The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the diabetes mellitus condition induced by the combination of spirulina and chitosan

Background: Rapid wound healing is needed after tooth extraction treatment so that prosthodontics treatment can be done immediately. However, systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, can inhibit the wound healing process. The state of hyperglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus can interfere with the function of macrophages and neutrophils. This condition can cause an imbalance in the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 that are produced by macrophages and thus will affect the wound healing process. Spirulina and chitosan are two natural substances that have been proven to have anti-inflammatory properties. This study was aimed to determine whether the combination of 12% spirulina and 20% chitosan can accelerate wound healing through its intervention in cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10. Method: The samples used were 36 Wistar rats suffering from diabetes mellitus and divided into control groups induced by CMC Na base gel and treatment groups induced by the combination of 12% spirulina and 20% chitosan in the socket. These 2 groups were further divided into groups terminated on one day, three days and seven days post-extraction. Results: The amount of IL-1β and TNF-α in the treatment groups is lower than that of the control group. Meanwhile, the treatment group of IL-10 showed an increase in IL-10 levels. Conclusion: The combination of 12% spirulina and 20% chitosan can accelerate wound healing. They are decreasing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α as well as increasing the number of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10

The Differences Scaffold Composition in Pore Size and Hydrophobicity Properties as Bone Regeneration Biomaterial

Surgical procedure using bone replacement materials are still needed to accelerate new bone formation. Tissue engineering concept develop the research in scaffold biomaterial. Chitosan, gelatin and bovine hydroxyapatite combination can be synthesized as an ideal scaffold biomaterial that has a biomimetic properties of bone tissue. To determine pore size and hydrophobicity properties of chitosan-gelatin/bovine hydroxyapatite scaffold at various eligible ratios in bone tissue engineering Scaffold chitosan-gelatin/bovine hydroxyapatite with a ratio of 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60 synthesized using freeze dry method. Scaffold on each ratio was tested by pore size examination using Scanning Electron Microscope. The ratio of swelling and water content percentage was done by measuring the initial weight and final weight after being soaked in distillate water for 1, 3 and 7 days. The smallest pore size was obtained at a 20:80 ratio scaffold with a mean value of 254.44 ± 37.96 μm and the largest on a 40:60 ratio scaffold with a mean value of 423.04 ± 68.72 μm. Swelling ratios and water content percentage were highest on the chitosan-gelatin/bovine hydroxyapatite ratio of 40:60 at day 7 (2,904 ± 0.531 and 75.84 ± 2.6%). The pore size and hydrophobicity properties corresponding to bone tissue regeneration biomaterials were obtained on the 20:80 and 30:70 ratios chitosan-gelatin/bovine hydroxyapatite scaffol

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells accelerate and increase implant osseointegration in diabetic rats

Objective:  This study was conducted to assess the effect of hUCMSCs injection on the osseointegration of dental implant in diabetic rats via Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix (Osx), osteoblasts, and Bone Implant Contact (BIC). Methodology: The research design was a true experimental design using Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. Rattus norvegicus were injected with streptozotocin to induce experimental diabetes mellitus. The right femur was drilled and loaded with titanium implant. Approximately 1 mm from proximal and distal implant site were injected with hUCMSCs. The control group was given only gelatin solvent injection. After 2 and 4 weeks of observation, the rats were sacrificed for further examination around implant site using immunohistochemistry staining (RUNX2 and Osterix expression), hematoxylin eosin staining, and bone implant contact area. Data analysis was done using ANOVA test. Results: Data indicated a significant difference in Runx2 expression (p<0.001), osteoblasts (p<0.009), BIC value (p<0.000), and Osterix expression (p<0.002). In vivo injection of hUCMSCs successfully increased Runx2, osteoblasts, and BIC value significantly, while decreased Osterix expression, indicating an acceleration of the bone maturation process.Conclusion: The results proved hUCMSCs to accelerate and enhance implant osseointegration in diabetic rat models

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Therapy to Increase the Density of Osteoporotic Mandibular Bone

