Introduction

An introductory chapter to The Demography of Zimbabwe.This book is a compilation of research dissertations by Masters of Population Studies students. Most of the data used in the articles came from the 1982 Census (CSO, 1985), the 1984 Zimbabwe Reproductive Health Survey (Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council, 1985), the 1987 Intercensal Demographic Survey (CSO, 1991), the 1988 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (CSO, 1989) and the 1990 Chitungwiza Socio-Demographic Survey (University of Zimbabwe, 1990). The main purpose of this collection is to highlight population issues using statistical and demographic techniques

Condom Use Within Marriage and Consensual Unions in the Era of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe

The paper examines condom use within stable unions like marriage and consensual unions. The data from DHS show that condoms are used by less than 6 percent of married couples in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper examines the determinants of condom use with spouse or regular partner among 1936 individuals in Zimbabwe. The results show that only 38 percent of the respondents reported using condoms consistently or occasionally with regular partners. There is little discussion about condoms in stable unions as only a fifth reported that they regularly talk about condoms with their spouses or partners. Couples who frequently discuss condoms are likely to be using them. The main barrier to discussing condoms is mistrust. In the focus group discussions, it was noted that bringing the subject of condoms to a partner might result in dire consequences like divorce, abandonment or physical abuse. The results show that people with negative perceptions about condoms are less likely to use them. The results also show that condoms are less likely to be used as a method of family planning, despite the fact that Zimbabwe has a high contraceptive prevalence rate. In this paper, women are more likely to have favorable attitudes about condoms and would like to use them, but the main barrier is their partners. Men's influence on the condom is to prevent their use

Patterns of Contraceptive Use at the Edge of Fertility Transition in Zimbabwe

The family planning program in Zimbabwe has been seen as one of the successful models in Sub-Saharan Africa. The program has largely depended on community-based distributors (CBDs) of contraceptives in rural areas and the utilization of stationary facilities in urban areas. The paper examines how the service availability environment has affected contraceptive use among different groups of women. The study uses multilevel models to examine the relationship between service factors and contraceptive use. The most important finding is that in clusters where CBDs operate, women are more likely to use modern contraceptives. Most of the women in rural areas depend on CBDs for their contraceptive supplies, while those in urban areas get their supplies from stationary facilities, that is clinics and pharmacies. The study has also demonstrated the need to sustain the current outreach program in rural areas because a large proportion of the women in rural areas, commercial farms, small towns and resettlement areas depends on contraceptives being distributed to their doorsteps.Le programme de planning familial du Zimbabwe a \ue9t\ue9 consid\ue9r\ue9 comme un des mod\ue8les r\ue9ussis en Afrique sub-Saharienne. Le programme s'\ue9tait fortement appuy\ue9 sur les distributeurs de contraceptifs au niveau des communaut\ue9s dans les zones rurales et sur l'utilisation de structures fixes dans les villes. Cet article \ue9tudie l'impact d'un environnement offrant ces services sur l'utilisation de la contraception par divers groupes de femmes. L'\ue9tude utilise les mod\ue8les multi-vari\ue9s pour analyser les rapports entre les facteurs de service et l'utilisation de la contraception. Les r\ue9sultats obtenus montrent que l\ue0 o\uf9 les distributeurs existent, les femmes utilisent plus probablement les contraceptifs. Dans les zones rurales, la plupart des femmes comptent sur les distributeurs pour s'approvisionner en contraceptifs alors que dans les villes, les femmes se ravitaillent dans des structures fixes tels que les cliniques et les pharmacies. L'\ue9tude a montr\ue9 qu'il \ue9tait n\ue9cessaire de poursuivre l'actuel programme de sensibilisation dans les zones rurales car la plupart des femmes de ces zones, des fermes commerciales, des petites villes et des zones de recasement comptent sur ces contraceptifs distribu\ue9s de portes \ue0 portes

Recording every birth and death during COVID-19 : digital solutions for civil registration service delivery and health surveillance in Africa

