On Supporting Legacy and RF Energy Harvesting Devices in Two-Tier OFDMA Heterogeneous Networks

Future devices are likely to have the capability to harvest energy from Radio Frequency (RF) signals. In this paper, we consider such Energy Harvesting (EH) devices operating in a two-tier Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). Critically, we investigate how such EH devices can be supported along side non-RF harvesting or legacy devices. Our aim is to minimize the downlink sum transmit power of both femto and macro base-stations and ensure legacy and EH devices receive a given data rate and amount of energy, respectively. Critically, we study sub-carrier and power allocation to both types of devices, and investigate novel questions related to interference, which reduces network capacity but improves the amount of harvested energy by EH devices. To study these questions, we formulate a Mixed-Integer Non Linear Program (MINLP) and propose three linear approximations to the MINLP where devices are either assigned one or multiple sub-carriers. Numerical results show that EH devices will not affect network capacity if they can harvest sufficient energy from data transmissions to legacy devices. In addition, if multiple sub-carriers can be assigned to devices, our results show that the sum transmit power decreases by approximately 15% as compared to assigning a single sub-carrier to these devices

Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants Impact on Banks Profitability: Evidence from Asian Countries

Purpose: The study purpose is to check the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants impact on commercial banks of Asian countries and also study explore the areas need to be focused by bank management to improve management efficiency

Student satisfaction level among allied health sciences students at King Edward Medical University

The purpose of this study was to evaluate student satisfaction with their program, academic environment and administrative services in terms of its effectiveness on their professional attitudes, lives and career. A total of 261 students of allied health sciences program at King Edward Medical University, were examined in terms of personal satisfaction by means of a specifically designed student satisfaction survey. A qualitative analysis approach was used to interpret the data generated by a three‐part survey form circulated to the four proceeding sessions of allied health sciences program and satisfaction of students in 12 major disciplines was evaluated. The data was entered in statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) version 22 using quantitative variables and descriptive statistics including frequency distribution tables and diagrams. The study revealed a student satisfaction of only 22.1% with their program with different levels of recommendation in different sub-disciplines. A total of 20.9% students agreed to the library facilities, 53.9% with computer lab, 35% with administrative support, 29.6% with sports facilities and 49% with teaching methodologies. The present study concludes that most of the students had little satisfaction concerning their field of study. So, it is necessary to make an attempt for continuous development of quality services

Tobacco Cessation Treatment: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Physician in Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is a public health problem leading to substantial morbidity and mortality with around 80% of the deaths occurring in developing countries. Physician intervention has been shown to increase cessation rates. The study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians in tobacco cessation treatment in Karachi Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out between June to December 2013. All practicing physicians from Karachi were recruited. Survey questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected physicians after obtaining their consent. The study was approved by ethics review committee of The Aga Khan University Hospital. Results: A total of 189 physicians were approached and 163 consented to take part. Around 58.3% of the physicians reported high levels of confidence for discussing tobacco cessation, 40.5% of them developing tobacco cessation plan and only 26.4% were confident in recommending pharmacological treatment. Regarding knowledge of pharmacotherapy on a five-point scale majority (45.4%) rated themselves four or five. However, very Low rates of correct answers were noted for objective knowledge assessment (5.5%). Most physicians (78.5%) reported that they identify every patient’s tobacco use status. Most physicians (61.4%) reported always or almost always advising tobacco users to quit. Conclusion: Majority of the physicians believed in the importance of tobacco cessation treatment and understand their primary role. Most feel they have adequate knowledge regarding smoking cessation but lacked the skills required to implement tobacco cessation treatment strategies. Effective training is required to enhance physicians’ capacity to intervene in the field of tobacco cessation

Diagnostic Efficacy of MRCP and Ultrasound on Obstructive Jaundice-A Prospective Study

Background: Obstructive jaundice is a common pathological problem that occurs when there is an obstruction to the passage of conjugated bilirubin from liver cells to intestine. Bile, a digestive fluid secreted and produce by the liver. Most common cause of obstructive jaundice is due to gallstones. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic Efficacy of MRCP and Ultrasound on obstructive jaundice. Study design: A cross-sectional prospective study was performed. Material & Method: A cross-sectional prospective study was performed in 50 patients who came with the provisional diagnosis of obstructive jaundice were referred to ultrasound for primitive diagnosis and were then shifted to MRCP for a detailed diagnosis. The data was collected from the outpatient department facility of Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute   Hospital, Lahore. After informed consent, data was collected from MRI GE 1.5 Tesla, Ultrasound Canon Xanio. Results: The results revealed that there are 50 patients of obstructive jaundice. 20 were females’ patients and 30 were males’ patients, with age raging from 20-40 years. There were 17 patients out of  50 in our study which ultrasound showed negative results that were positive on MRCP there were 28 patients that were positive on both ultrasound and MRCP. There were 3 patients that were positive on ultrasound but negative on MRCP and 2 patients that were negative on both modalities Conclusion: Our study concluded that higher ratio of males then females in our sample size, RHC was positive in all the patients with dominant cause of jaundice was stone with in biliary channel. We found that MRCP has better efficiency comparative to ultrasound to detect jaundice and its etiology i.e., 90% true positive. Keywords: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, Ultrasonography, Obstructive jaundice DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/91-03 Publication date:July 31st 202