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem-cell (hUCMSC) therapy in increasing osteoporotic mandibular bone density in a rat model by determining changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, type 1 collagen, and trabecular bone area after treatment. Materials and Methods This research adopted an experimental posttest-only control group design. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely, a control group with rats postsham surgery (T1), osteoporotic model postovariectomy rats (T2), postovariectomy rats 4 weeks after gelatin injection (T3), postovariectomy rats 8 weeks after gelatin injection (T4), postovariectomy rats 4 weeks after hUCMSC injection (T5), and postovariectomy rats 8 weeks after hUCMSC injection (T6). The rats were all sacrificed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations of ALP, osteocalcin, type 1 collagen, and trabecular bone area. Results Increased expression of ALP, type 1 collagen, and osteocalcin, as well as increased trabecular bone area, was observed in the treatment groups compared with that in the osteoporotic groups. Conclusion hUCMSCs produce significant osteogenic effects and increase osteoporotic mandibular bone density in the animal model. Increases in bone density are demonstrated by the higher levels of ALP, osteocalcin, and type 1 collagen, as well as increases in the trabecular bone area

Evaluation of osteogenic properties after application of hydroxyapatite-based shells of Portunus pelagicus

Background: After tooth extraction, the socket leaves a defect on the alveolar bone. The administration of shell crab-derived hydroxyapatite maintains bone dimensions that are important for achieving successful prosthodontic treatment. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the osteogenic properties, such as the number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes, after the application of hydroxyapatite-based shell crab in the post-extraction sockets of Wistar rats. Methods: There were two groups: the control group (K) and the treatment group (T). Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. After tooth extraction, hydroxyapatite gel derived from Portunus pelagicus shells was applied to the tooth sockets of Wistar rats. Observations and calculations of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes were carried out on the 14th and 28th days under a light microscope with 400 times magnification. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the K14 and P14 groups, K28 and P28 groups, K14 and K28 groups, and P14 and P28 groups. The results indicated that there were significant differences between groups of variables. Conclusion: The application of shell crab-derived hydroxyapatite (Portunus pelagicus) was able to decrease the number of osteoclasts and increase the number of osteoblasts and osteocytes

APLIKASI SCAFFOLD KITOSAN-GELATIN-BOVINE HIDROKSIAPATIT PADA BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS TIKUS

Latar belakang. Intervensi bedah dengan material pengganti tulang masih dibutuhkan untuk mempercepat proses pembentukan tulang baru. Kombinasi kitosan-gelatin dan bovine hidroksiapatit (K-G/BHA) dapat menghasilkan sebuah scaffold yang memiliki sifat serupa dengan jaringan fisiologis tulang. Scaffold yang diaplikasikan dengan bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) dapat menjanjikan sebuah pembentukan tulang baru. Tujuan. Mengetahui potensi scaffold K-G/BHA 20:80 (w/w) sebagai standard biomaterial rekayasa jaringan tulang, viabilitas, perlekatan dan aktifitas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) pada BM-MSCs tikus. Metode. Pengujian karakteristik scaffold K-G/BHA 20:80 (w:w) dilakukan untuk mengetahui ukuran pori, rasio swelling, water content percentage (WCP) dan tingkat degradasi. BM-MSCs didapatkan melalui isolasi langsung dari femur tikus. Pengujian viabilitas hari ke-1 dan ke-3 terhadap BM-MSCs dilakukan menggunakan metode MTT, pengujian perlekatan hari ke-1 dan ke-3 dilakukan menggunakan SEM dan aktifitas ALP pada hari ke-3, ke-7 dan ke-14 menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil. Hasil karakterisasi scaffold K-G/BHA 20 (w:w) pada ukuran pori sebesar 254.44 μm, rasio swelling hari ke-1; 3; dan 7 sebesar 0.910±0.116; 1.250±0.227; dan 2.108±0.141, WCP hari ke-1; 3; dan 7 sebesar 47.487±3.088%; 55.204±4.274%; dan 67.770±1.451% dan tingkat degradasi hari ke-1; 3; dan 7 sebesar 13.200±1.830%; 19.238±1.786%; dan 22.507±1.517%. Persentase sel yang hidup pada hari ke-1 dan 3 adalah 77.294±0.715% dan 86.016±0.642%. Terdapat peningkatan perlekatan BM-MSCs pada hari ke-1 dan 3. Aktifitas ALP hari ke 3; 7; dan 14 sebesar 0.1663±0.0043 mmol/L; 0.1317±0.0041 mmol/L; dan 0.1210±0.0054 mmol/L. Kesimpulan. Karakteristik scaffold K-G/BHA 20:80 (w:w) memenuhi standar sebagai biomaterial rekayasa jaringan tulang. Scaffold K-G/BHA dapat meningkatkan persentase sel hidup dan perlekatan BM-MSCs serta menginduksi pembentukan tulang

Nutrition education and mastication improvement through social services provision in Ketapang sub-district, Probolinggo

