Unusual anatomy of a mandibular second molar with three separate roots: A case report

Anatomical variation in the number of roots and root canals can occur in any tooth.  Aberrant morphology of the root canal system may hinder cleaning and shaping procedures, leading to failure of endodontic treatment. The aim  of this study was to show one example of  root canal anatomical variation and to emphasise the importance of knowledge of the internal anatomy of the tooth for the success of endodontic treatment. Mandibular second molars usually have   two roots with three root canals; however, other anatomical configurations may also exist. In this case report, the author described the endodontic treatment of a mandibular second molar with three separate roots and discussed  the importance of understanding, identification and treatment of this unusual anatomy

The Relations between Initial Training with Autonomous Motivation, Thriving and Turnover Intentions of Recruiters in the Staffing Industry

The high turnover rate in the staffing industry has received a lot of attention in the business world. However, initial training may be positively related to a recruiter’s autonomous motivation as well as their thriving and job retention. This research study aims to explore, in the staffing industry, the relation between the initial training provided to recruiters and their autonomous motivation. In addition, the study will explore the relation between autonomous motivation and the recruiters’ thriving at work and their turnover intentions. One hundred recruiters in 22 staffing agencies participated in the study by completing a paper-based questionnaire. The findings from the study revealed support for the seven hypotheses. This study measured initial training in five different ways. Initial training was positively related to autonomous motivation and thriving at work, and negatively related to turnover intentions. In addition, autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between initial training and turnover intentions, as well as initial training and thriving at work. The only measure of training that did not yield expected results was that the number of initial training days had no effect on the dependent variables. The small sample size, a threat to external validity, and history effect are some of the limitations in the study. Future research could expand this study to other industries, increase the sample size, as well as examine if pay structure or type of recruitment influence the results. Keywords: autonomous motivation, training, thriving, turnover intention

Assessment of the Health Status and Needs of Bahraini Women.

Women’s health problems in Bahrain are varied and create a major challenge for the health system, increasing demand on health centers and requiring provision of comprehensive health services for women throughout their life span. Lack of women’s involvement in planning health care services and health policies, along with limited research and literature regarding women’s health in Bahrain, has resulted in health disparities such as increased chronic diseases.This was a cross-sectional study designed to examine the perceived and actual health status, health practices and needs for Bahraini women aged 18 to 64 years, while examining the reliability and validity of the SF-36 scale with Bahraini population, during the period August to October 2009. The SF-36 Health Status Survey (Arabic Version), a structured questionnaire, and medical chart reviews for chronic conditions were used. In addition, women’s blood pressure, weight and height were measured. A systematic random sample of 258 women was selected from local health centers. The SF-36 perceived health status scale was found to be reliable and valid when used with this population, however the reliability of the scale could be improved if the scale were modified to the local Bahraini dialect. The perceived health status scores for Bahraini women were similar to the Arabic populations and different from US populations. Obesity, anemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and hypertension were identified as the most common women’s health problems in Bahrain. Results showed that 70% of the women were overweight or obese and the number of chronic conditions they had was a significant determinant of their health status. Bahraini women identified access to women’s health specialists, annual screening for chronic conditions, nutritional, health education, and exercise programs as their highest priority health care needs. Recommendations to re-examine the SF-36 scale when modified to the local language, re-evaluation of women’s health services, and planning future services according to their health needs is fundamental to improve health of Bahraini women’s.Ph.D.NursingUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77851/1/mukhaim_1.pd

أثر الربيع العربي على التحول الديمقراطي في الوطن العربي (2011-2021)

هدف المقال التعرف على أثر الربيع العربي على التحول الديمقراطي في الوطن العربي (2011-2021). ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والمنهج المقارن، ومنهج تحليل النظم باعتبارها أكثر مناهج البحث العلمي ملاءمة للدراسة الحالية، وقد تمت صياغة فرضية الدراسة: هناك علاقة ارتباطية بين الربيع العربي وبين التحول الديمقراطي في الدول العربية ، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن أثر الربيع العربي على التحول الديمقراطي كان إيجابياً تارّة بدليل حالة تونس والمغرب، بينما كان سلبياً تارةً أخرى بدليل حالة العديد من الدول العربية في مؤشر الديمقراطية العالمي وعلى رأسها سوريا واليمن وليبيا، وقد أوصت الدراسة بتعزيز آليات التداول السلمي للسلطة في الدول العربية، وترسيخ مبدأ التعددية السياسية وقبول الآخر، والتنسيق والتعاون العربي المشترك للقضاء على التنظيمات الإرهابية والأفكار المتطرفة، والعمل على تسوية سياسية في سوريا؛ كون الأحداث التي عاصرتها منذ العام 2011 غيرت من كافة التفاعلات داخل المنطقة العربية، وفتحت الباب واسعاً أمام التدخلات الإقليمية والدولية في هذه المنطقة. The article aimed to identify the impact of the Arab Spring on the democratic transformation in the Arab world (2011-2021). To achieve this goal, the analytical descriptive, comparative, and systems analysis approaches were used as the most suitable scientific research approaches for the current study. The study hypothesis, There is a correlation between the Arab Spring and the democratic transformation in the Arab countries, was proven it’s validity as the study revealed that the impact of the Arab Spring on the democratic transformation was positive at times, as evidenced by the cases of Tunisia and Morocco, while it was negative at other times, as evidenced by the cases of many Arab countries in the Global Democracy Index, namely: Syria, Yemen, and Libya. The study recommended strengthening the mechanisms of peaceful transfer of authority in the Arab countries, consolidating the principle of political pluralism and acceptance of the other, coordinating and joint Arab cooperation to eliminate terrorist organizations and extremist ideas, and trying for a political settlement in Syria; due to the fact that the events that Syria witnessed since 2011 changed all interactions within the Arab region, and opened the door wide for regional and international interventions in this region

