Anticoagulation in pulmonary TB induced deep vein thrombosis is it always warranted: a case report

India is a densely populated developing country and accounts for one quarter of the total tuberculosis cases reported worldwide. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been associated with 1.5-3.4% cases of tuberculosis. A 14 year female presented with complaints of cough with progressive breathlessness (NYHA Grade III) since 15 days along with easy fatiguability and fever for 3 days. The patient was started on Anti-Tubercular Treatment (ATT) as per RNTCP guidelines after thorough investigations. One week after the patient was started on ATT, the patient developed edema of the right lower limb accompanied by pain. Color doppler was suggestive of thrombosis in the superficial and deep veins. Early immobilization and physiotherapy was started immediately. Over a period of 10 days, the swelling gradually decreased, and pain subsided. Tuberculosis is an independent risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolism irrespective of the presence of other risk factors. Emphasis is thus laid on high index of suspicion and early diagnosis to control and prevent further complications like pulmonary embolism. We can propose that in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, early immobilization and physiotherapy can prevent the development of DVT

Econometrics Modelling Approach to Examine the Effect of STEM Policy Changes on Asian Students Enrollment Decision in USA

Academic research has shown significant interest in international student mobility, with previous literature primarily focusing on the migration industry from a political and public policy perspective. For many countries, international student mobility plays a crucial role in bolstering their economies through financial gains and attracting skilled immigrants. While previous studies have explored the determinants of mobility and country economic policies, only a few have examined the impact of policy changes on mobility trends. In this study, the researchers investigate the influence of immigration policy changes, particularly the optional practical training (OPT) extension on STEM programs, on Asian students' preference for enrolling in STEM majors at universities. The study utilizes observational data and employs a quasi-experimental design, analysing the information using the difference-in-difference technique. The findings of the research indicate that the implementation of the STEM extension policy in 2008 has a significant effect on Asian students' decisions to enroll in a STEM major. Additionally, the study highlights the noteworthy role of individual factors such as the specific STEM major, terminal degree pursued, and gender in influencing Asian students' enrollment decisions

Risk of AI in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Study Framework

This study conducts a thorough examination of the research stream focusing on AI risks in healthcare, aiming to explore the distinct genres within this domain. A selection criterion was employed to carefully analyze 39 articles to identify three primary genres of AI risks prevalent in healthcare: clinical data risks, technical risks, and socio-ethical risks. Selection criteria was based on journal ranking and impact factor. The research seeks to provide a valuable resource for future healthcare researchers, furnishing them with a comprehensive understanding of the complex challenges posed by AI implementation in healthcare settings. By categorizing and elucidating these genres, the study aims to facilitate the development of empirical qualitative and quantitative research, fostering evidence-based approaches to address AI-related risks in healthcare effectively. This endeavor contributes to building a robust knowledge base that can inform the formulation of risk mitigation strategies, ensuring safe and efficient integration of AI technologies in healthcare practices. Thus, it is important to study AI risks in healthcare to build better and efficient AI systems and mitigate risks

Relapse of Takayasu’s arteritis with tuberculosis relapse: a rare presentation

Takayasu’s Arteritis (TA) is a disease of unknown etiology with incidence between 1.2 to 2.3 cases per million per year. It is a chronic granulomatous arteritis affecting large elastic arteries, predominantly the aorta, its main branches, pulmonary and coronary arteries characterized histologically by an inflammatory cell infiltrate that affects all the layers of the arterial wall. The etiology of TA is not clear but a causal relationship between TA and tuberculosis (TB) have been suggested. The first case of Takayasu’s arteritis was described in 1908 by Japanese ophthalmologist Mikito Takayasu. Despite the association with tuberculosis and the similarity between granulomatous lesions in both the diseases, the exact role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the pathogenesis of TA is still unknown

Prevalence of childhood asthma and its immediate outcome - At tertiary care rural hospital

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways resulting in episodic airway obstruction. Globally, childhood asthma is increasing in the prevalence, despite improvements in investigation and treatment. Childhood asthma seemed more prevalent in urban population and now even in rural areas of India. Objectives: To know the prevalence, assess the risk factors, severity, and immediate outcome of the treatment offered to asthmatic children in a tertiary rural hospital. Materials and Methods: All the diagnosed asthmatic children up to 18 years were enrolled in the study. All the patients of pulmonary Koch’s, congenital heart disease and chronic lung disease were excluded from the study. Clinical profile was noted in recruited patients. Results: The prevalence of childhood asthma among children visiting to our department was 3.93%. 58 (48.33%) had age of onset before the age of 6 years. Asthma was more prevalent in boys. 116 (96.66%) children presented with complain of cough, and 118 (98.33%) children had associated breathlessness. Common precipitating factors were change in season (71.66%), pollen allergy (58.33%), air pollutieon (45.00%), and passive smoking (23.33%). Exercise-induced asthma was seen in 55% cases, diurnal variation in 60% and 28.33% children had family history of atopic disease. Majority of the patient was undernourished. The average duration of stay in persistent asthma is 1.8 times more than in intermittent asthma. Conclusion: Significant number of patient becomes symptomatic before the 6 years of age. Prevention of child from exposure to passive smoking, environmental improvement, and allergen avoidance are major aspects for prevention of asthma exacerbations

