Prospective analysis of flap perfusion by measuring Capillary Glucose levels in pedicled flap and free tissue transfer

INTRODUCTION: Flap surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in the field of reconstructive surgery. Early detection of flap failure and rapid re-exploration are important for flap salvage and hence a reliable monitoring method is required. This study is to evaluate flap blood glucose measurement (BGM) as a reliable method for flap monitoring. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of flap capillary glucose level and its best cut-off value in the post-operative monitoring of pedicled and free flaps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 different flaps were included in study. Post-operative examination was done every hour for the first 6 hours, and every 6th hour thereafter till 5 days. Flap capillary glucose levels were measured by using accu check glucometer. Glucose levels of flap with necrosis and without necrosis were compared. Statistical analysis was done by ROC curve to determine the best cutoff value for the flap blood glucose monitoring. RESULT: Out of 60 flaps 42 flaps survived fully without any complication, while there was minor distal necrosis in 11 flaps and major partial necrosis was seen in four flaps (two reverse sural artery flap and two random pattern flaps. Complete flap loss was seen in 3 patients (two free flaps and one pedicled axial flap). To detect flap ischemia a cut-off value of 61 mg/dL was determined for the flap BGM, at which the sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 80% respectively. CONCLUSION: From the current study we concluded that flap capillary glucose levels less than 61 mg/dl is suggestive of ischemia of flap. This test allows early detection of vascular compromise which helps in early intervention for flap salvage. Flap blood glucose monitoring is an Objective, Easy to do, In-expensive, sensitive and specific test. This test can be done by any medical professional (Nurses/ Interns/ Paramedics) without need of any specialised setup

Kinetics of Chlorella protothecoides microalgal oil using base catalyst

AbstractDue to continuous diminishing of fossil fuel resources and emission of greenhouse gases, the search for alternative fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol has become inevitable. Biodiesel, also known as fatty acid methyl or ethyl ester, has emerged as a substitute for diesel because of similar fuel properties. Presently, biodiesel is produced from edible, non-edible and microalgal oil. Chlorella protothecoides (lipid content 14.6–57.8%) is being investigated as the potential microalgae species owing to high oil content, less land area required for cultivation and faster growth rate. The present investigation shows the results of the kinetics of transesterification of C. protothecoides microalgal oil carried out at optimum conditions of catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, molar ratio and reaction time. The percentage of methyl ester yield is the only parameter chosen to carry out the optimum parameter and the kinetics of transesterification. The reaction rate constant was to be 0.0618min−1. Furthermore, microalgal biodiesel is characterized for physico-chemical properties that are found to meet American (ASTM D6751) and Indian (IS 15607) standards, especially in cold flow properties and stability of conventional biodiesel

Use of Multimodal Biometric System for the Authentication and Security

We know that security is the main challenge of the modern era, there may be many techniques and methods used for providing the security of any system or data. The biometric system is the widely used method for security. The biometric security is more secure method then others like passwords, card etc. In biometric the part of the body with some uniqueness use as the input image. But now a day the use of single biometric is not more secure, so the alternative or solution of this problem is to use the Multimodal biometric system. In a multimodal system more than one biometric trait used for providing security and authentication to a system. The images are stored in the database by using different operations on the images for compare it by input images. There are some steps used in processing of multimodal biometric system like as ROI, feature extraction and matching

FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A PRELUDE TO ECONOMIC STATUS OF VULNERABLE GROUP

India is a country where a sizeable amount of population lives in rural areas. They are engaged in agriculture and allied activities. Most of the people living in rural areas are poor. They do not have any access to the banks. The awareness and access of the poor to the banking services is important for the alleviation of the poverty. Their access to the banking services will contribute a lot to the growth and development of our country’s economy. Financial inclusion is a great weapon to overcome the financial backwardness as well as the establishment of good governance. It broadens the resource base of the financial system by developing a culture of savings among large segment of rural population, disadvantaged group and plays an essential role in the process of economic development. The Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have been making concentrated efforts periodically to overcome such vicious problems by promoting Financial Inclusion, being one of the important national objectives of the country. Since first phase of nationalization (1969) GoI continuously promoting financial inclusion through self-help groups, no frills account, simplification of KYC, Business correspondents etc., but no palpable effect could be seen in the plight of these financially vulnerable people. To mitigate this long drawn financial sufferings, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a new scheme in his Independence Day speech on 15th Aug 2014 called Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). Mission of PMJDY is to ensure easy access of financial services for the excluded section i.e. weaker section and the low income group. This effort will certainly go a long way in promoting economic growth and reducing poverty, while mitigating systematic risk and maintaining financial stability. This article focuses on the RBI, GoI initiatives, current status and future prospects of financial inclusion in India on the basis of facts and data provided by various secondary sources. It is concluded that financial inclusion shows positive and valuable changes

