Effective Management and Its Impact on Growth of Small and Medium Sized Pakistani Firms

The study is held to observe the impact of Management including Management levels and decision making on the growth of small firms. Study area is Punjab (Pakistan). Small firms have no proper firm structure; they do not follow the formal rules to run the organization. Inspite of this, these firms are growing rapidly. If these firms have effective management levels and rational decision making than the firms will grow rapidly. The results show a significant increase in growth by using rational decision making and having effective management levels. Statistical results show that if we spend 1% on independent variable, then it shows an 80% increase in dependent variable. Keywords: Small firm; Management; Growth; Decision makin

A Study of Casual Relationship of Job Design and Employee’s Behavior

Some factors other than higher salaries, compensation benefits and conducive workplace seem to have strong impact on employee’s performance i.e. organization citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior.  Purpose of this study is to examine the impact of job design elements i.e. job enlargement, job enrichment and job rotation on employee’s organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior in the banking sector of Faisalabad and extent to which this relationship is mediated by motivation. Data was collected from 170 frontline managers of banks. After analysis of data, it was found that that there is a positive and significant relationship between job enlargements, job enrichment on OCB while negative and significant relationship between job rotation and OCB. Negative and significant relationship between job enlargement and CWB, negative but insignificant relationship between job enrichment and CWB while positive and significant relationship was found between the job rotation and CWB. Motivation was partially mediating the relationship between job enlargement, enrichment, rotation and organizational citizenship behavior, while motivation was partially mediating the relationship between job rotation and counterproductive work behavior. This study enhances the existing literature of job design and contributes to research by finding how job design influences the OCB & CWB.&nbsp

Effective Management and Its Impact on Growth of Small and Medium Sized Pakistani Firms

The study is held to observe the impact of Management including Management levels and decision making on the growth of small firms. Study area is Punjab (Pakistan). Small firms have no proper firm structure; they do not follow the formal rules to run the organization. In spite of this, these firms are growing rapidly. If these firms have effective management levels and rational decision making than the firms will grow rapidly. The results show a significant increase in growth by using rational decision making and having effective management levels. Statistical results show that if we spend 1% on independent variable, then it shows an 80% increase in dependent variable

Exploring Brand Awareness, Customer Loyalty and Perceived Quality: how they ensure Profitability and generate Purchase Intention: A study on cosmetic industry of Pakistan

The research looks at the reseller's view of the brand's reputation, quality and customer loyalty on the profitability and purchasing of the brand. In addition, the research focuses on clarifying the role of the purchasing power intermediary in the relationship between brand awareness and profitability, quality and profitability, brand awareness and profitability. The investigation was of a causal nature and data was collected from 200 retailers. The results showed the brand awareness and loyally meaningless impact, while the observed quality had a significant impact on profitability. In addition, the results revealed a significant impact on brand awareness, quality knowledge and loyalty for purchasing purposes. The conciliation Sobel test showed that procurement intensity only conveys the relationship between observed quality and profitability.&nbsp

How to Generate Store Loyalty? Exploring the Role of Preferential Treatment and Salesperson Trust: Mediating role of Commitment to Salesperson

This article describes how much the importance and impact of preferential treatment by salespersons & customers-salespersons relationship & trust for store loyalty. Providing preferential treatment and customer trust to salesperson can be very useful for managers so that customers can be loyal. This long-term relationship helps retailers gain profits and survive in business. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Most of the data were collected from Faisalabad University students by using convenience sampling, but some of the respondents responsible for different spheres were also included in generalizability. A sufficient number of females have also been included according to the needs of the research. Both preferential treatment and trust in salesperson have a positive impact on the build-up of store loyalty. The results also that trust in the salesperson is more affecting the customer's commitment to the salesperson and thus creates loyal customers.&nbsp

A Study of Factors Affecting Consumer’s Willingness to buy Counterfeit Products

 The progress of this study is to offer and test models that include models of leadership of customer behavior and willingness to deliberately purchase luxury fashion items. The impact of many social, psychological and social emergencies has been identified and recognized. To narrow this gap, the study was conducted to identify key milestones in the readiness to buy counterfeit products in Pakistan. The survey was conducted by 257 people from three major markets in Pakistan, such as Lahore, Faisalabad and Islamabad. In addition, the SEM technique is used to test the hypothesis. The study ends with some contributions and findings. Economic benefits, past experience and materialism of counterfeiting play an important role in the pursuit of counterfeit products. While the hedonic benefits were not as important as hypothetical. The study identifies the leading determinants of lying and willingness to buy fake products by testing a wide range of literature and theories on consumer behavior and marketing. From the point of view of managers, stylish fashion makers will gain insight into the factors that play a key role in counterfeiting. However, a little of this study was revised on the basis of the regional context. From a theoretical point of view the theoretical theory is encouraged to enter into the literary literature relating to purchasing decisions. &nbsp

