626 research outputs found
Coherent Molecular Optics using Sodium Dimers
Coherent molecular optics is performed using two-photon Bragg scattering.
Molecules were produced by sweeping an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate through
a Feshbach resonance. The spectral width of the molecular Bragg resonance
corresponded to an instantaneous temperature of 20 nK, indicating that atomic
coherence was transferred directly to the molecules. An autocorrelating
interference technique was used to observe the quadratic spatial dependence of
the phase of an expanding molecular cloud. Finally, atoms initially prepared in
two momentum states were observed to cross-pair with one another, forming
molecules in a third momentum state. This process is analogous to sum-frequency
generation in optics
Production of cold molecules via magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances
Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances were employed to associate cold
diatomic molecules in a series of experiments involving both atomic Bose as
well as two spin component Fermi gases. This review illustrates theoretical
concepts of both the particular nature of the highly excited Feshbach molecules
produced and the techniques for their association from unbound atom pairs.
Coupled channels theory provides the rigorous formulation of the microscopic
physics of Feshbach resonances in cold gases. Concepts of dressed versus bare
energy states, universal properties of Feshbach molecules, as well as the
classification in terms of entrance- and closed-channel dominated resonances
are introduced on the basis of practical two-channel approaches. Their
significance is illustrated for several experimental observations, such as
binding energies and lifetimes with respect to collisional relaxation.
Molecular association and dissociation are discussed in the context of
techniques involving linear magnetic field sweeps in cold Bose and Fermi gases
as well as pulse sequences leading to Ramsey-type interference fringes. Their
descriptions in terms of Landau-Zener, two-level mean field as well as beyond
mean field approaches are reviewed in detail, including the associated ranges
of validity.Comment: 50 pages, 26 figures, to be published in Reviews of Modern Physics,
final version with updated reference
Highly efficient synthesis of the tricyclic core of Taxol by cascade metathesis
An efficient enantioselective synthesis of the ABC tricyclic core of the anticancer drug Taxol is reported. The key step of this synthesis is a cascade metathesis reaction, which leads in one operation to the required tricycle if appropriate fine-tuning of the dienyne precursor is performed
Coherence of Spin-Polarized Fermions Interacting with a Clock Laser in a Stark-Shift-Free Optical Lattice
We investigated the coherence of spin-polarized ^{87}Sr atoms trapped in a
light-shift-free one-dimensional optical lattice during their interaction with
a clock laser on the ^1S_0-^3P_0 transition. Collapses and revivals appeared
for more than 50 Rabi cycles, attributed to the thermal distribution of
discrete vibrational states in the lattice potential. The population
oscillation in the clock states lasted more than 1s, demonstrating high
immunity from decoherence. This long atomic coherence suggests the feasibility
of Pauli blocking of collisions in optical clock excitation.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Entangling the free motion of a particle pair: an experimental scenario
The concept of dissociation-time entanglement provides a means of manifesting
non-classical correlations in the motional state of two counter-propagating
atoms. In this article, we discuss in detail the requirements for a specific
experimental implementation, which is based on the Feshbach dissociation of a
molecular Bose-Einstein condensate of fermionic lithium. A sequence of two
magnetic field pulses serves to delocalize both of the dissociation products
into a superposition of consecutive wave packets, which are separated by a
macroscopic distance. This allows to address them separately in a switched
Mach-Zehnder configuration, permitting to conduct a Bell experiment with simple
position measurements. We analyze the expected form of the two-particle wave
function in a concrete experimental setup that uses lasers as atom guides.
Assuming viable experimental parameters the setup is shown to be capable of
violating a Bell inequality.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures; corresponds to published versio
Yeast Methylotrophy and Autophagy in a Methanol-Oscillating Environment on Growing Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves
The yeast Candida boidinii capable of growth on methanol proliferates and survives on the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. The local methanol concentration at the phyllosphere of growing A. thaliana exhibited daily periodicity, and yeast cells responded by altering both the expression of methanol-inducible genes and peroxisome proliferation. Even under these dynamically changing environmental conditions, yeast cells proliferated 3 to 4 times in 11 days. Among the C1-metabolic enzymes, enzymes in the methanol assimilation pathway, but not formaldehyde dissimilation or anti-oxidizing enzymes, were necessary for yeast proliferation at the phyllosphere. Furthermore, both peroxisome assembly and pexophagy, a selective autophagy pathway that degrades peroxisomes, were necessary for phyllospheric proliferation. Thus, the present study sheds light on the life cycle and physiology of yeast in the natural environment at both the molecular and cellular levels
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