Comparison of pupillometry measurements in myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic children

To compare spherical and cylindrical equivalent, and pupillometry measurements between non-amblyopic myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic children. The study was conducted prospectively and cross-sectionally in a single-centered eye clinic. Three non-amblyopic groups were included in the study: myopic (Myopia Group), emmetropic (Emmetropia Group), and hyperopic (Hyperopia Group) children. The groups were compared in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), spherical equivalent (SE), and pupillometry measurements, including minimum dynamic pupillometry, maximum dynamic pupillometry, mesopic pupillometry, and photopic pupillometry. The correlation analysis was also performed between the measurements. We noted significant differences in mean SE values between the three groups and between the paired groups (p0.05 for all). The hyperopia group had the lowest mean minimum dynamic pupillometry, maximum dynamic pupillometry, mesopic pupillometry, and photopic pupillometry values (1.97±0.57, 5.23±051, 4.96±0.41, and 3.30±0.54, respectively). We found significant differences in all pupillometry measurements between the three groups (p0.05 for all). We also did not observe any correlation between the pupil diameter and age or gender (p>0.05 for both). Our study might be unique regarding the comparison of pupillometry measurements in non-amblyopic children with refractive errors. Myopia in the pediatric population may have potential pupillometric effects when compared to emmetropia and hyperopia. This should be considered in terms of the clinical relevance of pediatric refractive examination under different illumination conditions

