But to make the best use of the solutions in an HPC environment, it will likely require periodic tuning by facility operators and software components. This document describes the actions and interactions needed to maximize power resources. It strives to cover the entire operational space in which an HPC system occupies. The descriptions are presented as formal use cases, as documented in the Unified Modeling Language Specification [1]. The document is intended to provide a common understanding to the HPC community of the necessary management and control capabilities. Assuming a common understanding can be achieved, the next step will be to develop a set of Application Programing Interfaces (APIs) to which hardware vendors and software developers could utilize to steer power consumption

Internet Image Viewer (iiV)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Visualizing 3-dimensional (3-D) datasets is an important part of modern neuroimaging research. Many tools address this problem; however, they often fail to address specific needs and flexibility, such as the ability to work with different data formats, to control how and what data are displayed, to interact with values, and to undo mistakes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>iiV, an interactive software program for displaying 3-D brain images, is described. This tool was programmed to solve basic problems in 3-D data visualization. It is written in Java so it is extensible, is platform independent, and can display images within web pages.</p> <p>iiV displays 3-D images as 2-dimensional (2-D) slices with each slice being an independent object with independent features such as location, zoom, colors, labels, etc. Feature manipulation becomes easier by having a full set of editing capabilities including the following: undo or redo changes; drag, copy, delete and paste objects; and save objects with their features to a file for future editing. It can read multiple standard positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) file formats like ECAT, ECAT7, ANALYZE, NIfTI-1 and DICOM. We present sample applications to illustrate some of the features and capabilities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>iiV is an image display tool with many useful features. It is highly extensible, platform independent, and web-compatible. This report summarizes its features and applications, while illustrating iiV's usefulness to the biomedical imaging community.</p

This is done with linear scale factors (middle table) that include thresholds mapping values that would fall outside the color range to the ends

Because data words often include a quantification factor, the scaling can also be viewed in terms of quantified values (bottom picture) which may be more user-friendly by having units representing parameters such as t-values.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Internet Image Viewer (iiV)"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2342/8/10</p><p>BMC Medical Imaging 2008;8():10-10.</p><p>Published online 29 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430954.</p><p></p

The top half shows positive Z values with the 3 orthogonal images on the left representing the standard slices and the 3 orthogonal images on the right representing maximum intensity projections

At the bottom of the top half is a show point line displaying the selected voxel location and value. The bottom half shows negative Z values, minimum intensity projections, and the selected voxel location and value for the bottom half. Notice the dashed crosshairs over the right most maximum intensity projections indicates that the maximum intensity along the line perpendicular to each of those views did not occur at the currently selected voxel (the current selection was made over the transverse maximum projection).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Internet Image Viewer (iiV)"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2342/8/10</p><p>BMC Medical Imaging 2008;8():10-10.</p><p>Published online 29 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430954.</p><p></p