Landholders’ Involvement in the Compulsory Acquisition of Land and Compensation Process in Bauchi, Nigeria

This study aims to assess landholder’s involvement in the compulsory acquisition of land on their satisfaction with the compensation process in Bauchi, Nigeria, to identify areas of weakness in the process and propose areas of improvement. The study adopted the use of a quantitative approach and data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 327 landholders affected by the compulsory acquisition and compensation exercise by the Bauchi State Government. The data collected were subjected to descriptive with mean ranking, frequency distribution. The study revealed that before the process of compulsory acquisition landholders were very well involved, during the process of compulsory acquisition they were also involved but at the compensation process, they were not involved at all. It recommended that Landholders should be involved not only in the process of compulsory acquisition but they should be involved in the process of compensation as it will minimize resistance to compulsory

EMERGENCY RELIEF MATERIALS ADMINISTRATION AND THE WELFARE OF INTERNALY DISPLACED PERSONS IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE

The study focuses on interrogating emergency relief materials administration and the welfare of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Maiduguri. Internal displacement has rendered over 2 million people in Nigeria homeless, with Maiduguri hosting over 1.6 million as at May, 2021. These IDPs are camped by governments across the nation, while some of them went to stay with friends or relatives who reside in neighboring local government areas or states. The study adopts Joseph’s prebendalism theory which explains a situation in which public officials use their position of trust to amass wealth through criminal means. Both primary and secondary sources of data collection were used. The primary source employed the use of Focus Group Discussion from among the IDPs in selected camps as well as IDPs outside camps. Key Informants Interviews with government officials at NEMA and SEMA, etc., was used; while online newspapers, radio reports, etc., served as secondary sources. The findings of the study show that some officials of the national and state emergency management agencies divert emergency relief materials meant for IDPs for their personal gains. It also shows that this diversion of relief materials affects the general welfare of the IDPs. The study recommends among other things that an agency should be created to coordinate and monitor the activities of the national and state emergency management agencies and all other agencies and NGOs with regard to the collection and distribution of relief materials and rehabilitation of IDPs

Impact of Climate Variability on Reservoir Based Hydro-Power Generation in Jebba Dam, Niger State, Nigeria

This study examined impact of climate variability on reservoir-based hydro-power-generation in Jebba dam, Niger State of Nigeria. Data of rainfall, temperature, evaporation, reservoir inflow and outflow and power output for thirty-one years were obtained from Jebba Hydropower Station [JHP]. The Man-Kendall and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) were used to establish the influence of weather parameters on the reservoir inflow and outflow. Findings showed increased electricity generation during dry season than wet season. The highest annual mean amount of the electricity generated was in 2016 having mean of 689.12mwh, dry season (352.26mwh) and wet season (336.86mwh). Reservoir inflow showed negative trend with severe fluctuations in 1998 (1436.42M3/Sec), 1999 (1581.08M3/Sec) and 2010 (1641.08M3/Sec) with steady increase in 2016 (1556.0042M3/Sec), 2017 (1556.4242M3/Sec) and 2018 (1635.7542M3/Sec). The reservoir outflow pattern showed tremendous and negative trend in fluctuation with increase in 1998 (1421.75M3/Sec) 1999 (1581.58M3/Sec) and 2010 (1641.16M3/Sec) and a steady increase in 2016 (1535.00M3/Sec), 2017 1558.83M3/Sec and 2018 (1632.00M3/Sec). Thus, rainfall and reservoir inflow had strong relationships with the amount of power generated than temperature and evaporation. Therefore, the government should increase the water carrying capacity of the reservoir construction by storing water to be used during dry periods

Aspartate Transaminase (AST) Activity In Selected Tissues and Organs of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Different Levels of Paraquat.

Analyzing the activities of aspatate transaminase in tissues can help detect tissue damage caused by toxicants such as paraquat. The activities of aspatate transaminase (AST) in some tissues and organs of Clarias gariepinus exposed to various levels of paraquat (2, 4, 6 and 8ppm) were studied for a period of thirty (30) days. The tissues and organs investigated include blood plasma, kidney, liver, gills and muscle. The results showed changes in AST activity in the treatment group as compared to the control group; however the increase was not concentration dependent. AST activity was highest in the liver (445.00+0.00IU/L SD) and lowest in the gill (65.00+27.39 IU/L SD) in the control group. There was no significant change in AST activity in the liver across the treatment range. AST activity however declined in the muscle with the lowest at 6ppm of paraquat. There was a significant increase in AST activity in the gills at 4ppm of paraquat, this later declined to almost control levels at higher concentrations. In the kidneys AST activity also significantly peaked at 4ppm of paraquat. This declined slightly and was maintained at higher treatment concentrations. AST activity peaked in the plasma at 4ppm of paraquat as well. This dropped slightly and picked up at 8ppm. Analyzing the activities of AST in tissues can help detect tissue damage cause by toxicants such as paraquat. It can consequently be inferred that AST activity can be used as a reliable biomarker for diseased condition in the plasma, gills and kidney but not the liver or muscle of Clarias gariepinus. Keywords: Enzymes, Herbicides, Toxican

Effect of Neighbourhood Characteristics on Resident's Satisfaction in Doya Area of Bauchi Metropolis

