Fertilizer Requirements of Newly Planted Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Seedlings

The results of the present study indicated that height and diameter increments of newly planted teak seedlings were significantly affected by N and P fertilizers. Leaf weight, shoot weight, root weight and total dry matter production showed statistically significant responses to fertilizer application at harvest, one year after planting. Root-shoot ratio decreased as a result of fertilizer application. The present study also revealed that the application of 300 kg/ha triple superphosphate and 200 kg/ha ammonium sulphate are required to enhance the height and diameter growth and total plant weight of newly planted teak seedlings on Penambang soil series

Growth Response of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Seedlings to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers

Teak (fectona grandis L.f) is one of the high quality timber species in the world. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the growth response of teak seedlings to N, P, K fertilizers. The results of the present study indicated that root weight, leaf area and total plant weight of the teak seedlings were significantly affected by all the three main factors i.e. N, P and K Height increment, leaf weight, shoot weight and root length showed statistically significant responses to N and P fertilizers. The main effects of N and K but not of P were statistically significant for diameter increment. There was significant main effect of N only far root-shoot ratio. The present study also revealed that the application of 564 kg/ha ammonium sulphate, 300 kg/ha triple superphosphate and 75 kg/ha muriate ofpotash are required to enhance height and diameter growth and total plant weight of teak seedlings at nursery stage

A Comparative Analysis Of Conventional Software Development Approaches Vs. Formal Methods In Call Distribution Systems

When we think about formal method; the first thing which comes in our mind is mathematical approach. The process of formalization is an approach based on mathematics and used to elaborate the properties of systems (hardware and software). The mathematical modeling or formal methods provide us a framework for large and complex systems. Thus these systems can be specified, analyzed, designed, and verified in a systematic way rather than the approaches which are used conventionally. Formal verification and the methods are applied using theoretical computer science fundamentals to solve the complex and difficult problems in large and complex software and hardware systems to ensure the systems will not fail with run-time errors. Conventional approaches of software verification in call distribution systems rely on quality assurance to verify the system behavior and robustness. The process of software testing cannot show the absence of errors it can only show the presence of errors in software systems. [1] In contrast, the mathematically-based techniques of verification are based on formal methods to prove certain software attributes, for example proving that software does or does not contain the occurrence of errors at run-time such as overflows, divide-by-zero, and access violation, invalid memory access and stack/heap corruption. [1] In this paper later we will have comparative analysis of formal methods vs. conventional software development approaches in call distribution systems. Using this comparison we‘ll try to identify the methodologies and approaches which would be better in SDLC for call distribution systems.

Social determinants of Health and Alcohol consumption in the UK

  Addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) and health inequities are essential for successfully combating alcohol-related harm. In U.K, excessive consumption of alcohol is a huge public health concern. An estimated 9 million adults drink at level that increase the risk of harm to their health; 1.6 million adults in England have some degree of alcohol dependence; and of these some 250,000 are believed to be moderately or severely dependent and may benefit from intensive specialist treatment. To be able to devise effective action, it is essential to comprehend these inequities in the healthcare system. Health inequities are not solely related to access to health care services; there are many other determinants related to living and working conditions, as well as the overall macro-policies prevailing in a country. The key intention of this review was to critically analyse the degree to which social determinants have impacted on excess alcohol consumption. A comprehensive approach to reduce inequities in alcohol-related harm requires action that includes mix of long- and short-term impacts, addressing the consequences and the root causes of inequities, and acting on both individuals and environments. Whereas, consequences of harmful alcohol use are more severe for those already experiencing social exclusion. We suggest that (1) the effective legislation, (2) modifying marketing strategies, (3) enhancing cooperation with regional organizations, (4) more effectively implementing existing regulation and (5) consulting expert will enhance SDH for this vulnerable population

Primary chiasmal sarcoid granuloma masquerading as glioma of the optic chiasm

A 37-year-old woman presented with a 6 months history of headaches and memory impairment. Examination showed no neurological deficit with normal vision. MRI scans showed an enlarged optic chiasm. There was no dural or leptomeningeal enhancement or hydrocephalus. Open biopsy of the suprasellar mass showed non-caseating chronic granulomatous inflammation compatible with sarcoidosis. Systemic features of sarcoid were absent. Patient showed marked improvement on steroid therapy

Transversus abdominis plane block as a sole anesthetic technique for open appendectomy in patient with treacher collins syndrome: A case report

Patients with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) present serious challenges to anesthetist in securing of airway; upper airway obstruction and difficult tracheal intubation are considered complex entity in these patients. This case report describes the significance of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as a sole anesthetic choice in appendectomy where airway management can be avoided. A 17-year-old boy, known case of TCS, presented with acute appendicitis underwent emergency laparotomy. Surgery was successfully performed by TAP block with dexmedetomidine infusion. Open appendectomy can be performed successfully in certain circumstances under TAP block with adjunctive use of dexmedetomidine infusion where airway handling is avoided. Further studies are warranted to distinct its use as sole anesthetic choice in lower abdominal surgeries

Dealing a Neonate with CHARGE Syndrome: Anaesthesia perspective of perioperative care

CHARGE syndrome is a condition that can disturb numerous areas of human body. As an abbreviation CHARGE stands for: coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, and retardation of growth, genital, and ear abnormalities. The configuration of malformations differs among individuals with this disorder, and the various health issues can be life-threatening during infancy and childhood. Affected individuals typically have several main features or a combination of major and minor appearances. Here we are presenting a case report of a neonate with CHARGE syndrome who underwent successful repair of choanal atresia under general anaesthesia with invasive monitoring

Comparison of spinal anesthesia dosage based on height and weight versus height alone in patients undergoing elective cesarean section

Background: Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine, typically used for elective and emergency cesarean section, is associated with a significant incidence of hypotension resulting from sympathetic blockade. A variety of dosing regimens have been used to administer spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of hypotension following two different fixed dosing regimens.Methods: This was a randomized double-blind clinical trial with a two-sided design, 5% significance level and 80% power. After approval of the hospital ethics review committee, 60 patients were divided randomly into two groups. In one group, the local anesthetic dose was adjusted according to height and weight, and in the other, the dose was adjusted according to height only.Results: Sixty women with a singleton pregnancy were included. Of the factors that could affect dose and blood pressure, including age, weight, height, and dose, only height differed between the groups. Mean heart rate was similar between the groups. Hypotension was significantly more frequent with dosage based on height alone than with two-factor dose calculation (56.7% vs. 26.7%; P = 0.018).CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting the dose of isobaric bupivacaine to a patient\u27s height and weight provides adequate anesthesia for elective cesarean section and is associated with a decreased incidence and severity of maternal hypotension and less use of ephedrine