Poverty Alleviation on a Sustainable Basis in the Islamic Framework

Allah (SWT) is the sole creator of this vast universe and whatever it contains. He created man as a master piece of His creation and elevated him to be His vicegerent on earth. He made all physical systems and other creations to cater human needs from the time immoral. And those holding political power in Muslim countries under Islamic teachings are required to make necessary arrangements for the satisfaction of his material needs through efficient utilisation of resources and equitable distribution of goods and services and also to fully protect him from all kinds of fear besides the fear of starvation. There is ample evidence in Quran, Sunnah, and practice of Caliphs to provide food as well as social security to each and every individual in an Islamic economy. Pointing to this fact, an Ayah of Quran enjoying upon Quraish to worship Allah because He has protected them both from starvation and fear by granting them food and peace. Similarly a Hadith says that a society where a Muslim has to starve is forsaken by Allah. The first four Caliphs were fully conscious of their obligation towards meeting the needs of poor. Hazrat Umar (RA) declared, “if a camel dies at the bank of Euphrates, I am afraid Allah would make me accountable for it”. The overwhelming stress on satisfaction of basic needs and social security both of current and future generations leaves no justification for the prevalence of widespread poverty in Islamic framework. As a matter of fact, Islam and absolute poverty cannot persist together.

Different Approaches For Protein Engineering In Industrial Biotechnology

Protein engineering is the novel field which has wide applications from pharmaceutics, industry, commercial, laundry and research. It may apply rational design or non rational design or both. Site directed mutagenesis is a classical approach involving the protein folding principles and as such different techniques involving multidisciplinary research and broad knowledge is required involving biocomputing of complex data obtained from various sequencing projects and prediction of the future protein structure either chemically or genetically modified. Non rational mutagenesis or directed evolution involves random mutations in the gene encoding protein or shuffling the genes encoding different domains producing a random set of numerous large libraries of mutant proteins, using advanced technology the desired protein can be selected but the exact structure or changes may remain unnoticed

Molecular Bio-imprinting of Biocatalysts

Energy conservation is the cry of the day. Attempts are made all over the world to occupy and use energy reserves. Increased industrialization and mechanization has led to the depletion of natural energy reserves. Its unavoidable to search for renewable sources of energy, which may be not used now but can be used by future generations. We are using the expertise of our ancestors. Thus exploiting the nature and newer techniques in this area would yield the best results. Bio-imprinting is one of those techniques whereby chemical modification is done in order to achieve highly expressed protein which can be stored in its highly active form in the specific solvent

Development of guidelines for the selection of structural profiles to achieve optimized flooring structure

The objective of this thesis is to develop finite element modelling approach for the bonded flooring structure. It shall act as a base for developing design models to study the effects of different structural profiles, materials, and to perform design optimisation. Improvements in the structural design of semi-trailers are needed to cope-up with strict emission regulations, reducing fuel cost and improving payload capacity. In this study, a finite element modelling approach was developed for bonded flooring structures. Scaled-down models representing different zones of semi-trailer were modelled and simulated for ISO 1496-1 (1990) floor strength and stiffness test. The simulations were validated through experiments performed at the facility of UPM Plywood Oy in Lahti, Finland. Based on the comparative study of finite element simulations and experiment results, critical parameters in the finite element models were investigated. The data acquired from the scaled-down models was used to comprehend the effect of different ply lay-up on the model displacement. Scaled-down models including common structural profiles used in semi-trailers were used to develop a comparative study to comprehend the effect of geometrical profiles on lightweight construction. The scaled-down models were generated with three different spans i.e. 300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm. As a result, it was concluded that the I-Profile was a suitable choice for small and medium span whereas Z-Profile was an optimum choice at long span i.e. 500 mm. Scaled-down models with I-profile as a cross member was simulated to understand the application of lightweight materials in design process. FE modelling approach developed for scaled-down models was applied to the partial (full-width) and full-scale models. These models were then simulated for ISO 1496-1 (1990) floor strength/stiffness and freight load case respectively. Weight reduction of about 5.28% was achieved in the cross members using partial models. Longitudinal beams contributed to more weight reduction. In the ISO 1496-1 (1990) forklift wheel-load case, it was concluded that the preliminary redesign of the flooring structure provides weight reduction of 3.82%. And, it increase in the model stiffness by 2.88% in partial models. Full-scale semi-trailer model with plywood yielded 9.47% less deformations in comparison to chassis-only model for freight load case. Therefore, it was concluded to use plywood panels in the finite element simulations for improved optimisation. The outcome of this thesis would be beneficial for semi-trailer designers in early design process. And, it shall also improve overall design process of the bonded floor semi-trailers

Bacterial stripe and bacterial leaf blight of sorghum: effect of temperature and relative humidity on disease development, tolerance among sorghum hybrids, and overwinter survival of the incitant bacteria

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 A4Master of Scienc

The Sufis of Delhi, being the Kalimat al-Sadiqin of Muhammad Sadiq Dihlawi Kashmiri Kamadani

The present thesis has been writ ten under the supervision of Dr S.A.A. Rizvi who vent through the draft manuscript and suggested several invaluable improvements. My discussions with him have always been revealing and rewarding and I have benefited immensely from his profound scholarship and deep insight into the vagaries and vicissitudes of Indian history. Besides, by placing his personal library at my disposal, he has put me under a heavy debt of gratitude. The cooperation and understanding that he extended to me during my stay in Canberra I will always gratefully remember. I would also like to thank Professor A.L . Basham who, despite his very busy schedule before his departure for Mexico, took the trouble to read a substantial portion of the Annotations and favoured me with his extremely interesting and instructive queries and comments. Needless to say, his interest in my work and welfare has always been a source of inspiration to me