6-Benzyl-2-[(triphenyl-λ5-phosphanyl­idene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro­thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C33H28N3PS, the P atom has a distorted tetra­hedral PNC3 environment, formed by the N atom and three aryl rings. No inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding inter­actions or π–π stacking inter­actions are present in the crystal structure

The number of beds occupied is an independent risk factor for discharge of trauma patients

Reducing the burden of limited capacity on medical practitioners and public health systems requires a time-dependent characterization of hospitalization rates, such that inferences can be drawn about the underlying causes for hospitalization and patient discharge. The aim of this study was to analyze non-medical risk factors that lead to the discharge of trauma patients. This retrospective cohort study includes trauma patients who were treated in Switzerland between 2011 and 2018. The national Swiss database for quality assurance in surgery (AQC) was reviewed for trauma diagnoses according to the ICD-10 code. Non-medical risk factors include seasonal changes, daily changes, holidays, and number of beds occupied by trauma patients across Switzerland. Individual patient information was aggregated into counts per day of total patients, as well as counts per day of levels of each categorical variable of interest. The ARIMA-modeling was utilized to model the number of discharges per day as a function of auto aggressive function of all previously mentioned risk factors. This study includes 226,708 patients, 118,059 male (age 48.18, standard deviation (SD) 22.34 years) and 108,649 female (age 62.57, SD 22.89 years) trauma patients. The mean length of stay was 7.16 (SD 14.84) days and most patients were discharged home (n = 168,582, 74.8%). A weekly and yearly seasonality trend can be observed in admission trends. The mean number of occupied trauma beds ranges from 3700 to 4000 per day. The number of occupied beds increases on weekdays and decreases on holidays. The number of occupied beds is a positive, independent risk factor for discharge in trauma patients; as the number of occupied beds increases at any given time, so does the risk for discharge. The number of beds occupied represents an independent non-medical risk factor for discharge. Capacity determines triage of hospitalized patients and therefore might increase the risk of premature discharge

In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum,polyamines are synthesized by a bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are crucial for cell differentiation and proliferation. Interference with polyamine biosynthesis by inhibition of the rate-limiting enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) andS-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) has been discussed as a potential chemotherapy of cancer and parasitic infections. Usually both enzymes are individually transcribed and highly regulated as monofunctional proteins. We have isolated a cDNA from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparumthat encodes both proteins on a single open reading frame, with the AdoMetDC domain in the N-terminal region connected to a C-terminal ODC domain by a hinge region. The predicted molecular mass of the entire transcript is 166 kDa. The ODC/AdoMetDC coding region was subcloned into the expression vector pASK IBA3 and transformed into the AdoMetDC- and ODC-deficient Escherichia coli cell line EWH331. The resulting recombinant protein exhibited both AdoMetDC and ODC activity and co-eluted after gel filtration on Superdex S-200 at ~333 kDa, which is in good agreement with the molecular mass of ~326 kDa determined for the native protein from isolated P. falciparum. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the recombinant ODC/AdoMetDC revealed a heterotetrameric structure of the active enzyme indicating processing of the AdoMetDC domain. The data presented describe the occurrence of a unique bifunctional ODC/AdoMetDC in P. falciparum, an organization which is possibly exploitable for the design of new antimalarial drugs

Neuromorphic Hardware In The Loop: Training a Deep Spiking Network on the BrainScaleS Wafer-Scale System

Emulating spiking neural networks on analog neuromorphic hardware offers several advantages over simulating them on conventional computers, particularly in terms of speed and energy consumption. However, this usually comes at the cost of reduced control over the dynamics of the emulated networks. In this paper, we demonstrate how iterative training of a hardware-emulated network can compensate for anomalies induced by the analog substrate. We first convert a deep neural network trained in software to a spiking network on the BrainScaleS wafer-scale neuromorphic system, thereby enabling an acceleration factor of 10 000 compared to the biological time domain. This mapping is followed by the in-the-loop training, where in each training step, the network activity is first recorded in hardware and then used to compute the parameter updates in software via backpropagation. An essential finding is that the parameter updates do not have to be precise, but only need to approximately follow the correct gradient, which simplifies the computation of updates. Using this approach, after only several tens of iterations, the spiking network shows an accuracy close to the ideal software-emulated prototype. The presented techniques show that deep spiking networks emulated on analog neuromorphic devices can attain good computational performance despite the inherent variations of the analog substrate.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, submitted to IJCNN 201

Emissionsvermeidung oder Anpassung an den Klimawandel: Welche Zukunft hat die Klimapolitik?

Die gegenwärtige im Kyoto-Protokoll festgelegte Klimapolitik versucht vorrangig, dem Klimawandel mit einer Strategie der Emissionsverminderung zu begegnen. Die dort festgelegten Reduktionsziele für den CO2-Ausstoß sind für viele Länder nicht mehr zu realisieren. Und einige Länder, die zu den größten Emittenten gehören, vor allem die USA, haben sich dem Kyoto-Protokoll nicht angeschlossen. Sollte die Klimapolitik in Zukunft weniger auf Emissionsvermeidung und eher auf eine Anpassung an die Erderwärmung zielen

Field test of a practical secure communication network with decoy-state quantum cryptography

We present a secure network communication system that operated with decoy-state quantum cryptography in a real-world application scenario. The full key exchange and application protocols were performed in real time among three nodes, in which two adjacent nodes were connected by approximate 20 km of commercial telecom optical fiber. The generated quantum keys were immediately employed and demonstrated for communication applications, including unbreakable real-time voice telephone between any two of the three communication nodes, or a broadcast from one node to the other two nodes by using one-time pad encryption.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, typos correcte