Fuel Cells as a Source of Green Energy

A fuel cell is an effective tool for extracting chemical energy from a special type of gaseous fuel other than fossil fuels. It is expected to be a replacement for thermal engines and rechargeable batteries within the next few years as they are emission-free and not subjected to Carnot restrictions. The fuel cell can be manufactured in different sizes depending on the amount of energy required, where it can be too small to be used in precision equipment or large enough to work as electrical stations. This proposal shows a demonstration of the principle of work involved in the fuel cells, structure components, and practice ideas to enhance the output power

Identification the internal parameters for mono-crystalline solar module using Matlab-simulation and experimental ascertainment

The research studies the effects of some weather parameters for Baghdad city on the output of the solar module of the type monocrystalline. The experimental part measures the electrical parameters of the photo-voltaic (PV) module for three levels of radiation rate 500, 750, and 1000 W/m2. The theoretical part includes the modeled and simulation of the PV panel, via the proposed mathematical single–diode model (SDM, 5 parameters), and Matlab-simulation. The Newton Raphson method was applied to find the output current of the solar panel and the plotting P-V, I-V curves.  The work involves preparing a simple mathematical model to estimate the optimal ambient conditions to give the highest output of the solar module. The validation of the model was verified by the practical testing of the cell for 6 months. The best results were obtained at standard testing conditions (25℃, 1000 W/m2). The output power calculated by the mathematical model was 30.1 W while from experimental work was 30.45 W. The relative error is 1.15%. The converge between experimental and modeling results for the same conditions is about 98.9% that proves the validity of the proposed model and the possibility of using it for all types of photovoltaic

Laser Improves Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Dung

This study investigates the digestion of cow dung (CD) for biogas production at laboratory scales. The study was carried out through anaerobic fermentation using cow dung as substrate. The digester was operated at ambient temperatures of 39.5 °C for a period of 10 days. The effect of iron powder in controlling the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been tested. The optimum concentration of iron powder was 4g/L with the highest biogas production. A Q – swatch Nd:YAG laser has been used to mix and homogenize the components of one of the six digesters and accelerate digestion. At the end of digestion, all digestions effluent was subjected to 5 laser pulses with 250mJ/pules to dispose waste biomass