Selective Interactions of Valeriana officinalis Extracts and Valerenic Acid with [3H]Glutamate Binding to Rat Synaptic Membranes

Although GABA neurotransmission has been suggested as a mechanism for Valeriana officinalis effects, CNS depression can also be evoked by inhibition of ionotropic (iGluR) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). In this study, we examined if aqueous valerian extract interacted with glutamatergic receptors. Freshly prepared aqueous valerian extract was incubated with rat cortical synaptic membranes in presence of 20 nM [3H]Glutamate. Aqueous valerian extract increased [3H]Glutamate binding from 1 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−3 mg/mL. In the presence of (2S,1′S,2′S)-2-(Carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (LCCG-I) and (2S,2′R,3′R)-2-(2′,3′-Dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV), Group II mGluR agents, valerian extract markedly decreased [3H]Glutamate binding, while (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl) propanoic acid) (quisqualic acid, QA), Group I mGluR agonist, increased [3H]Glutamate binding. At 0.05 mg/mL aqueous valerian extract specifically interacted with kainic acid NMDA and AMPA receptors. Valerenic acid, a marker compound for Valeriana officinalis, increased the [3H]Glutamate binding after 1.6 × 10−2 mg/mL, and at 0.008 mg/mL it interacted only with QA (Group I mGluR). The selective interactions of valerian extract and valerenic acid with Group I and Group II mGluR may represent an alternative explanation for the anxiolytic properties of this plant

Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

It is a common knowledge that a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the internal anatomy of teeth is imperative to ensure successful root canal treatment. The significance of canal anatomy has been emphasized by studies demonstrating that variations in canal geometry before cleaning, shaping, and obturation procedures had a greater effect on the outcome than the techniques themselves. In recent years, significant technological advances for imaging teeth, such as CBCT and micro-CT, respectively, have been introduced. Their noninvasive nature allows to perform in vivo anatomical studies using large populations to address the influence of several variables such as ethnicity, aging, gender, and others, on the root canal anatomy, as well as to evaluate, quantitatively and/or qualitatively, specific and fine anatomical features of a tooth group. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the morphological aspects of the root canal anatomy published in the literature of all groups of teeth and illustrate with three-dimensional images acquired from micro-CT technology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Thriving at work: A meta‐analysis

Thriving at work refers to a positive psychological state characterized by a joint senseof vitality and learning. On the basis of Spreitzer and colleagues' model, we present acomprehensive meta‐analysis of antecedents and outcomes of thriving at work(K= 73 independent samples,N= 21,739 employees). Results showed that thrivingat work is associated with individual characteristics, such as psychological capital(rc= .47), proactive personality (rc= .58), positive affect (rc= .52), and work engage-ment (rc= .64). Positive associations were also found between thriving at work andrelational characteristics, including supportive coworker behavior (rc= .42), support-ive leadership behavior (rc= .44), and perceived organizational support (rc= .63).Moreover, thriving at work is related to important employee outcomes, includinghealth‐related outcomes such as burnout (rc=−.53), attitudinal outcomes such ascommitment (rc= .65), and performance‐related outcomes such as task performance(rc= .35). The results of relative weights analyses suggest that thriving exhibits small,albeit incremental predictive validity above and beyond positive affect and workengagement, for task performance, job satisfaction, subjective health, and burnout.Overall, the findings of this meta‐analysis support Spreitzer and colleagues' modeland underscore the importance of thriving in the work conte

Bilateral mandibular second premolars with three separate roots

The mandibular second premolar is usually described as a single-rooted tooth with a single root canal. However, three root canals may be found but the occurrence of three separate roots is extremely rare. This report describes the case of a patient with bilateral mandibular second premolar with three roots and three root canals. The pre-operative radiograph of the right premolar revealed the presence of three roots, while the radiograph of the left premolar looked unusual and showed two roots. The access cavity preparation was extended and three orifices leading to three roots were found. All root canals were cleaned, shaped, and obturated. The post-operative radiograph showed a satisfactory root canal filling. Clinicians should always consider the presence of anatomical variations in the teeth during endodontic treatments. Despite the low prevalence, variations may occur in the number of roots and root canals of mandibular second premolars, as demonstrated in this case report

An Intelligent Tutoring System for Learning Introduction to Computer Science

The paper describes the design of an intelligent tutoring system for teaching Introduction to Computer Science-a compulsory curriculum in Al-Azhar University of Gaza to students who attend the university. The basic idea of this system is a systematic introduction into computer science. The system presents topics with examples. The system is dynamically checks student's individual progress. An initial evaluation study was done to investigate the effect of using the intelligent tutoring system on the performance of students enrolled in computer science curriculum at Al-Azhar University, Gaza. The results showed a positive impact on the evaluators