13 research outputs found

    Π—Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² январС-ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅ 2016 Π³. Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ: эпидСмичСский ΠΈ пандСмичСский ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π» вируса Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A(H1N1)pdm09

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    The World Health Organization (WHO) searches influenza virus circulation in community and in natural biocenosis, studies virus strains and their properties, develops diagnostic methods and preventive measures since 1940th worldwide because of epidemic actuality and high pandemic potential of the influenza virus. The Federal Influenza Center (including Federal Research Institute of Influenza, Saint-Petersburg, and the Center of Virus Ecology, D.I.Ivanovskiy Virology Institute, Honorary Academician N.F.GamaleyaFederal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow) performs similar work in Russia in close cooperation with WHO within the framework of the International Programme of Influenza Monitoring. A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus dominated in the Northern Hemisphere in the 2015 – 2016 epidemic season. Morbidity growth was noted from the end of January, 2016, to the beginning of March, 2016. The peak morbidity at the 5th week of the year exceeded the epidemic threshold (132 cases per 10,000 of population) and morbidity in the 2014 – 2015 season significantly and approached to the peak morbidity of the 2009 – 2010 epidemic season. The epidemic growth in Russian Federation was provided by three influenza viruses: A(H1N1)pdm09, Π’ and A (H3N2). A(H1N1)pdm09 virus caused 18% of all acute respiratory diseases and accounted for 84% of circulating influenza viruses.Flu was diagnosed in patients of different age with maximal frequency in 3- to 6-year old children. Peak admission number was registered at 5 and 6 weeks (3,538 and 4,109 cases, respectively); this number exceeded the similar parameter of the 2009 – 2010 season. Patients of 15 to 64 years old were admitted more often including those with acute respiratory infection. Two hundred and thirty nine deaths were registered to the 5th of April, 2016, according to data from the Federal Influenza Center and the Center of Virus Ecology. The diagnosis of A(H1N1)pdm09 flu was confirmed in 97.9% of deaths. Molecular analysis of isolated strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus revealed amino acid substitutions in receptor binding site and SA site of hemagglutinin and in genes coding intrinsic proteins PA, NP, M1, and NS1. Influenza virus strains resistive to anti-neuraminidase drugs were encountered in #< 1% in the Northern Hemisphere countries. No strains studied were sensitive to adamantine derivates.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π‘ 1947 Π³. Π² связи с эпидСмичСской Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ высоким пандСмичСским ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ вируса Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° А ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π΅ ВсСмирной ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ здравоохранСния (Π’ΠžΠ—) ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π“Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ систСма ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ Π·Π° Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρƒ (Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System – GISRS), которая Π² настоящСС врСмя прСдставлСна 6 ΡΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΡƒ, 143 Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΡƒ Π² 113 странах, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ производитСлями Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ½. Российская ЀСдСрация прСдставлСна Π² этой систСмС двумя Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ – Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΡƒ (Π€Π¦Π“) Π€Π“Π‘Π£ «Научно-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ институт Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ°Β» ΠœΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° России (Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³) ΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ экологии ΠΈ эпидСмиологии Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° (Π¦Π­Π­Π“) Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚Π° вирусологии ΠΈΠΌ. Π”.И.Ивановского Π€Π“Π‘Π£ Β«Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ эпидСмиологии ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Н.Π€.Π“Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΒ» ΠœΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° России (Москва). Оба Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π·Π° циркуляциСй вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π² 59 Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· заболСваСмости, госпитализации, Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… случаСв ΠΎΡ‚ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈ острой рСспираторной вирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (ΠžΠ Π’Π˜) Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… возрастных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ…, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ диагностики с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ спСктра Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ странах Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ Π² эпидСмичСском сСзонС 2015–2016 Π³Π³. Π² этиологии подъСма заболСваСмости Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» вирус Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A(H1N1)pdm09. ПодъСм заболСваСмости Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² России зарСгистрирован с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° января Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2016 Π³. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ заболСваСмости Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ΅ эпидСмии (5-я нСдСля 2016 Π³.), Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ прСвысив эпидСмичСский ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ (132 случая Π½Π° 10 тыс. насСлСния) ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сСзона 2014–2015 Π³Π³., ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ эпидСмичСского сСзона 2009–2010 Π³Π³. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ структуру эпидСмичСского подъСма заболСваСмости Π² Π Π€ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3 вируса Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° – A(H1N1)pdm09, Π’ ΠΈ A(H3N2) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ участии. Π“Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ A(H1N1)pdm09 Π² структурС ΠžΠ Π’Π˜ составила 18,0 %, Π² структурС Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° – 84,0 %. Π—Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ зарСгистрирована Π²ΠΎ всСх возрастных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ…. Π‘α½ΉΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² эпидСмичСский процСсс зафиксирована Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ 3–6 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. МаксимальноС число госпитализаций ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° 5-ΠΉ ΠΈ 6-ΠΉ нСдСлях 2016 Π³. – 3Β 538 ΠΈ 4Β 109 случаСв соотвСтствСнно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ прСвысило ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ сСзона 2009–2010 Π³Π³. НаибольшСС число случаСв госпитализации, Π² Ρ‚. Ρ‡. с тяТСлой острой рСспираторной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² возрастной Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 15–64 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. По Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π€Π¦Π“ ΠΈ Π¦Π­Π­Π“, Π½Π° 05.04.16 зарСгистрировано 239 Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исходов. Π’ 97,9 % случаСв Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ исслСдованиями ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ A(H1N1)pdm09. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ молСкулярно-гСнСтичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² вируса Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A / H1N1pdm09 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ аминокислотных Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π² Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π³Π»ΡŽΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Sa сайтах) ΠΈ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ (PA, NP, M1, NS1). Доля рСзистСнтных ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ с Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π² странах Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ прСвысила 1 %, Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½Π° оказались Π½Π΅Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ всС ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹

