Caracterización ontogénica y funcional del sistema inmunitario de la dorada (Sparus aurata L.) / Iván Mulero Méndez; directores, Victoriano Mulero Méndez, Alfonsa García Ayala, José Meseguer Peñalver.

Texto en español e inglés.Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M. 3628

Modulation of leukocytic populations of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) by the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa: Myxosporea)

The cellular mucosal and systemic effectors of gilthead sea bream (GSB) (Sparus aurata) involved in the acute immune response to the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei were studied in fish experimentally infected by the anal route. In the intestinal inflammatory infiltrates and in lymphohaematopoietic organs (head kidney and spleen) of parasitized fish, the number of plasma cells, B cells (IgM immunoreactive) and mast cells (histamine immunoreactive) were significantly higher, whereas the number of acidophilic granulocytes (G7 immunoreactive) decreased, compared with non-parasitized and unexposed fish. These differences were stronger at the posterior intestine, the main target of the parasite, and no differences were found in the thymus. In non-parasitized GSB, the percentage of splenic surface occupied by melanomacrophage centres was significantly higher. These results suggest that the cellular response of GSB to E. leei includes proliferation of leukocytes in lymphohaematopoietic organs and recruitment into intestines via blood circulation involving elements of innate and adaptive immunity. Acidophilic granulocytes and mast cells presented opposite patterns of response to the parasite infection, with an overall depletion of the former and an increased amount of the latter. Some differences between both cell types were also detected in regard to their granule density and cell morphology. © Cambridge University Press 2013.Peer Reviewe

Cellular immune response of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) to Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa)

Ponencia presentada en la 16th Conference on Diseases of Fish and Shellfish celebrada en Tampere (Finlandia) del 2 al 6 de septiembre de 2013Enteromyxosis in gilthead sea bream (GSB) (Sparus aurata) consists of severe chronic catharral enteritis causing a cachectic syndrome and death. The ethiologic agent is the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei, which penetrates and proliferates in the paracellular space between enterocytes. The parasite disrupts the epithelial organization and provokes epithelial desquamation triggering an intense inflammatory response locally. By means of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, the distribution pattern of some leukocytic populations was studied at intestinal and haematopoietic levels in GSB anally intubated with E. leei (R, recipient). Tissue sections of Bouin fixed and paraffin embedded portions of anterior intestine (Ai), posterior intestine (Pi), head kidney (Hk), spleen (Sp) and thymus (Th) were taken at 15 and 40 days post inoculum (d.p.i.). For immunohistochemistry, the G7 monoclonal antibody (Mab) against GSB acidophilic granulocytes (AGs), a polyclonal antibody (Pab) against histamine, which is stored in mast cell (MC) granules, and a Pab against GSB IgM labeling plasma cells and B cells (PCs/BCs) were applied. In splenic sections, melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) and their sizes were quantified. PCs/BCs and MCs increased significantly, whereas AGs decreased in the inflammatory infiltrates of parasitized (PAR) intestinal sections, compared to intestines of non-parasitized (NON-PAR) and unexposed (CTRL) fish. These differences were stronger at the Pi section, the main target of the parasite, and at 40 d.p.i. In Hk and Sp of R fish at 40 d.p.i., PCs/BCs and MCs also increased, whereas AGs decreased. No differences were found in the Th. In NON-PAR GSB (vs. PAR and CTRL groups), the number of MMCs and the percentage of splenic surface occupied by MMCs increased, though only significantly for the latter. To conclude, during enteromyxosis in GSB, PCs/BCs, MCs and MMCs seem to proliferate in haematopoietic tissues and PCs/BCs and MCs are recruited to the site of infection, while AGs show an overall depletion.This work was funded by MICINN through project AGL2009-13282-C02-01, and by the ¿Generalitat Valenciana¿ (projects PROMETEO 2010/006 and ISIC 2012/003). I. E. received a Ph D FPI fellowship.Peer Reviewe

Zebrafish Danio rerio as a model for the study of pathogenesis and vaccination against viral diseases

Poster.-- 10th Congress of the International Society of Developmental and Comparative lmmunology, July 1‐6, 2006, Charleston, South Carolina, USAN

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for the study of vaccination against viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)

11 páginas, 7 figurasThe rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the etiological agent of one of the most important salmonid viral diseases. In the present work, the ability of VHSV to infect and replicate in zebrafish at low temperature (15 ◦C) was demonstrated. Zebrafish was also used to determine the effectiveness of the recombinant virus rIHNV-Gvhsv GFP as a live attenuated vaccine against the virulent VHSV strain. Fish intraperitoneally injected with 3×106 to 3×105 TCID50/ml of the wild typeVHSVshowed a 100% of cumulative mortality, meanwhile only 57% of mortality was obtained in bath infections. Infected fish showed external clinical signs and histological observations revealed the appearance of small haemorrhages in the muscle, kidney, liver and dermis. Neither mortalities nor clinical signs were recorded in fish infected with a live attenuated recombinant virus. By RT-PCR technique, VHSV was detected in all the organs as early as 24 h, but the recombinant virus was not detected in all the sampled days. VHSV was able to replicate “in vitro” in head kidney cells but the replication capacity of the attenuated viral strain was limited. The recombinant virus rIHNV-Gvhsv GFP was able to protect against VHSV with a survival rate ranging from 20% to 60% depending of the vaccine dose. The increase of TLR3, IFN , Mx, IFN and TNF expression at 72 h post-infection in the kidney of VHSV-infected fish contrasted with the results obtained with the avirulent virus, which did not induce an increment of this expression in infected fish. Zebrafish is a suitable animal model to study VHSV infection and immune (innate and adaptive) responses and, more importantly, we demonstrate for the first time the usefulness of the zebrafish as a vaccination model to viral diseases. In addition, the high protection obtained with the live attenuated virus demonstrates that the zebrafish is able to mount an efficient antiviral immune response at 15 ◦C.This work was supported by the project PGIDIT02- PXIC40204PN from Xunta de Galicia and BIO 2005-05078 and BIO 2001-2324-C02-01 from the Ministerio de Educaci ´on y Ciencia, Spain. A. Romero and I. Rodr´ıguez acknowledge the CSIC for the I3P fellowship.Peer reviewe

Big Data Value Chain: Multiple Perspectives for the Built Environment

Current climate change threats and increasing CO2 emissions, especially from the building stock, represent a context where action is required. It is necessary to provide efficient manners to manage energy demand in buildings and contribute to a decarbonised future. By combining new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, Internet of things, blockchain, and the exploitation of big data towards solving real life problems, the way could be paved towards smart and energy-aware buildings. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present a critical review and an in-detail definition of the big data value chain for the built environment in Europe, covering multiple needs and perspectives: “policy”, “technology” and “business”, in order to explore the main challenges and opportunities in this area

Immunolocalisation of microcystins in colonies of the cyanobacterium Rivularia in calcareous streams

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