Some studies on Lorentz transformation matrix in non-cartesian co-ordinate system

The Lorentz matrices for transformation of co-ordinates in Cartesian system are presented for the cases when the relative velocity between two reference frames is along X , Y and Z axes. The general form of the matrix for transformation of co-ordinates from unprimed to primed frame has been deduced in case of Cartesian co-ordinate system with the help of the above matrices. This matrix has not been transformed to the cases of cylindrical and spherical polar co-ordinates due to the fact that the calculations are cumbersome and lengthy. Hence, considering the relative velocity between two frames along a co-ordinate axis the transformation matrix has been found out for cylindrical and spherical co-ordinates

Role of low dose danazol therapy for endometriosis related infertility and its comparison with laparoscopic fulguration in low resources

Background: The objective was to study the role of laparoscopic fulguration and danazol therapy for endometriosis in case of infertility followed by comparison of both therapies.Methods: The present cross–sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology SN Medical College Agra. Over the period from December 2010 to November 2013. Symptomatic women (n=50) of age group 20-39 yrs coming to gynecology OPD were selected for study group. The study group was subjected to detailed history, physical examination laboratory test, ultrasound examination, and laparoscopy. Then 50 patients were allotted for laparoscopic fulguration and 50 for danazol treatment.Results: Out of 100 on transvaginal sonography, 10%of patient have cyst 2cm size, rest 70% have normal scan. On laparoscopy 52% of patient have red lesion, 16% have bluish black lesion, 20% have yellow brown lesion rest 22% have normal findings. On danazol therapy pelvic pain and dysmenorrhoea was relieved in 64% and 52% conceived .on laparoscopic fulguration symptom were relieved in 69% and 60% conceived.Conclusions: Based on this study it can be concluded that choice of therapy depend on age of patient,  duration of infertility, physical findings, goal of surgery, experience of surgeon and most important the  availability of resources. In this study result was comparable

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single dose intravenous iron carboxymaltose verses multidose iron sucrose in post-partum cases of severe iron deficiency anemia

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Anemia is the most common treatable, direct/indirect cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India.Methods: 100 cases with iron deficiency anemia in post-partum patient were selected from postpartum wards and assigned in two groups of 50 each. In group A iron carboxymaltose injection administered by intravenous infusion up to a maximum single dose of 20 ml of iron carboxymaltose injection (1000 mg of iron). In group B Iron sucrose was given as 200mg elemental iron (2 ampules of 5 ml) in 100ml of 0.9% normal saline infusion over 1 5 min alternate days up to 5 days. All patients were monitored for rise in hemoglobin level and any adverse effect at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks of iron therapy.Results: In group A mean Hemoglobin level rise is 3.95 g/dl and in group B it is 3.32 g/dl at 4 weeks of initial therapy. In group A 100% cases achieved target hemoglobin at 12 weeks after therapy while in group B 98% cases achieved target hemoglobin at 12 weeks after therapy. In group A 12% cases have grade 1 adverse reaction while in group B 20% cases have adverse reaction.Conclusions: Administration of intravenous iron has a good clinical result, with minimum adverse reactions. Thus we can conclude that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose therapy is safe, convenient, more effective and faster acting than intravenous iron sucrose for treatment of severe iron deficiency anemia in postpartum patient

Passive Q-switched and Mode-locked Fiber Lasers Using Carbon-based Saturable Absorbers

This chapter aims to familiarize readers with general knowledge of passive Q-switched and mode-locked fiber lasers. It emphasizes on carbon-based saturable absorbers, namely graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs); their unique electronic band structures and optical characteristics. The methods of incorporating these carbon-based saturable absorbers into fiber laser cavity will also be discussed. Lastly, several examples of experiments where carbon-based saturable absorbers were used in generating passive Q-switched and mode-locked fiber lasers are demonstrated

Evaluation of cervical smear in high risk women

Background: Objectives of current study were (i) To find out the pattern of cervical smear in females having risk factors. (ii) To observe the relationship between abnormal cervical smear with high risk factors.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Guwahati medical college & hospital from July 2009 to August 2010 with the help of Pathology department. 200 women attending gynecological OPD with associated risk factors were selected at random. Detailed history, demographic information, contraceptive history and coital history were taken. Smear was taken from endocervix with the help of Ayer’s spatula or cytobrush.Results:Out of 200 cases, in 110 (55%) the smear was reported negative for malignancy. 73(36.5%) had an inflammatory smear, 11 (5.5%) had CIN, 1(0.5%) had malignancy and 5(2.5%) the smear was inadequate for cytological examination. In the study mean age of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) was 42.64 ± 6.34 years. Low socio-economic status, high parity & the use of oral contraceptive pills were major risk factors.  Conclusion:Cervical smear should be routinely used as a reliable diagnostic aid for early detection carcinoma cervix especially in high risk cases. The need of the hour is to create awareness and easy accessibility to proper screening.