Introduction: A community-based exercise was implemented with the specific theme “Awareness raising among Family Welfare Program and Youth Organization group members of the importance of Family Nutrition Literacy and of nutrition education and mastication improvement through provision of removable dentures” in Ketapang sub-district, Kademangan district, Probolinggo. Aim: This community-based service was intended to inform the public of the importance of nutritional consumption to ensure a well-nourished family and enhanced mastication resulting from the use of removable dentures. This event was held in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two teams managing innovative and promotion were created. The role of the former was to conceptualize activities, while that of the latter was to directly inform the target community using a combination of printed and electronic media. These teams consisted of lecturers and 2nd year residents of the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga. Results: The event involved the use of video conferencing through which residents delivered online counselling session to Family Welfare Program, Youth Organization group, and health cadre mem-bers who had already gathered at Ketapang Health Center, while maintaining physical distancing. Several residents worked on site alongside health cadres from the Ketapang Health Center. Given the ongoing pandemic, the teams decided to donate certain props: four full dentures, four removable partial dentures and four fixed partial dentures. Conclusion: Online counseling of the Ketapang Health Center cadres was expected to increase their awareness and comprehension of nutrition education and improvement in the mastication function of dentures through the use of teaching aids

Management of a complete denture in the flat mandibular ridge using a semi-adjustable articulator along with an effective suction method

Background: Complete dentures can improve the quality of life of edentulous patients. The selection of a suitable articulator and an impression technique is important to construct a stable and retentive complete denture with good occlusion. The use of a semi-adjustable articulator ensures that the dentures can be constructed such that their movement closely resembles the patient’s physiological movements. The effective suction method can ensure the development of the border seal according to the patient’s anatomical condition. The use of a semi-adjustable articulator along with an effective suction method is expected to provide good results in the construction of a complete denture. Purpose: This report aimed to describe the management of individual complete dentures in the flat mandibular ridge using a semi-adjustable articulator along with an effective suction method. Case: A 69-year-old female patient came with a chief complaint of her old dentures being unusable and wanted new dentures made. The patient’s general condition was good, and the last extraction was done three months prior to the patient’s arrival. The mandibular posterior alveolar ridge showed dextral tapering and sinistral flatness. Case Management: A complete denture with an acrylic base was fabricated using a semi-adjustable articulator along with an effective suction method. Conclusion: Flat ridge case management using a semi-adjustable articulator with an effective suction method can improve complete denture retention and stability

Detection of short tandem repeats at 5 loci and amelogenin with cell-free fetal DNA as a specimen in the development of prenatal paternity diagnostic tests

Abstract Introduction A prenatal paternity test is one widely-used method of determining the paternity of an unborn child. Such tests using chorionic villus or amniocentesis may increase the risk of harm to both mother and foetus. In the present day, a prenatal paternity test using circulating cell-free fetal Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is one alternative method due to it being non-invasive and safe for both mother and foetus. Aim The aim of this study is to detect Short Tandem Repeat (STR) at 5 Loci (vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, and D21S11) and amelogenin genes in circulating cell-free fetal DNA in paternity tests. Materials and methods Forty-one samples of maternal blood were obtained from pregnant woman. Circulating free fetal DNA was subsequently extracted. A paternity test was conducted using an STR test at loci vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, D21S11 in circulating free fetal DNA. An analysis of the paternity test between loci > 200 bp and  200 bp. Conclusion Circulating free fetal DNA can be used as an alternative sample for prenatal paternity tests because of its similarity with maternal DNA

The role of the combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (xenograft) as tooth extraction socket preservation materials on osteocalcin and transforming growth factor-beta 1 expressions in alveolar bone of Cavia cobaya

Aim: Alveolar bone resorption, often occurring after tooth extraction, can be minimized through socket preservation. This process uses a combination of Moringa leaf extract and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX) that is expected to generate both transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expressions as a transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin accelerating alveolar bone formation. This research aimed to analyze the role of the combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX induced in socket preservation when generating TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions. Materials and Methods: The left mandibular incisors of 56 Cavia cobaya were extracted and divided into four groups subjected to different socket preservation treatments. The first group treated with polyethylene glycol, the second group with DFDBBX, the third group with Moringa leaf extract, and the fourth group with a combination of DFDBBX and Moringa leaf extract. The C. cobaya were examined on days 7 and 30, after which the specimens were sacrificed and examined using an immunohistochemical technique. The resulting data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests. Results: There was a significant difference in TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions between the groups (P < 0.05). The highest mean amount of TGF-β1 and osteocalcin was found in the fourth group on both days 7 and 30. Conclusions: The combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX can effectively generate TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets