Phytochemical screening and In vitro antioxidant potentials of extracts of ten medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Sri Lanka

Background: Over the last decade, extensive research work has focused on the potential health benefits of antioxidants while many medicinal plant extracts have been evaluated for their antioxidant profile. Medicinal plants selected for this study are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Sri Lanka some of which are recommended as dietary supplements to the existing therapies. The present study aimed at determining the total polyphenol contents and total antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of 10 selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants by three in vitro methods;Materials and Methods: DPPH(2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing power) and NO (nitric oxide) assays. The aqueous plant extracts were tested at the concentration of 0.05 g/mL. The total polyphenol content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method while the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP and NO assays with L-ascorbic acid as reference compound.Results: The total polyphenol content of the plant extracts varied from 0.41 to 13.00 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) per gram dry weight. The antioxidant activities ranged in IC50 of 36.89-101.27 μg/mL, IC50 of 139.56-419.93 μg/mL, 0.12-8.98 μM for DPPH, NO, FRAP assays, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids and flavonoids in the plant materials which also possessed in vitro antioxidant potentials. Polyphenolic compounds contribute significantly to the total antioxidant capacities of medicinal plant extracts.Key words: DPPH; FRAP; NO assay; total polyphenol conten

Antihyperglycemic activity of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Coccinia grandis</i> (L.) Voigt in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

376-381Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) has been popularly used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Sri Lanka. The present study was to investigate the long term effect of aqueous leaf extract of C. grandis on serum/blood glycemic parameters and regenerative potential of islet cells in the pancreas of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by injecting them with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip). Group one and two served as the healthy untreated, diabetic untreated control rats and received distilled water. Group three and four were diabetic rats, received the optimum effective dose of C. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">grandis (0.75 gm/kg) and glibenclamide (0.50 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. There was a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin together with a concomitant increase in the concentrations of serum insulin and C-peptide in plant extract and glibenclamide treated diabetic rats (pC. grandis extract treated diabetic rats was noted through an increase in the percentage of insulin secreting β-cells and an increase in islet profile diameter (p<0.05). The findings of the present investigation helps to scrutinize the therapeutic benefits of the C. grandis extract in the management of diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine

Elevated pre-surgical CA15-3: does it predict the short-term disease-free survival of breast cancer patients without distant metastasis?

Lakmini KB Mudduwa,1 Gaya B Wijayaratne,2 Harshini H Peiris,3 Shania N Gunasekera,1 Deepthika Abeysiriwardhana,1 Nimsha Liyanage1 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka; 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka; 3Medical Laboratory Science Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka Background: CA15-3 is the most commonly used tumor marker in breast cancer. Its prognostic role has been described in the metastatic setting, but the role of pre-surgical CA15-3 in the assessment of patients with breast cancer without metastasis has not been substantiated yet. Methodology: From February 2014 for a 2-year period, this prospective study included all patients who were diagnosed with primary breast cancer and underwent surgery at a tertiary care hospital. The serum level of CA15-3 was assessed on a pre-surgical blood sample and later at the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed with a Kaplan&ndash;Meier model and log-rank test. Results: We enrolled 195 patients (mean age &plusmn; SD 57.84 years &plusmn;13.819, range, 28&ndash;95) with breast cancer. The prevalence of elevated (&ge;30&nbsp;U/mL) pre-surgical CA15-3 was 35.9%, and it reduced to 14.3% at 3&nbsp;months after mastectomy. Pre-surgical CA15-3 had a significant association only with the size of the tumor (p=0.047). Patients who did not have elevated pre-surgical CA15-3 (&ge;30&nbsp;U/mL) had the best short-term DFS, and it was worst when the pre-surgical CA15-3 was &gt;100&nbsp;U/mL (p=0.041). Conclusion: Elevated pre-surgical CA15-3 is a predictor of poor short-term DFS of patients with breast cancer without distant metastasis. Keywords: breast cancer, pre-surgical CA15-3, short-term disease-free survival, prognosi