French version available in IDRC Digital LibraryCivil registration is an essential service. Most civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (2021). This synthesis brief looks at the value and advantages of digital platforms for notifying vital events in Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. It documents different systems architecture to serve as inspiration for countries where CRVS digitization is underway. The reliance on mobile technologies like cellphones is a widely used strategy in Africa to communicate notifications of vital events. The analysis finds three factors that contribute to a successful notification system: decentralization; digitization; online registration services.Global Affairs Canad

Rôle des systèmes dans la saisie de données vitales pour l’enregistrement des faits d’état civil, l’identification et la surveillance de la santé en pleine pandémie de COVID-19 : un exemple de bonne pratique au Rwanda

Library has English versionAffaires mondiales Canada (AMC

Enregistrement de chaque naissance et de chaque décès pendant la COVID-19 : solutions numériques pour la prestation de services d’enregistrement des faits d’état civil et la surveillance de la santé en Afrique

Library has English versionAffaires mondiales Canad

Mind the gaps: age and cause specific mortality and life expectancy in the older population of South Korea and Japan.

BACKGROUND: Recent life expectancy gains in high-income Asia-pacific countries have been largely the result of postponement of death from non-communicable diseases in old age, causing rapid demographic ageing. This study compared and quantified age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy in two high-income Asia-pacific countries with ageing populations, South Korea and Japan. METHODS: This study used Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing life expectancy to compare age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy between South Korea and Japan during 1997 and 2017. RESULTS: South Korea experienced rapid population ageing, and the gaps in life expectancy at 60 years old between South Korea and Japan were reduced by 2.47 years during 1997 and 2017. Decomposition analysis showed that mortality reductions from non-communicable diseases in South Korea were the leading causes of death contributing to the decreased gaps in old-age life expectancy between the two countries. More specifically, mortality reductions from cardiovascular diseases (stroke, ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease) and cancers (stomach, liver, lung, pancreatic cancers) in South Korea contributed to the decreased gap by 1.34 and 0.41 years, respectively. However, increased mortality from Alzheimer and dementia, lower respiratory tract disease, self-harm and falls in South Korea widened the gaps by 0.41 years. CONCLUSIONS: Age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy can differ between high-income Asia-pacific countries. Although the gaps in old-age life expectancy between high-income Asia-pacific countries are primarily attributed to mortality changes in non-communicable diseases, these countries should also identify potential emerging threats of communicable diseases and injuries along with demographic ageing in pursuit of healthy life years in old age

Role of systems in capturing vital data for civil registration, identification, and health surveillance amid the COVID-19 pandemic : a good practice example from Rwanda

In Rwanda, the civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) web-based system allowed the civil registry to capture and store events that occurred in health facilities during the period of total or partial closing due to the COVID-19 lockdown measures. This policy brief provides details of the operations of the CRVS system, the types of data captured even during the pandemic, and illustrates the effectiveness of a resilient system. Through a public-private partnership, the government has been able to build and operate an e-government platform, ‘Irembo’ through which all government services are delivered.Global Affairs Canada (GAC

The triple burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases and injuries on sex differences in life expectancy in Ethiopia.

Background Ethiopia has experienced great improvements in life expectancy (LE) at birth over the last three decades. Despite consistent increases in LE for both males and females in Ethiopia, the country has simultaneously witnessed an increasing discrepancy in LE between males and females. Methods This study used Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing LE to compare age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in sex differences in LE between 1995 and 2015 in Ethiopia. Results Life expectancy at birth in Ethiopia increased for both males and females from 48.28 years and 50.12 years in 1995 to 65.59 years and 69.11 years in 2015, respectively. However, the sex differences in LE at birth also increased from 1.85 years in 1995 to 3.51 years in 2015. Decomposition analysis shows that the higher male mortality was consistently due to injuries and respiratory infections, which contributed to 1.57 out of 1.85 years in 1995 and 1.62 out of 3.51 years in 2015 of the sex differences in LE. Increased male mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) also contributed to the increased difference in LE between males and females over the period, accounting for 0.21 out of 1.85 years and 1.05 out of 3.51 years in 1995 and 2015, respectively. Conclusions While injuries and respiratory infections causing male mortality were the most consistent causes of the sex differences in LE in Ethiopia, morality from NCDs is the main cause of the recent increasing differences in LE between males and females. However, unlike the higher exposure of males to death from injuries due to road traffic injuries or interpersonal violence, to what extent sex differences are caused by the higher male mortality compared to female mortality from respiratory infection diseases is unclear. Similarly, despite Ethiopia's weak social security system, an explanation for the increased sex differences after the age of 40 years due to either longer female LE or reduced male LE should be further investigated