    Peculiarities of the influenza viruses circulation and their properties during 2018-2019 epidemic season in Russia and countries of the Northern Hemisphere

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    Objective. To identify the drift variability of influenza viruses during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in the period 2018-2019. The biological and molecular-genetic properties of epidemic strains isolated in certain territories of the Russian Federation were studied and compared with data from the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Materials and methods. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been applied, including immune fluorescence, RT-PCR, sequencing, methods for determining sensitivity to influenza drugs and receptor specificity. Results and discussion. The proportion of influenza viruses was as follows: A (H1N1) pdm09 - 53 %, A (H3N2) - 46 %, B - about 1 %. Cases of severe acute respiratory infections have most often been associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus. According to antigenic properties, isolated strains corresponded to the properties of vaccine viruses (A/Michigan/45/2015 - by 99.6 % and A/Singapore INFIMH-16-0019/2016 - by 86 %). The heterogeneity of influenza A virus strains population was revealed as regards individual mutations in hemaglutinin. The influenza B virus population was equally represented by both evolutionary lines (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like). Receptor specificity was favorable for the course and outcome of the disease. Among 70 studied epidemic strains, no strains resistant to anti-neuraminidase drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The article presents WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2019-2020, provides data on cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2)

    Trivalent mRNA vaccine-candidate against seasonal flu with cross-specific humoral immune response

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    Seasonal influenza remains a serious global health problem, leading to high mortality rates among the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. Vaccination is generally accepted as the most effective strategy for influenza prevention. While current influenza vaccines are effective, they still have limitations, including narrow specificity for certain serological variants, which may result in a mismatch between vaccine antigens and circulating strains. Additionally, the rapid variability of the virus poses challenges in providing extended protection beyond a single season. Therefore, mRNA technology is particularly promising for influenza prevention, as it enables the rapid development of multivalent vaccines and allows for quick updates of their antigenic composition. mRNA vaccines have already proven successful in preventing COVID-19 by eliciting rapid cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study, we present the development of a trivalent mRNA vaccine candidate, evaluate its immunogenicity using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, ELISA, and assess its efficacy in animals. We demonstrate the higher immunogenicity of the mRNA vaccine candidate compared to the inactivated split influenza vaccine and its enhanced ability to generate a cross-specific humoral immune response. These findings highlight the potential mRNA technology in overcoming current limitations of influenza vaccines and hold promise for ensuring greater efficacy in preventing seasonal influenza outbreaks