Anemia during Pregnancy and Its Prevalence

Anemia is a serious health issue throughout the world affecting both sexes of any age group. This nutritional disease is more common among the pregnant women of developing countries, where it is a major cause of maternal death and negative outcome of pregnancy. Among all anemic types, IDA is most prevalent one and is comprises of about 95% of all anemic cases around the world. In many developing countries it is more common in women of low socio-economic background and with no record of antenatal checkup. There is need for further health educational programs to overcome anemia especially for pregnant females

Optimizing Data Rate and Energy Delivery in Heterogeneous Radio-Frequency Harvesting Networks

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) will be a key enabler of Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks that consist of low-power devices that harvest energy from Radio Frequency (RF) signals emitted by base stations or access points. Hence, future networks will likely have both low-power RF-energy harvesting devices as well as legacy users such as laptops. In particular, both devices and users will share the same wireless channel to receive RF energy as well as transmit data. To ensure they share the spectrum efficiently, this thesis considers resource allo- cation problems in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple access (OFDMA) net- works. In particular, it considers sub-band/sub-carrier allocation problems that aim to meet the requirement of low-power devices and legacy users when they co-exist in the same network. Specifically, for low-power devices, developed solutions must en- sure low-power devices receive sufficient energy to collect samples or have sufficient energy to transmit frequently to a gateway. Similarly, these solutions must ensure legacy users are able to transmit at a given data rate. The first resource allocation problem concerns two-tier OFDMA based Hetero- geneous Networks (HetNets). Specifically, it aims to minimize the downlink sum transmit power of both femto and macro base-stations subject to legacy users and RF-energy harvesting devices receiving a given data rate and amount of energy, respectively. It studies sub-carrier and transmit power allocation, and investigates novel questions related to interference, which reduces network capacity but im- proves the amount of harvested energy by RF-energy harvesting devices. To study these questions, the problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Non Linear Program (MINLP). It contributes three linear approximations to the MINLP where devices are either assigned one or multiple sub-carriers. Numerical results show that RF- energy harvesting IoT devices will not affect network capacity if they can harvest sufficient energy from data transmissions to legacy devices. In addition, if multiple sub-carriers can be assigned to devices, the results show that the sum transmit power decreases by approximately 15% as compared to assigning a single sub-carrier to these devices

Differentiating Asthma from its mimics

All that wheezes is not asthma this adage accredited to Chevalier Jackson emphasizes the importance of differentiating asthma from its mimics, particularly if the patient is not responding to usual therapy. The above statement also warrants further diagnostic evaluation and management of non-asthma conditions that mimic asthma. We present here a case of a middle aged female who presented with severe bronchospasm, initially labeled as asthma but was resistant to usual anti-asthma therapy. After further workup she was eventually diagnosed to have esophageal achalasia

Ruptured splenic abscess: a rare case entity

Ruptured splenic abscess has been reported as a rare clinical entity in literature. We present the case of a middle aged female with peritonitis due to a ruptured splenic abscess. Emergency splenectomy was done and broad spectrum antibiotic was given postoperatively. However, the patient could not survive and died on the 4th postoperative day. We propose that a ruptured splenic abscess should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of peritonitis, especially in an immunocompromised individual. Key Words: splenic abscess, immunocompromised, splenectomy. Continuous..

Primary defect of ileal mesentery presenting as internal herniation and strangulation of the small bowel: Case Report

Primary internal hernia is a rare entity of acute intestinal obstruction. Delay in diagnosis and surgical intervention can cause ischaemia or gangrene of the small bowel and result in high morbidity and mortality. A 14-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with acute intestinal obstruction. On exploration, 3-4cm mesenteric defect was noted in the ileal region. Strangulated loops of the small bowel had gone through the mesenteric defect in a complicated way. Primary anastomosis was done after resection of the gangrenous small bowel. Key words: Primary internal hernia, Acute intestinal obstruction