Integrated management approaches for controlling root rot of bael caused by Fusarium solani

An experiment was carried out to find out the effective management practices to control the recently recorded pathogen (Fusarium solani) inciting root rot disease in Bael. Rampant incidence due to this pathogen is resulting in excess damage and reduction in acreage. Out of six fungicides screened in vitro, Topsin-M and Bavistin stood at first place in inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani. Topsin-M showed 100% inhibition at 50 ppm concentration whereas Bavistin showed 100% inhibition at 150 ppm concentration. Bavistin and Topsin-M as seed dressers effectively protected pre and post emergence seedlings mortality to the tune of 68.75 and 70.95%; 65.00 and 67.54%, respectively. Pre-sowing drenching of soil with Bavistin (0.4%) reduced the pre-emergence mortality from 26.50 to 8.25% and post-emergence mortality from 39.00 to 16.25%. The integration of seed treatment and pre-sowing drenching resulted in 72.51% control of pre emergence mortality and 82.92% control of post emergence mortality. In dual culture method, maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded with Trichoderma harzianum (72.18%) followed by T. viride (67.70%). Glomus mosseae in combination with T. harzianum was found very effective against F. solani under screen house conditions as minimum pre emergence mortality (10.00%) and post emergence mortality (13.25%) against control where the values were 27.25% and 40.25%, respectively. The studies and results compiled here in provide an explanation for the potential of selected fungicides and antagonists in the control of bael root rot disease

Reproductive and sexual rights of women: ground reality

Background: Inequality exists in different societies of the world. Discrimination and exploitation are done based on caste, color, creed, gender, region and religion by mighty people. However, international bodies like United Nations and International Commission of Human Rights are very sensitive about the human rights. Reproductive and sexual rights are also part of human rights. The most sufferers of this discrimination and sexual exploitation are women. Woman suffers in silence because her exploiters are generally close ones. The study was done in rural areas of Bharatpur, Rajasthan, to investigate the awareness status of reproductive and sexual rights of women.Methods: Questionnaires pertaining to the awareness of contraceptive choice, age of pregnancy, planned/unplanned and delivery place, family size and sexual life was prepared. Woman of 20 to 40 years of age volunteered to participate for this research.Results: Majority of women were not having the basic knowledge of pregnancy, contraceptive choices. 60% of women got pregnant before reaching to the age of 20 and second pregnancy occurring between 21 to 25 of age. Majority of women had unplanned pregnancy and delivered the baby at home. 2-5 kids were per family of studied group. 65-70% of their husband treated their wives as a sex object and slaves. They tortured their wife during sexual act. These women were not aware of their reproductive and sexual rightsConclusions: This study shows early marriage, pregnancy. Majority of husband tortured their wives during sex (or forced) sex and treated them sex slaves. Reproductive and sexual rights are distant dream for women in rural areas of India

