The Portrayal of the United States in the Context of Drone Attacks: A Study of Pakistani Print Media

The drone attacks from the United States on the tribal areas of Pakistan were in the spotlight Pakistani media since 2004. These attacks also remained as the debating issue that they have taken lives of incident people along with the terrorists. The present study is an exploratory study about the image of the United States in context to drone attacks. To do so, drawing on framing theory editorials from leading newspapers were analyzed by using the qualitative content analysis method. The study also compared the editorial coverage of two newspapers regarding the image of the United States have been treated in editorials related to the drone attacks. The findings revealed that daily Jang is more inclined to positively present the image of the United States than Nawa-i-waqt. The study also revealed that daily Nawa-i-waqt published editorials on drone attacks more frequently than the daily Jan

Impact of Violent Cartoons on the Behaviour of Children: A Case Study of South Punjab

Basically, this is a survey research that investigates the impact of violent cartoons on the behaviour of children. Children often draw strong social or anti-social ideas from children’s movies and cartoons. Television is the most popular medium in which the children are exposed. The media is constantly creating new cartoons with increased violence and children do not realize how harmful this is to them. The study investigates that how children are being exposed to anti-social content and what impact is done on their behavior. Cartoons have much value in personality construction of children especially in very early age. Children try to become like their favorite cartoon character. They try to mimic and copy the actions performed by their favorite cartoon hero. The environment in which the children watch horror or violent cartoons is also very important. They may develop fears or anti-social behavior in the absence of parental guidance

Do Print Media Cater the Needs of Society? A Study to Analyze the Coverage of Health Issues in Major Dailies of Pakistan

This research study is conducted to identify the contribution of print media in highlighting the health specific information for their readers. A content analysis was made for five major Urdu and English dailies, to understand the importance given to health issues in terms of space given, frequency and tone of the contents. The findings of study concluded that mostly articles discussed the health education, specific diseases were less reported. Mostly articles were in neutral and positive tone respectively. Almost one fourth of the articles presented the multiple viewpoints with conclusion as elaborated multiple aspects such as diagnosis, precautionary measures, treatments and remedies/suggestions. Two-thirds of the articles discussed the non-scientific evidence. It was conclude that Information related to health was treated very casually and no serious and result oriented effort was made by the print media

Application and advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging and blood oxygen level dependant (BOLD) imaging modality

The objective of the study was to introduce the availability of bold imaging facility at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi for the first time in Pakistan and also to review the practical application and advantages of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and blood oxygen level dependant (BOLD) Imaging Procedures. The study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from August 2008 to November 2008 .Three patients were selected that had presented with intracranial space occupying lesions. They underwent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The findings of the images were important to describe and localize the eloquent brain areas and their relationship to the underlying pathology. In conclusion this study reflected the significance of the Blood Oxygen Level Dependant (BOLD) imaging modality that can help in improved outcome of patients presenting with intracranial space occupying lesions

The Changing Role of Urdu News Media with Digital Communication in Pakistan

The growing use of digital media has influenced significantly the communication channels of society during recent years in the globe. The media and communication in Pakistan is transforming with information technology. The marvelous boost of digital media devices has changed the communication channels. With digital media revolution, the people in society who formerly had no chance to participate, now they have a great opportunity of to contribute. They can give feedback on news content, comment on stories and share information. If we talk about Urdu news in Pakistan, technology has not left it unchanged. The great revolution in technological field has modified the way public receives information on various aspects. This research work will boost our understanding of how effects of fast spreading technological means have affected traditional modes of Urdu news. During the past decades, western world has got a great benefit from immense development in information communication technology. Furthermore, developing world is widely seen accepting access to internet computer and mobile phone technology. Today's media organizations are extensively using various technological sources. This study also explore the phenomenon of adoption of information technology, role played by media in this digital age and to address the global audience and news collection, influence of internet and extent of freedom of expression to which it has impacted todays media in accessing and delivering information. Though traditional modes of information have got a great jolt by new digital platform and have brought great opportunities for information gathering ofUrdu news in Pakistan.</p

The Effect of Electronic Customer Relationship Management on Organizational Performance with Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction

The purpose of this paper is to measure the effect of E-CRM on Organizations Performance. The Information technology plays an important role in every organization. And customer satisfaction needs to also be measured as a mediator to judge the efficiency. The research was conducted by randomly sampling method in Pakistan. The Methods were used Qualitative and Quantitative for Research. A sample of 220 questionnaires was developed and interview was conducted to get response, through a well-organized strategy. How Technology Effect the customers and it gives a perceiving effect on businesses. The interviews were conducted from Managers of different banks. Our findings were related with positive impact on the organization practices to evaluate the effectiveness. This shows that the effect of electronic customer relationship is positively associated with organization because due to increase in competition it is compulsory for organization to maintain the ECRM. Our finding is E-CRM has an important effect on organization and its customers. This model has a practical implication on services based industry organizations. The firm would use the ECRM system to increase the efficiency of employees and retention rate of customer will increase. Keywords: Electronic Customer Relationship Management: Organizational Performance: Customer Satisfaction JEL Classifications:  M310; M1; M0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.993

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of enhancing cerebral lesions: Analysis of 78 histopathology proven cases

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiating various types of neoplastic and non-neoplastic enhancing cerebral lesions.Methods: The prospective study was conducted from January 2007 to December 2009 at the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. All patients with enhancing brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging who underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a biopsy with histopathological analysis were included in study. The lesions were categorised into neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions on the basis of spectroscopy findings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy were calculated. Predicted probabilities were computed and comparison of median values of metabolites and their ratios was analysed using non-parametric Mann Whitney U test to differentiate between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.Results: Of the 102 patients enrolled, 78 (76.5%) comprised the final study sample. There were 53 (68%) male and 25 (32%) female patients with an overall mean age of 40.21 ± 17.69 years (range: 4-76 years). The mean overall size of the lesion was 4.01 ± 1.79 cm, and 61(78%) lesions were neoplastic and 17 (22%) were non-neoplastic. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiating neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions were 90.16%, 64.70%, 90.16%, 64.70% and 78.20% respectively. A cut-off value of 2.55 of Choline/N-Acetyl Aspartate ratio depicted sensitivity of 70% in differentiating the lesions.Conclusion: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a highly sensitive technique in addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging in characterising and differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cerebral lesions

Screening of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cultivars for drought stress based on vegetative and physiological characteristics

Drought tolerance is an important genotypic character to be exploited for the plant cultivar selection under water deficit conditions. In the recent study, we examined the response of two marigold cultivars (Inca and Bonanza) under different regimes of drought stress. The aim was to determine the best performing cultivar under water/drought stress. Three irrigation treatments include; 4 days (T1), 6 days (T2) and 8 days (T3) in comparison to control 1 day (T0) interval were imposed. Response characters under study were morphological, physiological and anatomical. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications in two factorial arrangements was followed for experiment layout. The results revealed that increasing water stress adversely affect plant height, in both cultivars. Both cultivars showed a decreasing trend to the number of flowers under water stress. Total chlorophyll contents including a, b were also showed reduction under prolonged drought treatment in both cultivars from (2.7 mg g-1 FW) to (1 mg g-1 FW). Overall, the performance of cultivar (cv.) Inca was satisfactory under water stress regimes. These results are helpful for selecting drought tolerant marigold cultivars in water scarce areas.  Â