    Π“Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ-2016: ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-эпидСмиологичСскиС особСнности ΠΈ соврСмСнныС возмоТности эффСктивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ клиничСская Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π° β„– 1 Π”Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° здравоохранСния Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹Β»)

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    The aim of this study was to monitor in-hospital influenza virus infection during 2015 – 2016 epidemic flu season. Methods. Influenza virus was searched in patients hospitalized to a clinical infectious diseases hospital with acute respiratory viral infection during 2015 – 2016 influenza seasonal growth period using real-time RT-PCR method. Influenza virus was isolated from nasal swabs and autopsy material using canine kidney cell line. Other laboratory methods used included complete blood count, blood chemistry, blood gas analysis, urinalysis, and chest X-ray examination. Results. We examined 1,491 patients (375 adults, 546 children, 570 pregnant women with early gestational age). The proportion of hospitalized patients with confirmed A / H1N1pdm09 influenza in January – February, 2016, was 91.3%. A / H3N2 influenza virus was diagnosed in 5.7%, influenza B virus was isolated in 1.2% of patients. Totally, influenza virus was detected in 35.2% of samples, of which 30.1% of samples were obtained from adults, 33.7% of samples were obtained from children, and 39.8% of samples were obtained from pregnant women. The prevalent patient’s age was 15 to 60 years (76.1%) in adults and 3 to 6 years in children. Moderate course of influenza with a high rate of hospital admission was seen more often and was similar to that of 2009 – 2010 epidemic season. Proportion of patients with flu complicated by pneumonia was higher than that in 2014 – 2015 epidemic season. Bilateral lung injury was diagnosed in 48.4% of patients. High mortality in ICU (46.4%) was due to delayed start of antiviral treatment and late admission to a hospital. Conclusion. In 2015 – 2016 epidemic flu season, higher morbidity, complications and poor outcomes were related to predominant infection of A – H1N1pdm09 influenza virus. Risk factors of complications and death were delayed care seeking, lack of modern antiviral medications and comorbidity.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ подъСма заболСваСмости Π² сСзонС 2015–2016 Π³Π³. Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… эпидСмиологичСского Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° Π·Π° циркуляциСй вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ экологии ΠΈ эпидСмиологии Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° (Π¦Π­Π­Π“) Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚Π° вирусологии ΠΈΠΌ. Π”.И.Ивановского Π€Π“Π‘Π£ Β«Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ эпидСмиологии ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Н.Π€.Π“Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΒ» ΠœΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° России (Москва) Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ клиничСская Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π° β„– 1 Π”Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° здравоохранСния Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹Β» (Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³. ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜ΠšΠ‘ β„– 1 Π”Π—ΠœΒ») осущСствлялся Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³ Π² условиях спСциализированного стационара, Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ являлось ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ количСствСнного ΠΈ качСствСнного распрСдСлСния ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° А ΠΈ Π’ срСди госпитализированных ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‚. Ρ‡. с тяТСлой Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠΉ заболСвания, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· частоты ослоТнСний ΠΈ эффСктивности противовирусной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ подъСма заболСваСмости Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³. ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜ΠšΠ‘ β„– 1 Π”Π—ΠœΒ» госпитализированы ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ с клиничСским Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ острая рСспираторная вирусная инфСкция. ДСтСкция вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ полимСразной цСпной рСакции с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ транскрипциСй Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Вирусы Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… смывов ΠΈ сСкционного ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ собаки (MDCK). Лабораторная диагностика Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»Π° клиничСский ΠΈ биохимичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ, рСнтгСнологичСскоС исслСдованиС ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ январС-Ρ„Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Π»Π΅ 2016 Π³. доля Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, госпитализированных Π² Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³. ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜ΠšΠ‘ β„– 1 Π”Π—ΠœΒ» с Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ A / H1N1pdm09, составила 91,3 %, A / H3N2 – 5,7 %, Π’ – 1,2 %. ΠžΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ (n = 1Β 491) – взрослыС (n = 375), Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ (n = 546) ΠΈ Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ (n = 570) Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сроках. Доля ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ составила 35,2 %. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ взрослых ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ 30,1 % ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±, срСди Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ – 33,7 %, срСди Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… – 39,8 %. Π’ возрастной структурС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ (76,1 %) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 15 Π΄ΠΎ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Π’ дСтской популяции Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² эпидСмию оказались Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Π² возрастС 3–6 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ срСднСтяТСлыС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° с высокой частотой госпитализаций, сравнимой с сСзоном 2009–2010 Π³Π³. Доля ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ, ослоТнСнным ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² сравнСнии с эпидСмичСским сСзоном 2014–2015 Π³Π³. ДвустороннСС ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… зарСгистрировано Ρƒ 48,4 % Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…. Высокий ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ (46,4 %) Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ интСнсивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ связан с Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π»Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ противовирусной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ госпитализациСй. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Высокая Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ числа ослоТнСний ΠΈ нСблагоприятных исходов ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ вируса Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A / H1N1pdm09. Π€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ риск развития ослоТнСний ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исходов, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ, отсутствиС своСврСмСнной противовирусной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ заболСвания

