Impact of Ethical Leadership on Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of ethical leadership on task performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), with the boundary condition of Islamic work ethics (IWE). Data were collected from 200 employees working in the public and private sector organizations in Islamabad, Pakistan. The data were analyzed through SPSS. The collected data revealed that ethical leadership has a positive and significant influence on task performance and OCB. Furthermore, IWE was also found a significant moderator by enhancing the relationship of ethical leadership and both the outcome variables. It concluded that ethical leadership sets the tone for the employees for improving their task performance and OCB. Additionally, Islamic work ethics can also enhance the positive outcomes of ethical leadership.&nbsp

Synchronization of N-Non-Linear Slave Systems with Master System Using Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Coupled Observers

Synchronization of N-slave chaotic systems with a master system is a challenging task, particularly in recent times. In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed for synchronizing the N number of slave systems with a master system. The proposed methodology is based on coupled adaptive synchronous observers. The difference between the corresponding states of master and slave systems is converged to the origin by means of a novel feedback control scheme to achieve synchronization between the master and slave systems. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is verified through a simulation of FitzHugh–Nagumo non-linear systems in MATLAB. The simulation results validate and prove claims, and these systems are successfully synchronized by CCS and CCAS observer-based control

On the finite mixture of exponential, Rayleigh and Burr Type-XII Distributions: Estimation of Parameters in Bayesian framework

In recent years, the finite mixtures of distributions have been proved to be of considerable attention in terms of their practical applications. This paper aims about studying the problem of estimating the parameters of a 3-component mixture of Exponential, Rayleigh and Burr Type-XII distributions using type-I right censoring scheme in Bayesian framework. The elegant closed form expressions for the Bayes estimators and their variances using the non-informative and the informative priors are derived for censored sample as well as for complete sample. The hyperparameters are elicited using prior predictive distribution when no or little prior information is available. The posterior predictive distribution with different priors is derived and the equations necessary to find the lower and upper limits of the Bayesian predictive intervals are constructed. A detailed simulation study is carried out to investigate the performance (in terms of variances) of the Bayes estimators. Finally, the model is illustrated using the real life data. Bayes estimators using the informative prior have been observed performing superior

Impact of Wheat Breeding Research on Punjab Economy

With the rapidly growing population of Pakistan there is emerging need of food to keep pace with it. Different research institutions are working for it. The current study was launched to see the impact of current wheat breeding programs impact on Punjab economy. For this secondary data from crop reporting services was taken. Only for the years of 2000-2006 the complete set of data regarding variety area and production was available. Results revealed that among all the major factors contributing towards yield improvement, the Varity role was about 12 percent. It was great contribution of wheat breeding

N-{(E)-[4-(Dimethyl­amino)­phen­yl]methyl­idene}-2,3-dimethyl­aniline

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H20N2, in which the dihedral angles between the aromatic rings are 30.34 (11) and 41.44 (8)°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯π inter­actions may help to establish the packing

(2Z)-2-[(2,3-Dimethyl­phen­yl)imino]-1,2-diphenyl­ethanone

In the title compound, C22H19NO, the 2,3-dimethyl­anilinic group is planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0226 Å. The phenyl rings with the carbonyl and imine substituents are also planar with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0019 and 0.0048 Å, respectively. These phenyl rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 74.70 (5) and 79.43 (5)°, respectively, with the 2,3-dimethyl­anilinic group, whereas the dihedral angle between them is 88.28 (4)°. Weak intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonding occurs and completes an S(5) ring motif in the mol­ecule. In the crystal, weak π–π inter­actions are present between the carbonyl-containing phenyl rings at a centroid–centroid distance of 3.5958 (12) Å. C—H⋯π inter­actions between the 2,3-dimethyl­anilinic and the carbonyl-containing phenyl rings are also present, where the C—H group is from the former

N′-[(E)-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl­idene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide. Corrigendum

Corrigendum to Acta Cryst. (2010), E66, o1881

Key Factors Affecting GDP in Pakistan Over the period 1975-2011

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of key factors like agriculture, industrial, the services sectors output, exchange rate and the trade openness on the economic growth in Pakistan. To fulfill the objective of the study, time series data spreading over the last 37 years (1975-2011) were collected from World Development Indicator (WDI). The empirical analysis started by analyzing the time series property of the data which was followed by checking the stationarity of all dependent and independent variables. The Johansen VAR-based Co-integration approach was applied to examine the sensitivity of real economic growth to changes in the explanatory variables in the long-run. The estimated coefficients of agriculture, services, industrial output, trade openness and the exchange rate positively and significantly affected the real GDP by 0.05, 0.42, 0.35, 0.025, and 0.062 percent respectively. The most significant factor identified, having impact upon the real GDP was the industrial output. It was contributing 0.42 % toward the real GDP. Key words: Johansen Co-integration, GDP, agriculture, industrial, the services sectors, trade opennes

IMPACT OF FAMILY OWNERSHIP ON FINANCING DECISIONS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPANIES LISTED AT THE KSE

The current study attempts to investigate debt and dividendpolicies under the umbrella of capital structure’s theories in bothorganizational types i.e. family owned business (FOB) and non-familyowned business (NFOB). Two threshold points of ownership structure(25% & 50%) were used to distinguishing FOB from NFOB. A sampleof 280 listed firms at the KSE was collected for the period 2002-13.Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was applied on paneldata to estimate the coefficients of variables. The empirical resultsindicated the weak application of pecking order theory and higherpayout ratio in family firms comparatively. The study providedexplanation regarding speedier rebalancing the target capitalstructure of family firms due to easier access to debt and long termpresence of the family in the firm. However, FOBs smooth dividends tolesser extent than their counterpart NFOBs indicate lower agencyand information asymmetry problems in them. SECP as well as stockexchanges are advised to bring required changes in corporate lawsto ensure lucid and verifiable disclosure regarding dividend policyin their reports, prospectus and websites et