Analisis Pemasaran Sayur Mayur di Desa Alebo Kecamatan Konda Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

The purpose of this study was to find out the marketing strategies of vegetables in Alebo Village, find out the revenue from the sale of vegetables and the number of contributions from vegetable farming to the total income of farmer households. This research was conducted in Alebo Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency. The population in this study were all vegetable farmers in Alebo Village with a total of 150 people. Determination of the sample is done by simple random sampling. Determination of the number of samples using the Slovin formula in Rianse (2009) which is as many as 60 people. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Data analysis using descriptive method is a method that aims to analyze marketing strategies based on marketing mix strategies, namely product, price, place, and promotion, the results of vegetable sales at the Farmer level in Alebo Village Konda Sub-District, South Konawe District and to find out contributions income from vegetable farming to farmers\u27 total income is used percentage formula. The results showed that the marketing strategy of vegetables produced by farmers in Alebo Village was to use a mixed marketing strategy such as the first strategy of product mix was the farmers\u27 strategy on four vegetable products such as kale, spinach, long beans and chili having a product. quality and quantity are determinants and influence competitive advantage in the vegetable industry. Farmers must pay more attention to the characteristics of marketable vegetables. The second strategy of price mix, namely pricing at the level of vegetable farmers in Alebo Village is determined based on market mechanisms. Given the collectors commonly called papalele to have the capital to do marketing and are most able to access the market. the third mixed distribution strategy is the vegetable marketing channel that this farmer has one channel in which producer farmers do vegetable marketing through papalele. And four promotional mix strategies are a form of promotion carried out by vegetable farmers in their products by means of personal sales promotions. Receipt of sales results are often faced with price fluctuations sometimes high even low if low but farmers do not lose. Based on the results of the study, vegetable prices at the time of the study were categorized as normal prices. And vegetables are sold out. The contribution from vegetable farming to the total household income in Alebo village is 88%. This shows that vegetable farming is a source of income that contributes greatly to respondent farmers

Exploring Marketing Strategy as a Catalyst for Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Nigerian Manufacturing Sector: A Theoretical Review

Manufacturing firms are key initiators of innovation and economic growth but fail in attempt to gain sustainable competitive advantage. Achieving competitive advantage in any organization through various marketing strategies is pertinent to achieving organizational success. The formulation of theories that help explain how organization can achieve sustainable competitive advantage has increased in recent time. Through the lens of theoretical review, this paper aims to explore the key theories in literatures that best explain how sustainable competitive advantage is achieved through marketing strategies. The review exclusively makes use of systematic sampling in reviewing existing literatures on marketing strategies and sustainable competitive advantage from 1960s to 2019. The finding reveals four major normative theories that are distinctively competitive and marketing oriented: resource advantage theory, organizational capability theory, industrial organization theory and theory of competitiveness. Although there is no consensus that one theory is the best practice considering the future and turbulent nature of business environment, the paper further singled out resource advantage and capability theory as the best theory that can help organization achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Hence, business owners should put in place adequate resources and capabilities to help them gain sustainable competitive advantage over their competitors

A REVIEW ON MARKETING STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF SMES IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR

The problems associated with marketing strategies have assumed multifarious dimensions with wide implications in achieving business competitiveness, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. This therefore calls for the adoption of marketing strategies in order to achieve successful competition and growth. This paper explores marketing strategies as a paradigm for sustainable competitive advantage for SMEs in the manufacturing sector. This paper is based on resource advantage theory which focuses on the control and ownership of distinctive quantity of competitive resources that foster sustainable competitive advantage and growth. Three major forms of marketing strategies were identified: cost leadership, product differentiation and market segmentation. The review exclusively makes use of systematic sampling in reviewing existing literatures on marketing strategies and sustainable competitive advantage. The findings reveals that good marketing companies win, sustain and grow customers by understanding customers need and designing customer-driven marketing strategies. Marketing strategies such as cost leadership, product differentiation and market segmentation are now widely used and practiced by established firms in a highly competitive market as a panacea for future competitiveness and long-term sustainability. Thus, this suggests that marketing strategies are good tools in achieving business competitiveness. Hence, business owners should put in place effective marketing strategies to help them gain sustainable competitive advantage over their competitors

Exploring Marketing Strategy as a Catalyst for Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Nigerian Manufacturing Sector: A Theoretical Review

Manufacturing firms are key initiators of innovation and economic growth but fail in attempt to gain sustainable competitive advantage. Achieving competitive advantage in any organization through various marketing strategies is pertinent to achieving organizational success. The formulation of theories that help explain how organization can achieve sustainable competitive advantage has increased in recent time. Through the lens of theoretical review, this paper aims to explore the key theories in literatures that best explain how sustainable competitive advantage is achieved through marketing strategies. The review exclusively makes use of systematic sampling in reviewing existing literatures on marketing strategies and sustainable competitive advantage from 1960s to 2019. The finding reveals four major normative theories that are distinctively competitive and marketing oriented: resource advantage theory, organizational capability theory, industrial organization theory and theory of competitiveness. Although there is no consensus that one theory is the best practice considering the future and turbulent nature of business environment, the paper further singled out resource advantage and capability theory as the best theory that can help organization achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Hence, business owners should put in place adequate resources and capabilities to help them gain sustainable competitive advantage over their competitors

Measuring N2- Fixation by some Varieties of Groundnut and their Residual Effect on Subsequent Sorghum Crop using 15N Methodology

Five varieties of groundnuts were studied for their exact amount of nitrogen fixation effect on subsequent sorghum crop. The 15N methodology was used with a non-nodulating groundnut isoline as the reference crop. Six months after the groundnut harvest, sorghum was sown to study the presence of any residual N from fixation and/or soils own conserved N. The non-nodulating groundnut as a reference crop could detect N fixation (Ndfa) as amounting to 60% —70% of the crops need, i.e., 20%-30% more than the 40% -50% detected using sesame as the reference crop. The N derived from soil (Ndfs) was reduced from 50%-60% to 30%-40% which is much closer to what the low N (300ppm) Gezira soil can provide. Subsequent sorghum was positively affected by the preceding groundnut varieties but only variety Medani gave significant straw and total biological yields over the non-nodulating isoline. There was, therefore, an indication of residual N represented by the higher parameters recorded for the varieties. Groundnut is thus a good preceding crop for cereals though more research work is needed in the area of biological nitrogen fixation

Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Direct Drive Electric Powered Hammer Mill Machine

This research designed, fabricated and tested a direct drive electric powered hammer mill machine. A 3 HP electric motor with speed of 1800 rpm was used to power the mill. The fundamentals of machine design, mechanics of machine and basic workshop technology were applied in manufacturing the mill. The calculated design values for maximum centrifugal force of the beaters mounted on the rotor and the maximum machine shaft diameter of the mill are 27 KN and 12 mm respectively. The working principle of the mill is based on repeated combined hammers (beaters) impacts and collisions of the materials being milled with the housing of the milling compartment. Tests were carried out on the mill using dry maize, dry millet, dry stock fish and the combination of dry maize, dry millet and dry stock fish as samples to determine the mill productivity and milling efficiency. In determining the productivity and milling efficiency of the mill, the initial masses of the samples were made equal.  The dry stock fish sample produced the highest mill productivity and milling efficiency. The actual mill productivity of 45.05 kg/h and milling efficiency of 91.12 % were obtained by averaging the mill productivities and milling efficiencies obtained when the samples were tested. From the calculated values of the actual mill productivity and milling efficiency, the mill performance is satisfactory. Keywords:  Efficiency, Milling, Productivity, Shaft diameter, Size

Effect of Temperature on in vitro Survival of some Bradyrhizobium Strains

Evaluating Rhizobium survival in inoculants exposed to high temperature may be considered the first stage in identifying potential inoculant strains that would withstand temperature stress on inoculated seeds in the field. High temperatures may adversely affect the survival of Rhizobium in packaged inoculants during storage and inoculation (Somasegaran et al., 1984), and the viability of rhizobia in inoculants may be lost in a few weeks at temperatures of 350C or higher (Smith, 1987). Low storage temperature, however, is not always better than room temperature, as some slow growing bradyrhizobia were found to survive better at 260C than at 40C (Vincent, 1982). Soil temperature is also an important environmental variable that affects general biological activity. Nodulation and N2-fixation were observed under a wide range of temperatures with an optimum range between 20 and 300C. Elevated temperatures affect nodule initiation and development in temperate legumes, whereas, in tropical legumes it is mainly N2 fixation efficiency that is affected (Somasegaran et al., 1984). Temperature changes affect the competitive ability of Rhizobium strains and there are also specific temperature-sensitive Rhizobium legume combinations e.g. R. Legumino- sarum biovar-trifolii that forms nodules with Trifolium subterranium (Lewis-Henderson and Djordjevic, 1991(

Isolation and Characterization of the Endophytic N2 – Fixing Bacterium, Acetobacter Diazotrophicus aAssociated with Sugarcane Plants

Acetobacter  diazotrophicus is an obligate endophytic N2- fixing bacterium mainly associated with sugarcane and other sugar-rich plants that are propagated vegetatively (Kirchhof et al., 1998). This bacterium does not survive in soil or in weeds found in cane fields (Dobereiner, 1995) ). The presence of this endophyte within the tissues of sugarcane plants no doubt supplements the N-nutrition of the crop. This plants, preliminary work, thus attempts, for the first time, to isolate and characterize endophytes within the tissues of sugarcane plants grown in Kenana Sugar Company