This study determines the effect of neighbourhood characteristics on residents’ satisfaction in Doya area of Bauchi metropolis to reveal the significant relationship of the effect. Field data were gathered using a structured, close-ended questionnaire containing 5 Likert scales administered to the household head of Doya area of Bauchi metropolis using simple random sampling. A total number of one hundred and twenty-five (125) valid questionnaires were used for the analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean score and frequency table) and linear regression method through SPSS. The study found that electricity, water, drainage, availability of schools, availability of hospital, economic activities, neighbourhood security, sanitary services, recreational facilities and accessibility are factors affecting resident’s satisfaction. It further found that satisfaction with proximity to work, water, and educational facilities were striking the highest mean score. Finally linear regression model reveals that neighbourhood condition significantly affects resident’s satisfaction. The study suggests a need for the government to provide more social amenities in the study area. Proper routine management of social amenities should be done to enhance the resident’s satisfaction in the study area

Developing entrepreneurship skills in senior secondary school students: Veritable tools for community development in Kano metropolis, Nigeria

Purpose: The study examined the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in developing entrepreneurial skills in Senior Secondary School students for community development in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population was made up of teachers in all the public secondary schools in Kano Metropolis Area of Kano State. The samples consisted of 346 teachers randomly selected from public senior secondary schools in Kano metropolis. A twenty items structured questionnaire titled “Developing Entrepreneurship Skills in Secondary School Students for Community Development Questionnaire (DESSSSCDQ)” was used for data collection. Its validity and reliability were established using Cronbach’s alpha method and the value obtained was 0.82. The data collected were analyzed using Mean (), standard deviation (SD) and t-test statistical tools. Results: The results indicated that most teachers strongly opined that Entrepreneurship Education was effective in developing entrepreneurial skills in Senior Secondary School students for community development. Dearth of qualified entrepreneurship teachers, instructional facilities, inadequate funding were some of the challenges facing the effective teaching of entrepreneurship education in senior secondary schools. The result also showed no significant difference in the mean opinions of male and female Senior Secondary School Teachers on the role of Entrepreneurship Education for community development (t(344)= 0.612, P = 0.584 > 0.05). Recommendations/Classroom Implications: It was recommended among others that facilities needed to teach Entrepreneurship Education should be made available in schools so as to ensure that needed skills will be acquired for sustainable community development.

Subchronic Toxicological Studies of Methanol and n-Hexane Extracts of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne Leaves Used as Antihypertensive Agent

Leptadenia hastata leaf extracts are used in the folkloric treatment of hypertension and its attendant complications. Sub-chronic toxicological study of the methanol and n-hexane leaf extracts of L. hastata was carried out orally on Swiss albino rats for 28 days. Doses of 100, 300, and 600 mg kg-1 bodyweights of both extracts were administered through the oral route once daily to the rats in respectively labeled test groups while the control group with normal saline (0.5 ml). L. hastata methanol extract showed a moderate presence of alkaloids (0.92±0.14) and cardiac glycosides. The LD50 of both extracts is >5000 mg kg-1 bodyweight. ALT, AST, ALP, and total protein were all significantly high in 600 mg kg-1 bodyweight of the extract (n-hexane)-treated group by a 2% reduction in bodyweight on the 12th day. Lipids in both extract-treated groups were reduced with a concomitant increase in HDL of the methanol extract-treated groups and a decrease in the extract (n-hexane)-treated groups. PCV and RBC significantly increased (p0.05) in the methanol and n-hexane extract-treated groups respectively, while the WBC significantly increased in the extract (n-hexane)-treated groups. Only 600 mg kg-1 bodyweight of the extract (n-hexane)-treated group showed a decrease in liver and kidney weights with an increase in the weight of the heart. Electrolytes were significantly reduced in 600 mg kg-1 bodyweight of the extract (n-hexane)-treated group while urea, creatinine, direct, and total bilirubin increased in the extract (n-hexane)-treated groups. L. hastata extracts at 600 mg kg-1 bodyweight may be toxic

Public Infrastructure Provision in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

This study aims to assess the Public infrastructure provision in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria, to propose areas of improvement. The study adopted the use of a quantitative approach and data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 382 house head holds proportionate selected from the target population in Bauchi metropolis. The data collected were subjected to descriptive with mean ranking, frequency distribution. The study revealed that communication facilities were the most provided facility provision, followed by market facilities and water facilities provision. Solid waste disposal facilities and fire protection services were the least facilities provided in the study area. It recommended that public infrastructural facilities provided in the area should be based on the resident’s preference and need

Landholders' Satisfaction with Compulsory Acquisition and Compensation Process in Bauchi, Nigeria

This research aims to assess Landholder's satisfaction with the compulsory acquisition and compensation process in Bauchi to identify areas of weakness in the process and propose areas of improvement. The study adopted the quantitative approach and data collected through questionnaire survey from 327 landholders affected by the compulsory acquisition and compensation exercise by the Bauchi State Government. The data collected were subjected to descriptive with mean ranking, frequency distribution. The study revealed that landholders were very satisfied before the process of compulsory acquisition, during the process of mandatory purchase, they were also happy. Still, during the compensation process, they were very dissatisfied. It recommended that the Government should make the process of compensation more transparent

Landholders’ Awareness of Compulsory Acquisition of Land and Compensation Process in Bauchi, Nigeria

This study aims to assess landholder’s awareness of compulsory acquisition of land on their satisfaction with the compensation process in Bauchi, Nigeria, to identify areas of weakness in the process and propose areas of improvement. The study adopted the use of a quantitative approach and data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 327 landholders affected by the compulsory acquisition and compensation exercise by the Bauchi State Government. The data collected were subjected to descriptive with mean ranking, frequency distribution. The study revealed that the respondents are aware of the process before the compulsory acquisition and during the process of compulsory acquisition they were also aware of. This means that the respondents agreed that they were aware of the process/procedures involved in compulsory land acquisition, laws, and procedures guiding compulsory land acquisition and compensation process. It recommended that Landholders should be made more aware of the process involved in compulsory acquisition and compensation not only at inception but up to the end of the exercise