Assessment of Wastewater Quality of Paharang Drain and its Impact on the Ground Water Quality of Adjacent Areas

This study was conducted to assess the effect of wastewater quality of Paharang drain Faisalabad on ground water quality of adjacent areas. Ground water samples and drain water samples were collected and analyzed by using standard methods. Parameters of wastewater samples were compared with Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). Results indicated that physico-chemical parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, fluoride and total hardness were found exceeding the permissible limits in wastewater samples. Similarly, few physicochemical parameters in groundwater were found within the permissible limit while electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, chlorides (Cl), fluoride (F), and total hardness in most of samples were found above the Pak EPA and WHO standard limits. Heavy metals like nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were found within the prescribed concentrations in drain and ground water samples. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of some drain wastewater parameters like conductivity, TDS, salt, temperature, and Cl on the corresponding ground water quality. A strong positive correlation between pH, EC, TDS, Salt, and Cl in drain wastewater and strong positive correlation between EC, TDS and Salt in ground water samples was observed. For improving the ground water quality in the adjacent areas textile wastewater treatment all factories is required, and a combined effluent treatment plant (CETP) at the Paharang drain is also recommended

Studying Customer Attitudes towards Advertising in Pakistan

The purpose of the paper is to examine the customer attitudes towards advertising in Pakistan. In this study researcher examine the different dimensions of attitudes towards advertising economics beliefs, social beliefs, regulation beliefs, and personal usefulness and ethical beliefs. Data for the study collected from the customers in twin cities of Pakistan. Final analysis performed on 116 valid responses. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to check the reliability of the scale. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis and check the variance. The findings of the descriptive analysis show that customer’s regulation and ethics beliefs towards advertising are not better and Economic beliefs, Social beliefs and Personal usefulness about advertising are better. The current policies of advertisers are not according to customer’s regulation beliefs and ethics beliefs. The data was collected just from students and used a small sample of 116 respondents however it may affect to generality. The study provides significant practical implications for the marketing managers as well as advertisers to adjust their advertising plans or policies in Pakistan with respect to the different dimensionality of consumer’s attitudes toward advertising.&nbsp

Teacher Perception About Implementation Strategy of B.Ed Teaching practice in Real School Classrooms: Issues and Challenges

Teaching practice is the core component of all pre-service teacher education programs. Through teaching practice, a novice teacher is assumed to have inculcated a supposedly viable pedagogic experience to transfer the core competency of the subject knowledge to students in real classroom situation. This study encompasses the challenges and issues that the novice teachers experience at post-training level of their B.Ed programme of studies. The investigations also enlighten the gaps that the trained teachers have shared with the researchers. The study highlights the extent to which the on-training components of teaching practice is reflected in the attitude of the trained teachers while implementing the set of learned skills in real classrooms. Study participants comprised randomly selected n = 120 student-teachers who had obtained their Bachelors Degree in Education in 2008. SPSS v16 independent sample t-test was used to measure the difference in the mean perception scores of the two groups of teachers. The tested hypotheses indicated that the mean scores of the two groups of sampled teachers were not significantly different. Student-teachers’ interviews revealed that teaching practice in the B.Ed programme was ineffective from the implementation perspectives. Teaching methods and techniques employed during the coursework were only lecture based and did not help novice teachers implement innovative classroom teaching techniques. Experiences of the two trained groups of teachers showed no significant difference on the basis of B.Ed teaching practice objectives and its implementation in professional teaching contexts

Um estudo da relação causal de autonomia no trabalho, apoio social e intenção de rotatividade