Synthetic and structural investigation of ZnO nano-rods, hydrothermally grown over Au coated optical fiber for evanescent field-based detection of aqueous ammonia

We present the fabrication of modified clad optical fiber coated with ZnO nanorod over Au thin film to be served as ammonia gas sensor. The deposited material ZnO synthesized by hydrothermal process and modified clad fiber is coated by Autoclave technique. The as-synthesized materials are characterized by XRD, XPS, FTIR, Raman spectra and its hexagonal nanorods morphology was checked by FESEM. The ZnO coated over Au thin film fiber is found to be a good candidate towards ammonia sensing. The developed sesnor exihibted sensitivity (%) ~ 0.638 of ammonia gas at room temperature

Extragalactic radio sources with sharply inverted spectrum at metre wavelengths

We present the first results of a systematic search for the rare extragalactic radio sources showing an inverted (integrated) spectrum, with spectral index $\alpha \ge +2.0$, a previously unexplored spectral domain. The search is expected to yield strong candidates for $\alpha \ge +2.5$, for which the standard synchrotron self-absorption (characterized by a single power-law energy distribution of relativistic electron population) would not be a plausible explanation, even in an ideal case of a perfectly homogeneous source of incoherent synchrotron radiation. Such sharply inverted spectra, if found, would require alternative explanations, e.g., free-free absorption, or non-standard energy distribution of relativistic electrons which differs from a power-law (e.g., Maxwellian). The search was carried out by comparing two sensitive low-frequency radio surveys made with sub-arcminute resolution, namely, the WISH survey at 352 MHz and TGSS/DR5 at 150 MHz. The overlap region between these two surveys contains 7056 WISH sources classified as `single' and brighter than 100 mJy at 352 MHz. We focus here on the seven of these sources for which we find $\alpha > +2.0$. Two of these are undetected at 150 MHz and are particularly good candidates for $\alpha > +2.5$. Five of the seven sources exhibit a `Gigahertz-Peaked-Spectrum' (GPS).Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Effect of certain indigenous technical knowledge on the management of red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae) in tea

An investigation was carried out at Deha Tea Estate, Jorhat, Assam during 2015-16 by using different indigenous technicalknowledge (ITK) prevalent among different small tea growers. Fish extract at (0.25, 0.5 and 1%), Polygonum hydropiper at (2.5,5 and 7.5%) and Azadirachtin (Neemazal-F 5%) were evaluated in field conditions against tea mite. The result showed that fishextract in combination with cow dung, cow urine and water when sprayed at one per cent concentration, significantly reduced redspider mite population (96.5%), percentage of leaves infestation (5.2%) and leaf area infested by the mite (11.6%). P. hydropiperin combination with cow urine and water when sprayed at 7.5 per cent concentration significantly reduced red spider mitepopulation (87.5%), percentage of infestation (9.1%) and leaf area infested by the mite (12.9%). Among all the ITKs, fish extractat one per cent caused higher reduction of infestation of red spider mite followed by P. hydropiper extract at 7.5 per cent.Influence of both the treatments on the management of red spider mite was at par with that of commercial Azadirachtin

50 cm of Zirconia, Bismuth and Silica Erbium-doped Fibers for Double-pass Amplification with a Broadband Mirror

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have saturated the technological market but are still widely used in high-speed and long-distance communication systems. To overcome EDFA saturation and limitations, its erbium-doped fiber is co-doped with other materials such as zirconia and bismuth. This article demonstrates and compares the performance using three different fibers as the gain medium for zirconia-erbium-doped fibers (Zr-EDF), bismuth-erbium-doped fibers (Bi-EDF), and commercial silicaerbium-doped fibers (Si- EDF). The optical amplifier was configured with a double-pass amplification system, with a broadband mirror at the end of its configuration to allow double-pass operation in the system. The important parameters in amplifiers such as optical properties, optical amplification and noise values were also examined and discussed. All three fibers were 0.5 m long and entered with different input signals: 30 dBm for low input and 10 dBm for high input. Zr-EDF turned out to be the most relevant optical amplifier as it had the highest optical gain, longest transmission distance, highest average flatness gain with minimal jitter, and relevant noise figures suitable for the latest communication technology