Modern Urdu Poetry and Contemporary Requirements

The contemporary needs, demands, and challenges and their impact on our modern poetry are very pertinent to mention here that contemporary consciousness is very necessary for modern poets and poetry. Challenges of the modern era and contemporary consciousness are the main sources to impress the mind and soul of the Creator and such literature plays a significant role in society. The poets realize, analyze and judge the surrounding issues of their era and discuss them in their poetry. Succinctly we can say that the contemporary demands and challenges have a deep impact on modern poetry

A Comprehensive Review of Abdul Aziz Khalid's Works

Abdul Aziz Khalid is one of the most renowned Pakistani poets of Urdu literature. He adorned his poetry bouquet with multiple languages such as Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Hindi, and Hebrew. He wrote almost forty books on different types of literature, especially on Naat, Ghazal, Poem, quatrains, translation, and criticism. His knowledge  & vision about Islamic history and literature of different languages is above board. The names of his books are very unique and earned immense popularity particularly Farquleet, MaazMaaz, TaabTaab, Manhamanna, Lehun-e-sareer, Abu Turab, Sani lasani, Kaf e Darya, Kilk e Mouj, Kharoosh e Khum, etc. The reader can enhance his awareness about religions, love tails, historic sense, idioms, phrases,  Quranic Verses, Hadith, traditions of Islamic culture & life of Prophet Muhammad (SAAW)and his companions. His poetry is a beautiful blend of classic and modernism

Reflective Teaching and the Teachers' Self Efficacy in the Post Method Era: A Case Study of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia

The theoretical and practical underpinnings of reflective teaching and the teachers' self-efficacy were examined in this research to bring forth coherence in the construct and measurement of these apparently competing conceptual strands. The research found many implications of applying reflective teaching with its reconciliation with the teachers' self-efficacy for the practicing teachers. The study used Teacher Reflectivity questionnaire (short form) coined by Akbari, et al (2010) and the Teachers' Self Efficacy Scale developed on Bandura's (1997a) Social Cognitive Theory. The objectives of the study were to find correlation in (1) teachers’ reflective practices and self-efficacy in overall teaching practice (2) teachers’ reflective practices and self-efficacy on the basis of gender (3) teachers’ reflective practices and self-efficacy on the basis of their educational level, and (4) teachers’ reflective practices and self-efficacy on the basis of their job experience. A total of 96 teachers participated in this study. The study found that there was a positive correlation between the teachers' reflectivity and self-efficacy which means that the reflective practices by the teachers will obviously lead to teachers' self-efficacy. Keywords: Language teaching, reflective teaching, self-efficacy, post-method era

Study of dynamic behaviour of multi-layered structures subjected to blast loading

The objective of this research work is to assess the response of multi-layered plates in comparison to single plates to gain physical understanding of different phenomena taking place at micro level during localized blast loading. Since layered plates have been shown to give improved ballistic performance under certain circumstances, it is useful to ascertain and understand the influence of layering on blast performance. This investigation is carried out both experimentally and numerically. A finite element model was developed to design the blast experiments for two different steels of various thicknesses

Ocular Injuries in Earthquake Victims

Background: To determine pattern of ocular injuriessustained during earthquake that hit north of Pakistan inOct. 2005.Methods: It was a case-control study which included,all thirty-one patients who presented to or were referredto the eye departments of Rawalpindi General Hospitaland Holy Family Hospital (both tertiary care teachinghospitals attached to Rawalpindi Medical College). Theinjuries and their management were documented andanalyzed.Results: Ocular injuries were 0.19% of the total patientsreceived at these hospitals. Females were twice moreaffected than males. Children and young adults weremore affected. Most of the patients were residents ofMuzaffarabad. Most common presenting complaint wasesotropia resulting from cranial nerve palsies followed bylacerations of periorbital skin, fractures of orbital andfacial bones and the base of skull and ocular penetratinginjuries. Associated injuries were cranial nerve palsies,fractures orbit, facial bones and base of skull. Head injurywas common among one third of them. Most commondiagnosis was multiple cranial nerve injuries followed byisolated 6th nerve palsy.Conclusion: Pattern of ocular injuries sustainedduring earthquake is quite different from injuries incurredfrom other sources of trauma

A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF SOLOMONIC PROVERBS

The book of proverbs lies in the Old Testament. Beautiful and wisely sayings of prophet Solomon Sang of the Songs and Proverbs are considered the masterpieces that reflect the highest rank of poetry and the most influenced sayings. The book of Proverbs consists of seven (7) sections and thirty-one (31) chapters.The first section (chapter 1-9) consists of sayings of Solomon in which the father or teacher advise his son or students. The second section consists of two parts, the first part (10-14) contrasting the righteous and the wicked, and the second (15-22:16) addressing wise and foolish speech. Verse 22:17 opens ‘the words of the wise’, until verse 24:22, with short moral discourses on various subjects. Verses 24:23-34 ‘also belong to wise’ chapters 25-29 are proverbs of Solomon composed by “the men of “Hezekiah”, contrast the just and the wicked proverbs 30 are ‘The words of Agur’ the last chapter 31 consists of the words of king Lemuel and the proverbs of the ideal wise woman. This article describes the composition of proverbs and throws light on the importance of these golden sayings