Evaluation of the pancreatic malignancy with MRI & MDCT modalities

Background:Detection of pancreatic abnormality by routine noninvasive radiological method namely plain radiography and gastrointestinal barium studies is possible but these tests are insensitive and nonspecific. In earlier era more invasive tests like retroperitoneal air insufflations with tomography used never achieved wide spread clinical application and isotope scan proved disappointing owing to their false positive rates. Material & Methods:The present retrospective study was conducted at department of Department of Radiology at MRI Centre, M.B. Govt. Hospital, Udaipur. The study duration was December 2012 to November 2014. The study group of 100 patients, with suspected pancreatic diseases were examined using either MDCT scan or MRI or both as prime diagnostic modality.Results: In the present study, Pancreatic carcinoma is a hypo vascular mass so it does not enhance at all or show a mild enhancement on post contrast study. In this study out of 14 cases, 14 cases showed mild post contrast enhancement and 2 cases showed no enhancement at all. on CECT examination, out of 10 cases of head mass, 8 cases were hypo dense and 2 were Isodense and showed dilated MPD in 9 cases 90.00% which were most common finding followed by dilated CBD in 8 cases (80.00%) and invasion of other organs in 2 cases (20%). On MRI examination, out of 4 cases of head carcinoma, 3 appeared hyperintense & 1 appeared hypointense and showed dilatation of MPD & CBD in all cases and invasion of organ in one case. Out of 14 cases of head carcinoma, 4 (28.57%) cases showed distal metastasis in liver. Out of 7 cases of body-tail mass, six appeared hypo dense and one appeared on NCCT. Distant metastasis and dilated MPD were found in 4 cases and CBD were dilated in any one case of body mass. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Dual-phasic contrast-enhanced MDCT in the pancreatic parenchymal and the venous phase is the method of choice for detection and staging of pancreatic cancer, inflammatory lesions and its vascular complications. For detection of small, hyper vascular neuroendocrine tumors, no single imaging method will reveal all tumors. In this respect, MDCT and MRI are complementary methods

A study of acoustical parameters of cupric oxide nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous solutions of various glycols

In this study cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesised by precipitation method using                    cupric acetate dihydrate [Cu(CH3COO)2.2H2O] as a starting material. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). These nanoparticles were dispersed in three different base fluids which were 10% aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG) and hexylene glycol (HG). Ultrasonic velocity (U), density (ρ) and viscosity (η) of these nanofluids were measured at different concentrations of CuO nanoparticles as a function of temperatures (T = 303.15K, 308.15K and 313.15 K). Using these values various acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, relaxation time, acoustic impedence and attenuation coefficient were evaluated

Assessment of the accuracy of MRI in differentiating benign and malignant lesion by different intralesional tissue signal characteristics

Background:Despite the diversity associated with soft tissue tumour development, all diagnosis carry similar symptoms and treatment options. By systematically using clinical history, lesion localisation, mineralisation on radiographs and signal intensity characteristics on MR images, one can determine the diagnosis for the subset of determinate lesion that have characteristic clinical and imaging features and narrow the differential diagnosis for lesions that demonstrate indeterminate characteristics. Material & Methods:The present retrospective study was conducted at department of Department of Radiology at MRI Centre, M.B. Govt. Hospital, Udaipur. The study duration was September 2012 to March, 2015. The study group of 50 patients, consisted of mainly patients from different parts of Rajasthan and also some from the states like Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Results: In the present study, in demographic study youngest age was 6 months female with angiofibroma and oldest was 79 years male with Leiomyosarcoma. Most common age group over all was 31 to 40 years [24%]. Amongst malignant and benign most common age group was again 31- 40 years, 8% in benign and 16% in malignant. Benign lesions were more common in females and malignant were more common in males.Out of total study participants 50 patients, 32 cases were malignant and 18 cases were benign.Most tumors were hypointense on T1W study[58%] and hyperintense on T2W images[86%]. Heterogenous hyperintensity on T2W images was more common in malignant lesions than in benign. Sensitivity and specificity of this characteristic predicting malignancy is as follows. Statistics show that heterogenous hyperintensity has higher sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV in predicting malignancy and p value suggests that there is significant difference among the malignant and benign lesions. [Chi = 20.91; p = 0.0001].Conclusion:We concluded from the present study that MRI is the modality of choice for evaluation of soft tissue tumors along with highly sensitive in detection of soft tissue tumors almost 100%. MRI has an important role in determining the origin of these lesions and in defining their extent and relation to adjacent structures. However, it must be emphasized that MRI cannot completely distinguish benign from malignant lesions when radiologic evaluation is non-specific

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOSTEROLS FROM BIGNONIA VENUSTA (L.)

Objective: To isolate phytosterols from Bignonia venusta (L.) and its antimicrobial activity.Introduction: B. venusta is an important medicinal plant known for its vast potential. It is a valuable plant which is commonly used in traditional system of medicine for relieving pain and inflammation, as well as in a number of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.Methods: In the present study, phytosterols from B. venusta was identified and quantified in vivo. Phytosterols were identified using chromatographic and spectral studies.Conclusion: B. venusta (L.) is an ideal source of phytosterols and act as antimicrobial agent.Â