Boredom at workplace is a negative well-being displayed by both blue and white collar employees who had lost their passion and value towards jobs under non stimulating working environment. Yet, there are limited studies in this area. Scholars had constantly associated boredom with negative working performance such as job dissatisfaction, high absenteeism, poor health condition and low organizational commitment. However, the association with turnover intention remains debatable. In Pakistan, the turnover intention among academicians of universities are in critical stage ever since year 2015. Although the Higher Education Commission Pakistan recognize the potential of private universities in supporting Pakistan to improve education in the countries, this issue remains unsolved which may jeopardize the success. Therefore, this study put forward the antecedents and consequence of boredom at workplace under a single model which includes the investigation of job autonomy, social support, and turnover intention among academicians. A quantitative study was conducted by obtaining data from 279 academicians working for 25 private universities in Lahore an Islamabad. The results showed that job autonomy was not significantly associated with turnover intention because job autonomy has no association with boredom at the first place. In contrast, social support was negatively associated with boredom which led to positive association with turnover intention. Moreover, the result confirmed the presence of boredom as mediator upon bootstrapping. It is suggested that private universities shall motivate academicians to actively participate in trainings, conferences, and seminars as the opportune time can be used to build good rapport among them.El aburrimiento en el lugar de trabajo es un bienestar negativo que muestran tanto los empleados de cuello azul como los de clase blanca que han perdido su pasión y valor hacia los empleos en un entorno laboral no estimulante. Sin embargo, hay estudios limitados en esta área. Los académicos han asociado constantemente el aburrimiento con el desempeño laboral negativo, como la insatisfacción laboral, el alto ausentismo, la mala condición de salud y el bajo compromiso organizacional. Sin embargo, la asociación con la intención de rotación sigue siendo discutible. En Pakistán, la intención de rotación entre los académicos de las universidades se encuentra en una etapa crítica desde el año 2015. Aunque la Comisión de Educación Superior de Pakistán reconoce el potencial de las universidades privadas para ayudar a Pakistán a mejorar la educación en los países, este problema sigue sin resolverse, lo que puede poner en peligro el éxito.. Por lo tanto, este estudio expuso los antecedentes y las consecuencias del aburrimiento en el lugar de trabajo bajo un modelo único que incluye la investigación de la autonomía laboral, el apoyo social y la intención de cambio entre los académicos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo mediante la obtención de datos de 279 académicos que trabajan en 25 universidades privadas en Lahore y Islamabad. Los resultados mostraron que la autonomía laboral no se asoció significativamente con la intención de la rotación, ya que la autonomía laboral no tiene ninguna asociación con el aburrimiento en primer lugar. En contraste, el apoyo social se asoció negativamente con el aburrimiento, lo que llevó a una asociación positiva con la intención de la rotación. Además, el resultado confirmó la presencia de aburrimiento como mediador en el arranque. Se sugiere que las universidades privadas motiven a los académicos a participar activamente en capacitaciones, conferencias y seminarios, ya que el momento oportuno se puede utilizar para establecer una buena relación entre ellos.O tédio no local de trabalho é um bem-estar negativo exibido por funcionários de colarinho azul e branco que perderam a paixão e o valor para empregos em ambiente de trabalho não estimulante. No entanto, existem estudos limitados nesta área. Os acadêmicos associaram constantemente o tédio ao desempenho negativo do trabalho, como insatisfação no trabalho, alto absenteísmo, condições de saúde precárias e baixo comprometimento organizacional. No entanto, a associação com a intenção de rotatividade continua a ser discutível. No Paquistão, a intenção de rotatividade entre acadêmicos de universidades está em fase crítica desde 2015. Embora a Comissão de Educação Superior do Paquistão reconheça o potencial das universidades privadas em apoiar o Paquistão para melhorar a educação nos países, esta questão permanece sem solução, o que pode comprometer o sucesso. Portanto, este estudo apresenta os antecedentes e conseqüências do tédio no local de trabalho sob um único modelo que inclui a investigação da autonomia do trabalho, apoio social e intenção de rotatividade entre os acadêmicos. Um estudo quantitativo foi realizado através da obtenção de dados de 279 acadêmicos que trabalham para 25 universidades privadas em Lahore e Islamabad. Os resultados mostraram que a autonomia do trabalho não estava significativamente associada à intenção de rotatividade, porque a autonomia do trabalho não tem nenhuma associação com o tédio em primeiro lugar. Em contraste, o apoio social foi negativamente associado ao tédio, o que levou a uma associação positiva com a intenção de rotatividade. Além disso, o resultado confirmou a presença do tédio como mediador no bootstrapping. Sugere-se que as universidades privadas motivem os acadêmicos a participar ativamente de treinamentos, conferências e seminários, já que o momento oportuno pode ser usado para construir um bom relacionamento entre eles