Comparative Translational Semiotic Analysis of ‘The River of Fire’ through Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach

This study aimed to: find out semiotic devices in literary texts in the light of Halliday’s transitivity process; and classify De Saussure’s two-part model of sign and thereby know that what logical connections lie between transitivity processes and semiotic devices. Data comprised of the text of a novel ‘The River of Fire’ by Qurratulain Hyder and analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods. UAM software was used for the analysis of SFL transitivity processes and De Saussure’s model of sign was employed to analyze the language as a system of the sign. This process was applied to both versions (i.e. English and Urdu) of the same novel to compare the results. In this way, comparative technique was also utilized. As a result, all process types were observed in English and Urdu texts. Material and relational were the most characteristic processes in English and Urdu texts respectively. Through the analyses of English and Urdu texts of the novel, the processes of transitivity were observed involving the semiotic model of the sign. In addition, the signifier and signified were observed through the processes of systemic functional linguistics which meant that there existed a logical connection between semiotic devices and transitivity process

Intracranial CT Scan Findings in the Patients of Head Injury: An Early Experience at Dera Ghazi Khan Teaching Hospital

Introduction:  Head injury patients constitute a major number to any trauma emergency. Every head injury patient whose level of consciousness seems to alter, must be checked for brain injury. With the help of Computed Tomography (CT), Radiological evaluation has experienced a drastic change because it precisely explores the location and nature of lesion(s). Material and Methods:  This study included 408 patients that were admitted to the emergency of Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan, from October 2017 to September 2019. In this study, the location as well as nature of lesions were evaluated with the help of CT. Results:  CT results expressed that there was skull fracture (28.4%), extra dural hematoma (20.6%), diffuse intra cerebral hematoma (18.6%), brain contusions (18%), subdural hematoma (5.9%), diffuse axonal injury (DAI) (4.4%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (2.5%) and pneumocranium (1.5%). It was also noted that the males having age group between 20 – 35 years were mostly involved in head trauma and the reason for this was a road accident. Conclusion:  CT scan explained the location and nature of brain and skull lesions. Keywords:  Computed Tomography (CT), Road Accident, Head Trauma

Formulation design and characterization of a non-ionic surfactant based vesicular system for the sustained delivery of a new chondroprotective agent

A diacereína é usada para o alívio sintomático e para a regeneração da cartilagem na osteoartrite. Devido aos efeitos adversos gastrointestinais, baixa solubilidade aquosa e biodisponibilidade, o seu uso clínico tem sido restrito. O objetivo do presente estudo foi melhorar o perfil de dissolução deste fármaco e obter liberação prolongada através do planejamento de um novo sistema de liberação designado de niossoma. Cinco formulações distintas de niossomas (F1 a F5) contendo tensoativos não iônicos (monoestearato de sorbitano) e colesterol, em diferentes proporções, de 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 e 9:1, foram desenvolvidas através da técnica de evaporacão de fase reversa. Os tamanhos e índices de polidispersibilidade (PDI) obtidos variam entre 0,608 e 1,01 µm e entre 0,409 e 0,7781, respectivamente. Imagens de microscopia electrônica de varrimento (SEM) da formulação selecionada (F3) revelaram vesículas esféricas. Obteve-se encapsulação de 79,8% com a formulação F3 (7:3). Estudos de dissolução usando o método de diálise demonstraram padrão de liberacão prolongada para todas as formulações. A proporção de tensoativo e colesterol (7:3) na formulacão F3 prolongou o tempo de liberação do fármaco (T50%) até 10 horas. Estudos de modelação cinética demonstraram ordem de liberacão zero (R2=0,9834) e o expoente de liberação "n" do modelo de Korsmayer-Peppas (n=0.90) confirmou a liberação não-fickiana e anômala. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a diacereína pode ser encapsulada com sucesso no interior de niossomas, utilizando monostearato de sorbitano, o qual tem potencial para liberar, eficientemente, a diacereína no local de absorção.Diacerein is used for symptomatic relief and cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis. Due to gastrointestinal side effects, poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability, its clinical usage has been restricted. The objective of the present study was to enhance its dissolution profile and to attain sustained release by designing a novel delivery system based on niosomes. Five niosomal formulations (F1-F5) with non-ionic surfactant (sorbitan monostearate) and cholesterol in varying ratios of 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1 were developed by the reverse-phase evaporation technique. The size and polydispersivity index (PDI) were found in the range of 0.608 µm to 1.010 µm and 0.409 to 0.781, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the selected formulation (F3) revealed spherical vesicles, and 79.8% entrapment was achieved with F3 (7:3). Dissolution studies using the dialysis method showed sustained release behaviour for all formulations. The optimized surfactant-to-cholesterol concentration (7:3) in formulation F3sustained the drug-release time (T50%) up to 10 hours. Kinetic modelling exhibited a zero-order release (R2=0.9834) and the release exponent 'n' of the Korsmayer-Peppas model (n=0.90) confirmed non-fickian and anomalous release. The results of this study suggest that diacerein can be successfully entrapped into niosomes using sorbitan monostearate and that these niosomes have the potential to deliver diacerein efficiently at the absorption site