Current Problems of the Realisation of the Right to Effective Remedies in the Ukrainian Context of Lustration

The article focuses on current problems of the realization of the right to effective remedies for everyone who has fallen within the purview of the Law of Ukraine “On Government Cleansing” in Ukraine during the lustration, since this right is guaranteed by the Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of 1950. The analysis of the established lustration standards, which were formulated by the European institutions taking into account other countries’ experiences, showed that the appropriate realization of the right to effective remedies during lustration is one of the key aspects of government cleansing in a democratic country founded on the rule of law. The article raises the issue of the applicability of the constitutional principles of presumption of innocence and individual responsibility to the Ukrainian context of lustration. This issue remains open for domestic legal theory and practice because it is complex and requires the official legal position of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.

Conflict of interests in commercial and civil law

The modern specifics of the development of social relations are due to new phenomena that require research and regulation. One of these is the issue of conflict of interest settlement in the business sphere. Given this, it is critical to analyze the causes of conflicts of interest in the system of management and production of public goods, which will contribute to the acceleration of the improvement of the management system and the transformation of the economy of Ukraine. The work aims to identify the conflict of interests in the business sphere and to determine the methods of their settlement. The research methodology consists of: the dialectic method, the abstraction method, the analysis and synthesis method, the logical-semantic method, the classification and grouping method, the system-structural method, the functional method, the sociological method, the statistical method, the formal-legal method, the synergistic method, the historical-legal method, comparative-legal method, method of interpretation and hermeneutics, analytical method and logical-legal method. As a result of the research, it is noted that the conflict of interests is a generally accepted term denoting a contradiction between the interests that are protected by law and must be satisfied by the actions of another authorized person and the personal interests of this authorized person. In particular, the essence, peculiarities of passage, and consequences of the conflict of interests in the field of management were investigated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the conflict of interests in the field of management is considered as a potential threat to the implementation of entrepreneurial activity

Preparing, Characterization and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Polymer Fibers Doped by Green Synthesized AgNPs

The aim of the work was to prepare polymer matrix composite (PMC) microfibers doped by green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The incorporation of AgNP into the polymer matrix can provide toxic properties to the polymer. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a matrix. AgNPs were synthesized by the green method, where the leaf extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) was used as a reduction and capping agent. PVA-AgNPs composites were prepared in two ways: the ex situ method (pre-prepared globular AgNPs with a mean diameter of 20 nm were added into polymer matrix) and the in situ method (AgNPs were synthesized in the process of polymer composite preparation; in situ synthesized nanoparticles were a mix of different shapes with a mean diameter of ~100 nm). FTIR (Infrared spectroscopy with Fourier Transformation), UV–vis (Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) techniques were used for the analysis of nanoparticles and prepared PMCs. Thin layers and microfibers of in situ and ex situ PMCs were prepared. The presence of AgNPs clusters was evident in both PMC thin layers. After electrospinning, the chains of nanoparticles were observed inside the fibers. The distribution of nanoparticles was improved by increasing the AgNPs volume fraction (from 5 vol.% to 20 vol.%). Toxic and antibiofilm activity of AgNPs colloid, pure PVA, and PVA-AgNPs composites against the one-cell green algae Parachlorella kessleri (P. kessleri) was analyzed. AgNPs colloid, as well as PVA-AgNPs composites, showed good toxic and antibiofilm activity, and pure PVA shows no toxic/antibiofilm activity