Vegetation geographical characteristics of Caranfil Mountain and its near around

Türkiye'de bugüne kadar yapılan jeobotanik çalışmalarında 12000 civarında bitki taksonları tespit edilmiştir. Bitki formasyonları, floristik bölge ve endemizm yoğunluğu açısından Türkiye'nin özel araştırma alanlarından olan Karanfil dağı ve yakın çevresinde çok sayıda bilimsel çalışmalar yürütülmüş ve yürütülmektedir. Özellikle çiçekli flora üzerine, Amphibia (Kara yosunları) morfoloji ve anatomi incelemeleri üzerine çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Lakin bitki formasyonlarının coğrafi dağılışına ilişkin çalışma yapılmamıştır. Araştırmanın kaleme alınmasının esas gayesi Pozantı- Adana sınırları içerisinde yer alan doğal yayılış gösteren ağaç, ağaççık, çalı formunda olan bitkileri bitki coğrafyası kapsamında tespit ederek incelemek ve bu bitkilerin coğrafi ortam ve ekolojik ortamla olan ilişkilerini gözler önüne sermek, mevcut bitkilerin bitki sosyolojisi, ağaç kültü değer kullanımı özelliklerini gözler önüne sermek amacıyla bu tarz bir çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Söz konusu bu çalışma aynı zamanda araştırma sahası ve yakın çevresindeki bitki tür ve topluluklarının ekolojik ve bitki coğrafyası özelliklerinin ilk detaylı güncel coğrafi bulgularını ve gözlemlerini içermesi bakımından da ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Araştırmada nicel ve nitel yöntemler birlikte kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada nicel veri toplama araçları olarak Mevcut istatistikler, CBS teknolojisi, Adobe Photoshop CC2019 araçları, Climograma.exe, ve Thornthwaite App yazılımlarından yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan bir diğer veri toplama aracı da CBS teknolojileridir. Bu kapsamda Çalışmada Coğrafyanın dağılış ilkesinden hareketle yapılan çalışma ile ilgili olguyu mekânla ilişkilendirmek üzere çeşitli haritalardan yararlanılmıştır. HGK'nın 1/25.000 ölçekli topografya haritasının koordinatlı M33-c3, M34-d1, M34-d4, n33-b1 ilgili paftaları yanında MTA'nın 1/5000.000 ölçekli Adana ili jeoloji haritası, MTA'nın 1/250.000 ölçekli Türkiye diri fay haritası serisi vb. sayısal, Raster veri ve haritalardan yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sahası ile ilgili diğer temel haritalar Coğrafi bilgisi sistemleri programlarında sayısallaştırılmıştır. Nitel veri toplama araçları olarak gözlem, fotoğraf ve kayıtlardan yararlanılmıştır. Birinci alt bulgular olan iklim – bitki örtüsü ilişkisinde İklim elamanları (sıcaklık, yağış, rüzgâr) ele alınmıştır. İkincil alt bulgularda toprak ve vejetasyon örtüsü arasındaki ilişki irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bölgede toprak türlerinin dağılışında açık kaynak kodlu CORİNE Land Cover veri tabanından elde edilen toprak veri setleri belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen toprak veri setleri ArcGIS ortamına aktarılarak araştırma sahası ve yakın çevresinin toprak örtüsü haritası oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncül alt bulguda araştırma sahası ve yakın çevresinin jeolojik gelişimi tartışılmıştır. Dördüncül alt bulgular kısmında araştırma sahası ve yakın çevresinin jeomorfoloji, morfoloji, tektonik yapı – bitki örtüsü ilişkileri ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Beşincil alt bulgular kısmında erozyon- bitki örtüsü gelişimi incelenmiş, araştırma sahası ve yakın çevresinin erozyon duyarlılık haritası oluşturulmuştur. Altıncı alt bulgular kısmında ise topografya ve yüzey ilişkileri bahsinde durularak topografyanın ve yüzeyin bitki örtüsü gelişimi incelenmiştir. Yedinci alt bulgular kısmında araştırma sahası ve yakın çevresinin besleyen daimî ve mevsimlik akarsuların varlığı tespit edilerek bitki örtüsü üzerindeki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Sekizinci alt bulgular kısmında ise araştırma sahası ve yakın çevresinde coğrafi, ekolojik dağılım gösteren ağaç, ağaççık ve çalı formunda olan formasyonlar incelenmiştir. Sahadaki bitki topluluklarının Meşcere haritaları ve coğrafi dağılımlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla bitki coğrafyası haritaları oluşturulmuş ve yorumlanmış, bitki örtüsü kesitleri alınmıştır. Dokuzuncu alt bulgular kesiminde ise sahada doğal yayılış gösteren, baskın ağaç ve ağaççıkların kültürel coğrafya özellikleri bakımından incelemesine yer verilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Bitki örtüsü, Pozantı, Karanfil dağı, Ağaç kültüUp to 12,000 plant wearies have been detected in Geobotany in Turkey. Plant, fluoristic region and endemizm Turkey's special research and cloves and very, very scientific and endemizm and endemizm. Especially flowering flora, amphibious (Black seaweed) morphology and anatomy studies. However, there has been no study on the geographical dissolution of The Mount Karanfil plant formations. The main purpose of the article of the research was to examine and examine the natural spread-out trees, wood, bush-form plants in the form of trees, wood, shrubs, which are located within the boundaries of Pozanti-Adana, and to reveal the relationship of these plants with geographical environment and ecological environment, and to reveal the characteristics of plant sociology and tree cult value use of existing plants. This study is also of particular importance in terms of the first detailed current geographical findings and observations of the ecological and plant geography characteristics of the research site and its nearby plant species and communities. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used together in the study. The study used existing statistics, GIS technology, Adobe Photoshop CC2019 tools, Climograma.exe, and Thornthwaite App software as quantitative data collection tools. Another data collection tool used in the study is GIS technologies. In this context, various maps were used to associate the phenomenon related to the work done based on the principle of dispersion of geography in the study. M33-c3 coordinated by HGK's 1/25,000 scale topography map, M34-d1, M34-d4, n33-b1 related sheets, as well as mta's 1/5000,000 scale geology map of Adana province, MTA's 1/250,000 scale Turkey live fault map series, etc. Numerical, Raster data and maps were used. Other basic maps related to the research field have been digitized in geographic information systems programs. Observation, photos and recordings are used as qualitative data collection tools. The first sub-findings, climate and vegetation relationship, climate alities (temperature, precipitation, wind) are discussed. Secondary sub-findings examined the relationship between soil and vegetation cover. Soil data sets obtained from the open source CORİNE Land Cover database were determined in the dissolution of soil species in the region. Determined soil data sets were transferred to arcgis environment and soil cover map of the research site and its immediate surroundings was created. The tertiary sub-finding discussed the geological development of the research field and its immediate surroundings. In the secondary sub-findings, geomorphology, morphology, tectonic structure – vegetation relations of the research field and its immediate surroundings were tried to be revealed. In the fifth sub-findings, erosion-vegetation development was examined and a map of erosion sensitivity was created in the research field and its immediate surroundings. In the sixth sub-findings, the development of topography and surface vegetation was examined by focusing on topography and surface relations. In the seventh sub-findings, the presence of the active and seasonal streams that feed the research site and its immediate surroundings was determined and the direct and indirect effects on vegetation were evaluated. In the eighth sub-findings, formations in the form of trees, wood and shrubs, which are geographically, ecologically distributed in and around the research site, were examined. Plant geography maps were created and interpreted and vegetation sections were taken to reveal the maps and geographical distributions of the plant communities in the field. In the ninth sub-findings, the study of dominant trees and woodtrees, which are natural spread in the field, were examined in terms of cultural geography characteristics. Key words: Vegetation, Pozantı, Karanfil mountain, Tree cultur

Deriving Mathematical Relationships Between Electrical Conductivity and Concentrations of Some Minerals in Groundwater%253A A Case Study in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey

The quality and quantity of water varies from place to place and time to time. Therefore, supply of fresh water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, including Mediterranean region although irrigation and fertilizers are two of the major inputs of modern agriculture in the region. Pollution from anthropogenic sources or activities degrades the quality of freshwater, lessening its usefulness. In this regard, irrigated agriculture has negative impacts on surface and groundwater resources. Staple objectives of this study are two-fold%253A a) to derive mathematical forms of relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of some minerals in groundwater, b) to bring those relationships into the use in areas where shallow water table with poor quality is dominant and only EC measurements are available. In line with those objectives, the study was conducted in an irrigated catchment, covering an area of 9495 ha, located in the Lower Seyhan Plain irrigation project area, in the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey. A total of 362 groundwater samples were collected from 105 drainage observation wells with the depth of 4-m in winter, spring and autumn in 2016 and 2017. Electrical conductivity (EC, dSm-1) and concentrations (meqL-1) of major ions, i.e. calcium and magnesium (Ca%2BMg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), carbonate (CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3) and sulfate (SO4), were determined in the lab by following standard methods. Then, total dissolved solids (TDS in mgL-1) concentration in each was calculated by summing up the major ion concentrations considered. Correlation and regression analysis was performed to derive mathematical forms of relationship between EC and TDS, and other ion concentrations. Analysis results showed that a strong linear mathematical relationship existed between TDS and EC, and Na with the determination coefficient (R2) greater than 93 percent (rge%253B0.95). Surprisingly the relationship between EC and Cl was found to be in the form of quadratic (R2%253D0.97). On the other hand, although the association between EC and Ca%2BMg was linear and weak (R2%253D0.71), ANOVA results lead us to conclude that the relationship was statistically significant (alpha%253B%253D0.05). Contrary to the expectations, no statistically significant relationship existed between EC and the remaining ion concentrations. Mathematical forms of the relationships between EC and mineral ion concentrations may be used to derive additional information regarding groundwater quality in agricultural areas where drainage observation wells are available and EC measurements are taken for granted

A Combined Endodontic Management Approach in immature Permanent Molar tooth with Periapical Lesion: Case Report

Immature dental pulp, which has a highly cellular structure and a rich vascular nutrition system, is highly resistant to inflammation, In these teeth, determining the treatment option based on clinical and radiographic findings alone may result in the removal of diseased pulp tissue as well as vital pulp tissue. In order to increase the prognosis of these teeth, vital pulp treatments are highly recommended to preserve pulp vitality. By evaluating the condition of the root pulps of young permanent molars separately, it is possible to increase the prognosis of the tooth by combining regenerative endodontic treatment and pulpotomy treatment according to the condition of the pulps. In this case report, regenerative endodontic treatment and pulpotomy treatment were applied to different root canals of the first molar, which became necrotic before completing its maturation due to caries and had an apical lesion, and excellent healing was demonstrated. Key words: Biodentine, immature permanent teeth, periapical lesions, pulpotomy, regenerative endodontic treatment

Effects of Ultrasonography-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block on Postoperative Analgesia, Gastrointestinal Motility, and Mobilization in Patients Delivering Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonography (USG)-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative analgesia, gastrointestinal motility, and mobilization time in patients who had a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Material and Methods: The follow-up forms of the total 81 patients who had elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia between March 2022 and June 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups, 41 patients as the TAP block applied group (group T) and 40 patients as the control group (group C). Demographic data of patients, visual analog scale (VAS) values at postoperative 2nd-, 4th-, 6th-, 12th-, and 24th-hour, tramadol requirements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and tramadol consumption, postoperative nausea-vomiting (PONV) status, initial gas release times and mobilization times were analyzed. Results: The VAS scores of the patients in group T at the postoperative period 2nd-, 4th-, and 6th-hour were significantly lower than those of group C (

Competence-oriented course design and monitoring: The approach of Erasmus Plus project “better e-learning for all”

Erasmus Plus Project Better e-Learning for All aims at contributing to the reduction of the gap between the potential value of E-learning and the quality of design of online courses. Departing from research findings in dropout, motivation and retention factors, a conceptual approach to course design was developed and applied to the Better-e MOODLE environment. Better-e platform is designed to support teachers and trainers to overcome uncertainties about pedagogical choices, providing a Competence- oriented decision support environment and a selection of platform features customized to provide easiness of use, to support self-regulation, and to reduce the risks of incurring in common errors of course design that could have a negative impact on retention.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME under grant agreement no. 2015-1-TR01-KA204-021954 “Better e-Learning for All”.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Course design in e-learning and the relationship with attrition and dropout: a systematic review

Attrition and dropouts is a major issue in e-learning courses. Dropout rates for e-learning are 15–20% higher than traditional face-to-face courses (Angelino et al., 2007). ‘Better e-Learning for All’ is an Erasmus+ project that aims to enhance the knowledge about e-learning as a primary environment for adult education. The partnership has been studying e-learning dropout and dropout reasons reported in the literature, in order to propose a suitable approach for course design. In this paper, we will present the way we designed a systematic review of the ‘state of the art’, as well as some prime findings.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME under grant agreement no. 2015-1-TR01-KA204-021954 “Better e- Learning for All”