The Onset of Fertility Transition in Zimbabwe: A Re-analysis of Census and Survey Data Using Robust Demographic Techniques

The present study is designed to resolve the controversy arising from fertility decline in Zimbabwe by conducting a comprehensive analysis of all the fertility data available from national censuses and surveys. This includes the first in-depth analysis of the 1994 Demographic and Health Survey data and the first combined analysis of all inquiries since 1969. As well as examining summary measures of total fertility, the study presents estimates of parity progression for each cohort interviewed in the two DHS surveys using the method proposed by Brass and Juarez to adjust for truncation bias. In addition, we check our fertility estimates against the Census enumerations by carrying out an intercensal population projection based on them. The results suggest that fertility fell slightly during the Civil War of the 1970s but may have risen briefly immediately after Independence. A sustained fertility decline then began in the mid-1980s and continued into the 1990s. We agree with the view that the two DHS surveys in Zimbabwe underestimate current fertility. This same view is corroborated by earlier enquiries. Thus, adjustment of the data leaves unaltered the conclusion that total period fertility has fallen by about a third. The total fertility rate in 1994 in Zimbabwe was about 4.7 children per woman. What is it now?Cet article est une contribution au d\ue9bat sur la baisse de la f\ue9condit\ue9 au Zimbabwe. Il fait une analyse globale de toutes les donn\ue9es disponibles \ue0 partir des recensements et enqu\ueates nationaux. Les donn\ue9es r\ue9sultant d'une analyse approfondie de l'EDS et de la premi\ue8re analyse transversale de toutes les enqu\ueates men\ue9es depuis 1969 sont \ue9galement prises en compte. L'\ue9tude pr\ue9sente une estimation de la progression de parit\ue9 pour chaque groupe de personnes enqu\ueat\ue9es au cours des deux EDS et examine aussi la synth\ue8se des mesures concernant la f\ue9condit\ue9 totale. Pour rectifier les biais probables, la m\ue9thode propos\ue9e par Brasset Juarez a \ue9t\ue9 utilis\ue9e. En outre, nous avons confront\ue9 nos estimations avec les donn\ue9es du recensement en effectuant une projection inter-censitaire de la population sur cette base. Les r\ue9sultats ont montr\ue9 que la f\ue9condit\ue9 a l\ue9g\ue8rement baiss\ue9 au cours de la guerre civile des ann\ue9es 1970 et qu'elle a pu augmenter bri\ue8vement tout de suite apr\ue8s l'ind\ue9pendance. Puis commen\ue7a une baisse prolong\ue9e de la f\ue9condit\ue9 au milieu des ann\ue9es 1980 qui continua jusqu'aux ann\ue9es 1990. Nous sommes d'accord que les deux EDS men\ue9es au Zimbabwe ont sous-estim\ue9 la f\ue9condit\ue9 actuelle. Des enqu\ueates plus r\ue9centes ont corrobor\ue9 ce point de vue. C'est pourquoi, m\ueame les ajustements op\ue9r\ue9s sur les donn\ue9es ne changent en rien la conclusion \ue9tablissant que la f\ue9condit\ue9 a baiss\ue9 d'un tiers au cours de cette p\ue9riode. Le taux global de f\ue9condit\ue9 au Zimbabwe \ue9tait en 1994 de 4,7 enfants par femmes. Qu'en est-il maintenant