    Main Directions of Effective Influenza Prevention in Modern Conditions

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    This paper presents the risk analysis of influenza virus infection in different age groups based on the prevalence and mortality rates. The epidemiological characteristics of the influenza virus circulation during postpandemic period are given. Main aspects of specific and non-specific influenza prevention are discussed. The efficacy of the interferon-based medication Grippferon in the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) is justified

    Analysis of tax policy in countries of the Eurasian Economic Union

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    Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся налоговая ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² странах ЕАЭБ. ОсновноС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ удСляСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ примСнСния Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² налогооблоТСния косвСнных Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅. На основС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ возмоТности создания Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства, сблиТСниС Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ администрирования ΠΈ организация ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ стран ЕАЭБ.The article deals tax policy in the EEU. Basic attention is spared to the analysis of application of single taxation principles of indirect taxes in mutual trade. Possibilities of creation of single tax space, rapprochement of tax administration norms and organization of informative exchange between the tax organs of countries of EEU are examined on the basis of analysis

    INFLUENZA INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS FEATURES

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    Aim. Analysis of inflammation biomarkers using reverse transcription with real time PCRΒ (RT-PCR-RT) and multiplex immunofluorescent analysis xMAP with magnetic beads for theΒ influenza infection. Materials and methods. Analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs, lymphocytes andΒ blood sera of 10 patients with influenza and 10 donors was performed during the first 2 days of theΒ disease by means of RT-PCR-RT and xMAP using the kit Β«37-plexΒ» (BioRad). Results.The influenzaΒ virus A was revealed in 4 samples, the influenza virus B β€” in 6 swabs without mixed infectionsΒ with other respiratory viruses. Analysis of the interferons (IFN) showed IFNΞ± gene expressionΒ activation in patients’ lymphocytes but both the detection rate and the concentrations ofΒ IFNΞ², IFNΞ³ and IFNΞ» RNA were similar for patients and healthy donors. Among 37 inflammationΒ biomarkers the concentrations of 7 proteins were enhanced including IFNΞ±2, cytokines ofΒ TNF family (APRIL and BAFF), their soluble receptors sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2, protein osteopontinΒ and IL10. The concentrations of the complex of glycoprotein gp130 with the soluble receptorΒ IL6 gp130/sIL-6RΞ² and the matrix metalloprotease ММР-1 were reduced in patients’ sera. The polarization coefficient PI=[IL10]/[IFNΞ³]=0.53 for influenza samples suggested Th1Β immune response. Conclusion. At the early stage of the influenza infection IFNΞ± gene expressionΒ activation along with the induction of TNF family cytokines (APRIL and BAFF), their receptorsΒ (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) and osteopontin as well as the inhibition of the complex gp130/sIL-6RΞ²Β and metalloprotease ММР-1 were shown. Th1 immune response regulated by IL10 resulted inΒ the recovery of the patients without complications
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