Sunjammer

No abstract available

Data Supply Chain (DSC): development and validation of a measurement instrument

The volume and availability of data produced and affordably stored has become an important new resource for building organizational competitive advantage. Reflecting this, and expanding the concept of the supply chain, we propose the Data Supply Chain (DSC) as a novel concept to aid investigations into how the interconnected data characteristics relate to and impact organizational performance. Initially, we define the concept and develop a research agenda on DSC coupling theoretical background of strategy and operations literature. Along with the conceptualization, we develop a set of propositions and make suggestions for future research including testing and validating the model fit

Teaching periodontal pocket charting to dental students: a comparison of computer assisted learning and traditional tutorials

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a computer assisted learning (CAL) programme with that of traditional small group tutorials in teaching theoretical and practical aspects of periodontal pocket charting. METHOD: Sixty-one third year undergraduate dental students were randomized to either receive a tutorial or to work through the CAL programme. Students using the CAL programme completed questionnaires relating to previous computer experience and the ease of use of the programme. All students were assessed immediately after the intervention by means of a confidence log, a practical exercise and a further confidence log. They were assessed again three weeks later by means of a confidence log and a multiple-choice written test. RESULTS: There were very few significant differences between groups for any of the assessments used. However, subjective comments indicated that students occasionally felt disadvantaged if they had not received a tutorial. CONCLUSION: CAL and traditional teaching methods are equally effective in teaching periodontal pocket charting to undergraduate dental students

Li non-stoichiometry and crystal growth of untwinned 1D quantum spin system Lix Cu2 O2

Floating-zone growth of untwinned single crystal of Li_xCu_2O_2 with high Li content of x ~ 0.99 is reported. Li content of Li_xCu_2O_2 has been determined accurately through combined iodometric titration and thermogravimetric methods, which also ruled out the speculation of chemical disorder between Li and Cu ions. The morphology and physical properties of single crystals obtained from slowing-cooling (SL) and floating-zone (FZ) methods are compared. The floating-zone growth under Ar/O_2=7:1 gas mixture at 0.64 MPa produces large area of untwinned crystal with highest Li content, which has the lowest helimagnetic ordering temperature ~19K in the Li_xCu_2O_2 system.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Short-Term Cardiac and Noncardiac Mortality Following Liver Transplantation

Objectives. To determine the importance of acute cardiac events as a cause of mortality compared to non-cardiac events in the four month period following liver transplantation (LT) using current preoperative cardiac screening strategies. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed timing, type, and outcome of adverse cardiac events, and all cause mortality in the 4 month postoperative period in 393 consecutive LT patients from October 1999 to February 2008. Results. Of 30 total deaths (7.6% overall mortality rate), 27 (90%) were due to surgical or medical complications and 3 (10%) were primary cardiac deaths (0.8% cardiac mortality rate). Acute cardiac events occurred in 26 patients (6.6%), including 13 arrhythmias (50%), 7 new onset heart failures (27%), and 6 myocardial infarctions (23%). Twelve of 13 intraoperative events were arrhythmias (92%) including two of three cardiac deaths. Conclusions. Using current preoperative screening recommendations, deaths from primary cardiac events within four months of LT are very uncommon (0.8%), especially compared with deaths related to medical and surgical complications (6.9%)

The use of antibodies to the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) to analyze the protein components that assemble on alternatively spliced pre-mRNAs that use distant branch points

We are using the rat beta-tropomyosin (beta-TM) gene as a model system to study the mechanism of alternative splicing. Previous studies demonstrated that the use of the muscle-specific exon is associated with the use of distant branch points located 147-153 nt upstream of the 3' splice site. In addition, at least one protein, the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), specifically interacts with critical cis-acting sequences upstream of exon 7 that are involved in blocking the use of this alternative exon in nonmuscle cells. In order to further study the role of PTB, monoclonal antibodies to PTB were prepared. Anti-PTB antibodies did not inhibit the binding of PTB to RNA because they were able to supershift RNA-PTB complexes. To determine if additional proteins interact with sequences within the pre-mRNA, 35S-met-labeled nuclear extracts from HeLa cells were mixed with RNAs and the RNA-protein complexes were recovered by immunoprecipitation using antibodies to PTB. When RNAs containing intron 6 were added to an 35S-met-labeled nuclear extract, precipitation with PTB antibodies showed a novel set of proteins. By contrast, addition of RNAs containing introns 5 or 7 gave the same results as no RNA, indicating that these RNAs are unable to form stable complexes with PTB. These results are in agreement with our previous studies demonstrating that PTB interacts with sequences within intron 6, but not with sequences within introns 5 and 7. When 35S-met-labeled HeLa nuclear extracts were mixed with biotinylated RNA containing intron 6 and the RNA-protein complexes were recovered using streptavidin-agarose beads, an identical pattern of proteins was observed when compared with the immunoprecipitation assay. Analysis of the proteins that assembled on introns 5, 6, or 7 using biotinylated RNA revealed a unique set of proteins that interact with each of these sequences. The composition of proteins interacting with sequences associated with the use of the 3' splice site of intron 6 included proteins of 30, 40, 55, 60, 65, 70, 80, and 100 kDa. Microsequencing identified two of the proteins to be Sam68 and the Far Upstream Element Binding Protein (FBP) from the c-myc gene. In addition, a comparison of the proteins that assemble on introns from the alpha- and beta-TM genes that utilize distant branch points revealed common as well as unique proteins that assemble on these introns. These studies identify a set of proteins, in addition to PTB, that are likely involved in the use of distant branch sites associated with the use of alternatively spliced introns

Cerebrospinal fluid interferon alpha levels correlate with neurocognitive impairment in ambulatory HIV-Infected individuals

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) continue to be common and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era are not fully understood. Interferon alpha (IFNα) is an antiviral cytokine found to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of individuals with advanced HIV-associated dementia in the pre-cART era. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between IFNα and neurocognitive performance in ambulatory HIV-infected individuals with milder impairment. An eight-test neuropsychological battery representing six cognitive domains was administered. Individual scores were adjusted for demographic characteristics, and a composite neuropsychological score (NPT-8) was calculated. IFNα and CSF neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There were 15 chronically infected participants with a history of significant immunocompromise (median nadir CD4+ of 49 cells/μl). Most participants were neurocognitively impaired (mean global deficit score of 0.86). CSF IFNα negatively correlated with three individual tests (Trailmaking A, Trailmaking B, and Stroop Color-Word) as well as the composite NPT-8 score (r = −0.67, p = 0.006). These negative correlations persisted in multivariable analyses adjusting for chronic hepatitis B and C. Additionally, CSF IFNα correlated strongly with CSF NFL, a marker of neuronal damage (rho = 0.748, p = 0.0013). These results extend findings from individuals with severe HIV-associated dementia in the pre-cART era and suggest that IFNα may continue to play a role in HAND pathogenesis during the cART era. Further investigation into the role of IFNα is indicated

Corridors of barchan dunes: stability and size selection

Barchans are crescentic dunes propagating on a solid ground. They form dune fields in the shape of elongated corridors in which the size and spacing between dunes are rather well selected. We show that even very realistic models for solitary dunes do not reproduce these corridors. Instead, two instabilities take place. First, barchans receive a sand flux at their back proportional to their width while the sand escapes only from their horns. Large dunes proportionally capture more than they loose sand, while the situation is reversed for small ones: therefore, solitary dunes cannot remain in a steady state. Second, the propagation speed of dunes decreases with the size of the dune: this leads -- through the collision process -- to a coarsening of barchan fields. We show that these phenomena are not specific to the model, but result from general and robust mechanisms. The length scales needed for these instabilities to develop are derived and discussed. They turn out to be much smaller than the dune field length. As a conclusion, there should exist further - yet unknown - mechanisms regulating and selecting the size of dunes.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures. New version resubmitted to Phys. Rev. E. Pictures of better quality available on reques