A singularity free analytical solution of artificial satellite motion with drag

The connection between the existing Delaunay-Similar and Poincare-Similar satellite theories in the true anomaly version is outlined for the J(2) perturbation and the new drag approach. An overall description of the concept of the approach is given while the necessary expansions and the procedure to arrive at the computer program for the canonical forces is delineated. The procedure for the analytical integration of these developed equations is described. In addition, some numerical results are given. The computer program for the algebraic multiplication of the Fourier series which creates the FORTRAN coding in an automatic manner is described and documented

Interpretation of the northern boundary of Ishtar Terra from Magellan images and altimetry

Part of the controversy on the origin of western Ishtar Terra (IT) concerns the nature of Uorsar Rupes (UR), the northern boundary of IT. In the hypothesis of lithospheric convergence and underthrusting, UR is held to be the main boundary thrust fault at the toe of an accretionary wedge. A topographic rise parallel to the scarp was interpreted as a flexural bulge similar to those of terrestrial subduction zones, and quantitative models of this feature seemed broadly consistent with the expected lithospheric structure of Venus. In the alternative mantle upwelling hypothesis for western IT, the outer margins of the highland are thought to be collapsing, and UR has been interpreted as a normal fault. Herein, Magellan images and altimetry are interpreted for this region and the hypothesis that a flexural signature can be distinguished is reassessed. The Magellan images of IT show evidence of crustal shortening adjacent to UR, but extension and burial dominate northwards. Altimetric profiles display the same long wavelength trends visible in Venera data, but no clear evidence of the lithospheric flexure. A model of regional extension and burial is herein favored, but regional compression cannot be ruled out

Pairing, Ferromagnetism, and Condensation of a normal spin-1 Bose gas

We theoretically study the stability of a normal, spin disordered, homogenous spin-1 Bose gas against ferromagnetism, pairing, and condensation through a Random Phase Approximation which includes exchange (RPA-X). Repulsive spin-independent interactions stabilize the normal state against both ferromagnetism and pairing, and for typical interaction strengths leads to a direct transition from an unordered normal state to a fully ordered single particle condensate. Atoms with much larger spin-dependent interaction may experience a transition to a ferromagnetic normal state or a paired superfluid, but, within the RPA-X, there is no instability towards a normal state with spontaneous nematic order. We analyze the role of the quadratic Zeeman effect and finite system size.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Supplementary materials attache

The method of averages applied to the KS differential equations

A new approach for the solution of artificial satellite trajectory problems is proposed. The basic idea is to apply an analytical solution method (the method of averages) to an appropriate formulation of the orbital mechanics equations of motion (the KS-element differential equations). The result is a set of transformed equations of motion that are more amenable to numerical solution

Parton Saturation-An Overview

The idea of partons and the utility of using light-cone gauge in QCD are introduced. Saturation of quark and gluon distributions are discussed using simple models and in a more general context. The Golec-Biernat W\usthoff model and some simple phenomenology are described. A simple, but realistic, equation for unitary, the Kovchegov equation, is discussed, and an elementary derivation of the JIMWLK equation is given.Comment: Cargese Lectures, 34 pages, 19 figure

Amino acids precursors in lunar finds

The consistent pattern is discussed of amino acids found in lunar dust from Apollo missions. The evidence indicates that compounds yielding amino acids were implanted into the surface of the moon by the solar wind, and the kind and amounts of amino acids found on the moon are closely similar to those found in meteorites. It is concluded that there is a common cosmochemical pattern for the moom and meteorites, and this offers evidence of a common course of cosmochemical reactions for carbon

Fluctuations, Saturation, and Diffractive Excitation in High Energy Collisions

Diffractive excitation is usually described by the Good--Walker formalism for low masses, and by the triple-Regge formalism for high masses. In the Good--Walker formalism the cross section is determined by the fluctuations in the interaction. In this paper we show that by taking the fluctuations in the BFKL ladder into account, it is possible to describe both low and high mass excitation by the Good--Walker mechanism. In high energy $pp$ collisions the fluctuations are strongly suppressed by saturation, which implies that pomeron exchange does not factorise between DIS and $pp$ collisions. The Dipole Cascade Model reproduces the expected triple-Regge form for the bare pomeron, and the triple-pomeron coupling is estimated.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figure

Softening of the stiffness of bottlebrush polymers by mutual interaction

We study bottlebrush macromolecules in a good solvent by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), static light scattering (SLS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). These polymers consist of a linear backbone to which long side chains are chemically grafted. The backbone contains about 1600 monomer units (weight average) and every second monomer unit carries side-chains with ca. 60 monomer units. The SLS- and SANS data extrapolated to infinite dilution lead to the form factor of the polymer that can be described in terms of a worm-like chain with a contour length of 380 nm and a persistence length of 17.5 nm. An analysis of the DLS data confirm these model parameters. The scattering intensities taken at finite concentration can be modeled using the polymer reference interaction site model. It reveals a softening of the bottlebrush polymers caused by their mutual interaction. We demonstrate that the persistence decreases from 17.5 nm down to 5 nm upon increasing the concentration from dilute solution to the highest concentration 40.59 g/l under consideration. The observed softening of the chains is comparable to the theoretically predicted decrease of the electrostatic persistence length of linear polyelectrolyte chains at finite concentrations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure