A Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 4 of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Associated with Production Traits in Bali Cattle

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the gene candidates that can be used in selection strategy by using DNA markers (marker assisted selection). Gene candidate strategy is a molecular biology techniques to identify quantitative trait loci directly, with the assumption that genetic variation associated to quantitative trait variation. This study was designed to identify any new mutations in exon 4 that can cause the IGF-1 gene polymorphism and then affect the production traits on Bali cattle. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery was conducted by using the direct sequencing technique. Genetic variation of the genes candidate was identified by using PCR-RFLP technique. The results of this study indicate the presence of a new SNP in exon 4 of IGF-1 gene caused by the T/C transition, which can be identified using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. Genotypic polymorphism of IGF-1/Rsa1 has a significant influence on birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of Bali cattle. CC genotype had a birth weight rate, weaning weight and average daily gain of: 15.64±1.83; 83.15±9.00, and 0.439±0.07 respectively, higher than the TT and CT genotype. IGF-1/Rsa1 can be used as a genetic marker for selection of birth weight, weaning weight, and daily body weight gain

Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Pembiayaan USAha Pembibitan Ternak Sapi

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas kebijakan pemerintah terhadap pembiayaan pembibitan sapi, melihat faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penyaluran skim kredit, dan merumuskan saran dan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penyaluran dan penyerapan skim kredit kredit USAha pembibitan sapi/KUPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode evaluasi deskriptif untuk mendapatkan gambaran menyeluruh dari pelaksanaan program kredit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis gap untuk mengevaluasi realisasi penyaluran dan target yang telah ditetapkan, analisis kesisteman untuk mengetahui efektivitas program, analisis persepsi responden untuk memperoleh umpan Balik masyarakat dan analisis regulatory impact assessment untuk menentukan saran dan rekomendasi untuk program kredit tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas program kredit lebih rendah daripada tujuan pencapaiannya. Tanggapan masyarakat terhadap kebijakan ini sangat besar tetapi terdapat banyak kendala yang dihadapi oleh pelaku USAha pembibitan. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi adalah perbankan, pemerintah, dan pelaku USAha pembibitan itu sendiri. Rekomendasi terhadap program skim kredit ini adalah (1) meningkatkan dukungan dari bank, (2) pengurangan program pemerintah yang tumpang tindih, (3) meningkatkan kemampuan petani dalam mengakses bank, dan (4) meningkatkan penyaluran kredit dengan menggunakan program pola dua subsidi

Identifikasi Genetik Menggunakan Marker Mikrosatelit Dan Hubungannya Dengan Sifat Kuantitatif Pada Sapi

The occurrence of genetic changes in Bali and Brangus cattle crossing and it\u27s relationship to quantitative traits (e.g. growth and birth weight) were identified using microsatellite markers. Sixteen microsatellite loci were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, the amplified products were then separated on vertical discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver-staining method was applied to detect the fragment. The evaluation to the stability and allele inheritance pattern were checked using Chi-Square segregation analysis. The results of this research showed that allele numbers average detected in Brangus and Bali cattle and their progeny were 2.31, 2.56, and 2.75 respectively. At most microsatellite loci, the allele distributions incline to concentrate and to form bimodal trend. Of 16 micro satellite loci tested, 5 microsatelitte markers namely INRA 037, HEL 9, CSSM 66, INRA 035 and ETH 225 indicated a significant response to average daily gain. In terms of birth weight, a significant response was shown by INRA 037

Strategi Bersaing Pada Rantai Nilai Ayam Ras Pedaging PT Ciomas Adisatwa Region Jawa Barat Unit Bogor

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) memetakan rantai nilai ayam ras pedaging pada PT Ciomas Adisatwa Region Jawa Barat Satuan Bogor (PTCA), 2) menganalisis gross margin pada ayam pedaging rantai nilai PTCA, 3) mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi PTCA, dan 4) merumuskan strategi untuk meningkatkan daya saing PTCA. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan nilai analisis rantai, gross margin, analisis SWOT dan analisis Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Dari pemetaan rantai nilai PTCA sebagai kelompok Japfa mendapatkan pakan, day old chick, dan vaksin dari Japfacomfeed, Multibreeder Adirama, dan Vaksindo, dan didistribusikan ke pertanian plasma. Output pertanian komersial akan didistribusikan oleh rumah potong ayam (RPA) dan kolektor dalam kondisi ayam hidup. Kolektor akan mengirimkan ke pasar obat tradisional dan RPA mendistribusikan ke restoran supermarket dan pasar tradisional tersebut. Distribusi dikelompokkan menjadi tiga jalur input-PTCA-kolektor-RPA-distributor-konsumen, input-PTCA-RPA-distributor-konsumen, input-PTCA-kolektor-distributor-konsumen. Analisis marjin laba kotor menemukan bahwa PTCA mendapat 5% dengan nilai 55% saham, kolektor mendapat 12% dengan 10%, RPA 14% dengan nilai saham 17% dan distributor 13% dengan nilai saham 17%. Petani mendapat marjin terkecil dan RPA mendapat marjin terbesar dari rantai nilai di PTCA. Menurut perhitungan AHP sumber daya manusia peternakan, daya beli meningkat, teknologi baru dalam pemuliaan manajemen, dukungan dari kelompok mendapat penilaian lebih tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini, disarankan aktor yang terlibat dalam rantai nilai PTCA untuk melakukan produk, proses, fungsional, dan peningkatan saluran

Y Chromosome Microsatellites Variation in Bali Cattle (Bos Sondaicus) Population

Seven Y chromosome specific microsatellites were typed in a sample of 36 unrelated males from Bali cattle breed. Analysis variation of microsatellites marker in Bali cattle were determinate from PCR products by using 7 primer pairs that flanking microsatellites (INRA008, INRA057, INRA062, INRA124, INRA126, DYS 199, and INRA 189). PCR products were separated by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and silver staining method was used to detect allele polymorphism at each locus. From two different geographical breed origin showed that Bali cattle from Bali island has higher heterozygous (h=0.33) level than Lombok island (h=0.30), but the number of allele was few (only two alleles) in all of locus. It is indicated that Bali cattle from two geographical origins were not significant in genetic variation. We know that Y chromosomal microsatellite in general has tend to specific allele in breed comparing to autosomal chromosome, because allele come from only male or Y sex chromosome and it contrary to autosomal chromosome where allele is contributed from male and female. FAO has specified that minimum four distinct alleles per locus for proficient judgment of genetic differences between breeds and this study we only used one breed, so it may not significantly to discriminate in Bali cattle population. For next study we need more Y chromosomal microsatellite marker to discriminate more Indonesian breeds related to tracing the genetic potential and because males animal has roles in genetic spreading which can have an enormous impact on highly selected domestic animal populations. (Animal Production 11(3): 149-154 (2009

Comparative Performance of Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc Breeds of Swine

The objectives of this study was to analyze the comparative ability of animal genetic, using evaluation of production that has important economic traits including Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc breeds of swine. A total of 49 swine consist 15 boars and 34 gilts, with average body weight of 18.50-21.50kg were used in this research. All of samples were raised in the same pen and feeding management. This research used the experimental method of Completely Randomized Design involving three treatments of animal breeds including Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc breeds. The data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance procedur General Linier Model and Least Square Means test. Boars and gilts were analyzed in separated data. The result showed that the effect of breed was significantly associated for all traits, but not for boars feed intake. The overall, Yorkshire and Landrace performed better than Duroc for average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, selection index, and age at 90 kg body weight. However, Duroc boars and gilts had the thinnest backfat followed by Yorkshire and Landrace

The Use of Microsatellite Markers to Study Genetic Diversity in Indonesian Sheep

The purpose of this research was to study genetic diversity in Indonesian sheep population usingmicrosatellite markers. A total of 18 microsatellite loci have been used for genotyping Indonesian sheep.Total sheep blood 200 samples were extracted from garut sheep of fighting and meat types, purbalinggasheep, batur sheep and jember sheep populations by using a salting out method. Microsatellite loci datawere analyzed using POPGENE 3.2 software. Based on this study obtained 180 alleles from 17microsatellite loci, while average number of alleles was 6.10 alleles (6 to 18 alleles) from fiveIndonesian sheep populations (garut sheep of fighting type, garut sheep of meat type, purbalingga sheep,batur sheep and jember sheep population). The average of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expectedheterozygosity (He) values were 0.5749 and 0.6896, respectively, while the genetic differentiation forinbreeding among population (FIS), within population (FIT) and average genetic differentiation (FST)were 0.1006, 0.1647 and 0.0712, respectively. Genetic distance and genetic tree showed that Indonesiansheep population was distinct from garut sheep of fighting and meat types, purbalingga sheep, batursheep and jember sheep population. Based on this results were needed a strategy for conservation andbreeding programs in each Indonesian sheep population

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Sapi Perah Skala Mikro Berwawasan Lingkungan di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat

Until now, the development of the environmentally sound micro-scale dairy cattle business (USPSMWL) in the District of Sagalaherang and Ciater of the Subang Regency not fully reached the desired level yet. The growth of the dairy cow population of about 1% per year is still below the national growth of 1.29%; beside that, the environmental quality of some of the business of dairy cows (USP) is still not good yet. Results from the survey showed that most location of the cow shed was placed < 5 meters of residential houses. By the end of 2010, more than 80% dairy cow waste has not well managed, so it could be risk factors: air pollution,public health problem and odor. This study was intended to findstrategiesfor developing USPSMWL in Subang Regency. This study has used a method based on the analysis of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Respondents of this study were 6 experts,  drawn from banking sector, animal husbandry sector, Dairy Milk Cooperative of Northen Bandung (KPSBU), Cooperative sector, Regency Government, and Environment sector.Theresults show that  the “first priority actor” in the development USPSMWL in Subang Regency is “The Government of Regency, District, and Village ”; the “first priority factor” is “The readiness of the community”, the “first priority objective” is “The increasing community income”; and the “first priority strategy” is “The increasing readiness of the community/farmers to conduct the business of dairy farming (USP)”. Based on experts opinion in AHP, it can be concluded that the role of the Government of the Regency/District/Village in the development of USPSMWL in Subang Regency is the primary importance. The main strategy to be implemented is “to increase the community/farmers’ readiness to conduct dairy farming business (USP)”. It is matched with the real needs of communities in the location of the USP included  (a) the need for increased knowledge and positive attitude of “non-dairy farmers” and “dairy farmers” community; (b) the need for capital support or procurement of production means for dairy farming, and (c) the need for increased motivation of the people to develop USPSMWL