A comparative study of clinical, biochemical and hematological profiles in smear positive malaria patients: at a tertiary care center located in rural part of Gujarat, India

Background: Aims and objectives of current study were to study the clinical, biochemical and hematological profiles in smear positive malaria patients and its correlation to immediate outcome of patient. To analyze the biochemical and hematological imbalances and its correlation with clinical presentation and type of malarial parasites. To elucidate the correlation of hematological and biochemical changes in children infected with malaria and their impact on immediate outcome of patients.Methods:All patients admitted with a diagnosis of malaria in department of Pediatrics at Dhiraj Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara, during the study period of January 2013 to June 2014. Sample size was 106 cases. Inclusion criteria for the study was all children under 18 years of age with smear positive malaria cases diagnosed. The study was done after obtaining a detailed history, complete general physical examination and systemic examination. The patients were subjected to relevant investigations. The data regarding patient particulars, diagnosis and investigations is collected in a specially designed case recording form and transferred to a master chart subjected to statistical methods like mean, standard deviation, proportion, percentage calculation and wherever necessary chi square test for proportion are used.Results: Total 106 patients were enrolled in study. Complications of PF (N=31): Jaundice 16%, severe anemia 23%, thrombocytopenia 29%, leukopenia in 23%, hyponatremia in 29.1%, cerebral malaria in 16% and hyperkalemia in 17%. Complications of PV (N=65): Jaundice 20%, severe anemia 20%, thrombocytopenia 18%, leukopenia in 11%, hyponatremia in 44.6%, hyperkalemia in 9%, cerebral malaria in 12.3%  and hypoglycemia in 3.77%.Conclusions:The incidence of malaria is higher in males than females. Thrombocytopenia is very common in malaria, but spontaneous bleeding is not so common finding in malaria. Mixed infections behave like falciparum malaria. P. vivax malaria though traditionally considered to be a benign entity can also have a severe and complicated course, which is usually associated with P. falciparum malaria.

Solid-State Recycling of Light Metal Reinforced Inclusions by Equal Channel Angular Pressing: A Review

Solid-state recycling of light metals reinforced inclusions through hot Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is performed to directly recycle metal scraps and reduce cost of material in engineering applications. The ECAP is one of the most important method in severe plastic deformation (SPD) that can convert light metals into finished products. This paper reviews several experimental and numerical works that have been done to investigate the effects of the ECAP parameters such as die angles, material properties, outer corner angle, friction coefficient, temperature, size of chips, pressing force, ram speed and direct effects of number of passes on the strain distributions. It also includes the performance enhancement of aluminium matrix composite reinforced ceramic-based particles that derived from direct recycled aluminium chips for sustainable manufacturing practices

Deep vein thrombosis with tuberculosis: a rate presentation of common disease

Tuberculosis remains an infectious disease with high prevalence worldwide. An association between tuberculosis-induced inflammation and hypercoagulable state has been described in the literature. Deep vein thrombosis is a rare complication of the disease, and very few cases are reported worldwide. Furthermore, such manifestation is very rare in the paediatric age group. The paediatrician’s awareness of this phenomenon is important for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Here, we report two cases of severe pulmonary tuberculosis associated with deep vein thrombosis in the pediatric age group

Are statins worthy for treatment of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Statins are drugs used for locking the synthesis of cholesterol as it inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Besides action on cholesterol, statins also possess multiple pleiotropic actions such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, angiogenesis promotion and increase in bone formation; other new pleiotropic effects of statins are continuously being described, but their clinical relevance has not been established. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis was planned to assess the effect of systemic or local statin therapy on clinical as well as radiographic periodontal parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methodology: A search was performed in the electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO and Cochrane databases for randomised controlled trial on humans, and hand search was also carried out. The included articles were screened for their risk of bias and data extracted in predefined format. The meta-analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis. Software: Random effects model was used for pooled analysis. Results: Six studies were included in systematic review having moderate to low risk of bias. Four studies were included in meta-analysis. Results of meta-analysis for clinical parameters such as clinical attachment level (1.95 mm), probing depth (2.28 mm) and marginal sulcular bleeding index (1.10) as well as for radiographic parameters such as intrabony defect (1.90 mm) were statistically significant for locally applied statins. Conclusion: As statins are effective and safe in short-term use and locally delivered and user-friendly, they can be more widely used in periodontal treatment