Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat terhadap Penyakit Gastritis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Barombong Kota Makassar

Penyakit gastritis adalah suatu penyakit luka atau lecet pada mukosa lambung. Seseorang penderita penyakit gastritis akan mengalami keluhan nyeri pada lambung, mual, muntah, lemas, kembung, dan terasa sesak, nyeri pada ulu hati, tidak ada nafsu makan, wajah pucat, suhu badan naik,keringat dingin, pusing atau bersendawa serta dapat juga terjadi perdarahan saluran cerna.Tujuan : Diketahuinya gambaran tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap penyakit gastritis di wilayah kerja puskesmas Barombong Kota Makassar.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif yang akan mengukur atau menilai tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap penyakit gastritis di wilayah kerja puskesmas Barombong kota Makassar.Hasil penelitian menunjukan gambaran tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap penyakit gastritis di wilayah kerja puskesmas Barombong kota Makassar secara umum termasuk dalam kategori baik yaitu sebayak 51 responden (85,0%). Tetapi masih didapatkan pengetahuan tentang gastritis dalam kategori buruk yaitu sebanyak 9 responden (15,0%).Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 10 hari mulai dari tanggal 12 sampai tanggal 21 juni 2014. Selama penelitian berlangsung, didapatkan sampel yang memenuhi kriteria sebanyak 70 responden. Setelah data diolah dan dianalisa, maka didapatkan hasil pengetahuan Masyarakat yang baik sebanyak 51 responden (85,0%), dan pengetahuan masyarakat yang buruk sebanyak 9 responden (15,0%). Sedangkan data yang menunjukan sikap masyarakat yang baik terhadap penyakit gastritis sebanyak 59 responden (98,3%) dan sikap masyarakat yang buruk sebanyak 1 responden (1,7%).Kesimpulan yang diambil dari penilitian ini yaitu semua Responden yang ada di wilayah kerja puskesmas Barombong Kota Makassar  memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik terhadap penyakit gastritis. Sedangkan Saran dalam penelitian ini Penelitian ini adalah diharapkan mampu menjadi sumbangan pemikiran dan mampu memperluas khasanah ilmu pengetahuan serta memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat khususnya dibidang kesehatan

Analisis Portofolio Optimal Saham Syariah Menggunakan Multi Index Models (Periode: 04 Januari 2010 1 Juli 2013)

The portfolio is a combination or aggregation of two or more individual stock and concern for investors is to form the optimum portfolio and one of the ways that can be used are Multi-Index Models (MIM). This Model is a development of the Single Index Models (SIM), if on a SIM only consider one factor that affects the value of the stock, then return at MIM considers more than one factor. This study discusses the optimal portfolio analysis using Multi-Index Models with a case study on the stock of the Sharia Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) period 4 January 2010 1 July 2013 by using composite stock price index (IHSG), index Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and index the Hang Seng Index as a factor in MIM. The results of this research were obtained that the optimum portfolio is a portfolio that was created based on the stocks that had the highest positive return value, i.e. UNVR 41,40%, SMGR 40.66%, KLBF 11.01, and LPKR 6,93% with a value of expected return portfolio amounted to 2.55% and risk of a portfolio of 0,29%

Peningkatan Keterampilan Sosial dalam Kerja Kelompok dengan Pembelajaran Outdoor Study

This study aimed to improve social skills in group work and social studies with outdoor study. The research methodology used Classroom Action Research Approach. The results showed that study of outdoor learning can improve social skills in group work, Cycle III of social skills in work groups of students for each indicator was visible on the indicator of turns or share a very good criteria with a total score of 109, or 90.83%, both indicators provide criticism and suggestions gained both criteria with a total score of 104, or 86.66%, The third indicator of emotional control criteria obtained a very good total score of 96 or 80%, obtained good the fourth indicator criteria very well with a total score of 91 or 50.83%, the fifth indicator of expressing opinion in problem solving obtained criteria with a total score of 82 or 63.33%, The sixth indicator receive opinions find solutions together to get both criteria with a total score of 84 or 70%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial dalam kerja kelompok mata pelajaran IPS dengan outdoor study. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran outdoor study dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sosial dalam kerja kelompok. Pada akhir siklus III keterampilan sosial dalam kerja kelompok setiap indikatornya terlihat pada indikator bergiliran atau berbagi memperoleh kriteria sangat baik dengan skor total 109 atau 90,83%, indikator memberikan kritik dan saran memperoleh kriteria baik dengan skor total 104 atau 86,66%, indikator mengontrol emosi memperoleh kriteria sangat baik skor total 96 atau 80%, indikator memperoleh kriteria sangat baik dengan skor total 91 atau 50,83%, indikator menyampaikan pendapat pemecahan masalah memperoleh kriteria baik dengan total skor 82 atau 63,33%, indikator menerima pendapat mencari solusi bersama mendapatkan kriteria baik dengan skor total 84 atau 70%

Why do people not attend for treatment for trachomatous trichiasis in Ethiopia? A study of barriers to surgery.

BACKGROUND: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery is provided free or subsidised in most trachoma endemic settings. However, only 18-66% of TT patients attend for surgery. This study analyses barriers to attendance among TT patients in Ethiopia, the country with the highest prevalence of TT in the world. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Participants with previously un-operated TT were recruited at 17 surgical outreach campaigns in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. An interview was conducted to ascertain why they had not attended for surgery previously. A trachoma eye examination was performed by an ophthalmologist. 2591 consecutive individuals were interviewed. The most frequently cited barriers to previous attendance for surgery were lack of time (45.3%), financial constraints (42.9%) and lack of an escort (35.5% in females, 19.6% in males). Women were more likely to report a fear of surgery (7.7% vs 3.2%, p<0.001) or be unaware of how to access services (4.5% vs 1.0% p<0.001); men were more frequently asymptomatic (19.6% vs 10.1%, p<0.001). Women were also less likely to have been previously offered TT surgery than men (OR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.53-0.94). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The major barriers to accessing surgery from the patients' perspective are the direct and indirect costs of surgery. These can to a large extent be reduced or overcome through the provision of free or low cost surgery at the community level. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00522860 and NCT00522912

Integrating an NTD with One of “The Big Three”: Combined Malaria and Trachoma Survey in Amhara Region of Ethiopia

The “big three” killer diseases are malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis; control programs for these diseases are usually well developed and financed. The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of ancient afflictions that are frequently sidelined by planners and are under-resourced. Opportunities of integrating the big three with NTDs have been talked about but not widely acted upon. There is potential synergy for an integrated trachoma and malaria control program since control of both diseases is community-based. The first step in accessing these synergies has been an integrated malaria prevalence and indicator and trachoma prevalence and risk factor survey. This has been achieved at the incremental cost of one additional staff member per field team. The results give unprecedented precision for the calculation of intervention targets for the integrated program and demonstrate that it is possible to integrate NTDs with the “big three.

Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: a household survey in Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: In most resource-poor settings, malaria is usually diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms and not by detection of parasites in the blood using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). In population-based malaria surveys, accurate diagnosis is important: microscopy provides the gold standard, whilst RDTs allow immediate findings and treatment. The concordance between RDTs and microscopy in low or unstable transmission areas has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malaria parasites in randomly selected malarious areas of Amhara, Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia, using microscopy and RDT, and to investigate the agreement between microscopy and RDT under field conditions. METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted in 224 randomly selected clusters of 25 households each in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions, between December 2006 and February 2007. Fingerpick blood samples from all persons living in even-numbered households were tested using two methods: light microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood slides; and RDT (ParaScreen device for Pan/Pf). RESULTS: A total of 13,960 people were eligible for malaria parasite testing of whom 11,504 (82%) were included in the analysis. Overall slide positivity rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4-5.0%) while ParaScreen RDT was positive in 3.3% (95% CI 2.6-4.1%) of those tested. Considering microscopy as the gold standard, ParaScreen RDT exhibited high specificity (98.5%; 95% CI 98.3-98.7) and moderate sensitivity (47.5%; 95% CI 42.8-52.2) with a positive predictive value of 56.8% (95% CI 51.7-61.9) and negative predictive value of 97.6% (95% CI 97.6-98.1%) under field conditions. CONCLUSION: Blood slide microscopy remains the preferred option for population-based prevalence surveys of malaria parasitaemia. The level of agreement between microscopy and RDT warrants further investigation in different transmission settings and in the clinical situation

Epilation for minor trachomatous trichiasis: four-year results of a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) needs to be managed to reduce the risk of vision loss. The long-term impact of epilation (a common traditional practice of repeated plucking of lashes touching the eye) in preventing visual impairment and corneal opacity from TT is unknown. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of epilation versus surgery for the management of minor TT (fewer than six lashes touching the eye) in Ethiopia. Here we report the four-year outcome and the effect on vision and corneal opacity. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 1300 individuals with minor TT were recruited and randomly assigned to quality trichiasis surgery or repeated epilation using high quality epilation forceps by a trained person with good near vision. Participants were examined six-monthly for two-years, and then at four-years after randomisation. At two-years all epilation arm participants were offered free surgery. At four-years 1151 (88.5%) were re-examined: 572 (88%) and 579 (89%) from epilation and surgery arms, respectively. At that time, 21.1% of the surgery arm participants had recurrent TT; 189/572 (33%) of the epilation arm had received surgery, while 383 (67%) declined surgery and had continued epilating ("epilation-only"). Among the epilation-only group, 207 (54.1%) fully controlled their TT, 166 (43.3%) had minor TT and 10 (2.6%) had major TT (&gt;5 lashes). There were no differences between participants in the epilation-only, epilation-to-surgery and surgery arm participants in changes in visual acuity and corneal opacity between baseline and four-years. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE: Most minor TT participants randomised to the epilation arm continued epilating and controlled their TT. Change in vision and corneal opacity was comparable between surgery and epilation-only participants. This suggests that good quality epilation with regular follow-up is a reasonable second-line alternative to surgery for minor TT for individuals who either decline surgery or do not have immediate access to surgical treatment