Nonmarital Sex Rituals on Mount Kemukus (Study of Legal Culture and Islamic Law Perspective)

The legal construction in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Islamic law the ban of extramarital sexual encounters, yet in Mount Kemukus, a different reality prevails. The formulation of the problems in this research are; first, what is the pattern of pilgrims' actions on Mount Kemukus? and second, what is the ideal of legal culture in Mount Kemukus? This study is from the perspective of legal culture and Islamic law. This paper examines the relationship between legal culture and Islamic law. This research is a field study employing a multidisciplinary socio-legal methodology. Observation and interviews were used to collect primary data, whilst a review of the literature was used to collect secondary data. This article combines social theory, legal theory, and Islamic legal theory to form an eclectic theory. This study found two general patterns, santri pilgrims and non-santri pilgrims, which represent the motivations, sources of belief, and patterns of pilgrims' actions; and (2) the ideal of legal culture in Mount Kemukus is to perform tawaṣul to Prince Samudro without performing non-marital sex rituals, and the law functions as a tool of social engineering for the benefit of society. The findings of this study suggest that in conditions of compulsion and despair, individuals seek justification for their actions even though they are against the social order. This research is useful for legal policies that regulate rituals and pilgrimages

School Counselors' Efforts in Implementing Career Guidance Services

This study aims to determine the roles and responsibilities of school counselors regarding student career services, as well as the form of school counselors' efforts in implementing career guidance services in SMK Al Falah Salatiga. This qualitative phenomenological study involved a school counselor and 39 11th-grade students. Primary and secondary data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation, and analyzed using data reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The study's finding demonstrates that (1) The school counselor's role in career advice services is to identify issues and address them, as well as to identify potentials as informants and career educators, facilitators, determinants, and implementers of career counseling programs. (2) The types of career advice services included: (a) orientation services; and (b) information technology services, which were delivered through websites and WhatsApp groups, power point files, pdf, eBooks, and learning videos; (c) Placement and distribution services, which were done through internship programs to direct students' skills

Resource Based Learning for Teaching and Learning English in Digital Environments

This paper presents a conceptual framework on the implementation of Resource Based Learning (RBL) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) class. Resource based learning emerges as the proponent of constructivism as well as a response to the rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) and its influence in education. Digital technologies pose potential opportunities in changing the face of education. The affordances of digital technologies empower more student-centered learning and more accessible educational information. Teaching English for foreign learners is dynamic and requires innovations. Admittedly, most English learners in Indonesia need more exposure to authentic English learning resources, and digital technologies are very potential in accommodating their needs. Resource based learning sets an innovative framework and systematic approach for English educators in designing digital technology-based instructions